甲基异柳磷和三唑磷对几种淡水鱼的毒性比较

测定了有机磷杀虫剂甲基异柳磷和三唑磷对淡水鲳Ｃｏｌｏｓｓｏｍａ ｂｒａｃｈｙｐｏｍｕｍ尼罗罗非鱼Ｔｉｌａｐｉａ ｎｉｌｏｔｉｃａ和麦穗鱼Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｒａｓｂｏｒａ ｐａｒｖａ的急性毒性。其中甲基异柳磷对三种鱼的９６ｈＬＣ５０分别为１．３４、１．４６和０．１４ｍｇ／Ｌ,三唑磷为０．０６、０．０３５和０．００８ｍｇ／Ｌ,该测定结果表明,在常规用药条件下,甲基异柳磷对鱼类较为安全。     

环境监理计算机管理信息系统的软件规划

在对各种环保监理工作调研的基础上,了解环境监理机构的主要职责,并对软件的功能模块进行划分为软件的开发和编程提供了技术及工作总线。     

Alcaligenessp.YF11菌杀灭菊酯的降解机理

测定了降解菌Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｓｐ．ＹＦ１１对不同浓度杀灭菊酯的降解及其降解途径。在纯培养系统中,Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｓｐ．ＹＦ１１对１００ｍｇ／Ｌ的杀灭菊 降解符合零级动力学特征。     

驯化活性污泥处理明胶有机废水的实验

利用驯化活性污泥对组分复杂的明胶有机废水进行有机物降解实验。结果表明,明胶废水的ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤｃｒ比值为０．４４－０．４６,ＣＯＤｃｒ进水浓度在１０００－１２００ｍｇ／Ｌ人,ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＢＯＤ５去除率分别达８１％－８３％和８６％－９１％。     

餐饮业油烟气中醛类化合物的荧光法测定

提出了餐饮业油烟气中醛类化合物的荧光测定方法。通过试验选择丙醇作为油烟气中醛类化合物的吸收剂。研究了Ｈａｎｔｚｓｃｈ反应在测定油烟气中醛类化合物时的反应条件。样品与荧光试剂等体积混合,在ｐＨ６．０的体系中,５７℃下反应１５ｍｉｎ。     

Cd(Ⅱ)-邻菲咯啉络合物极谱吸附波测定水中微量镉

在ＰＨ＝４．７４的０．２ｍｏｌ／ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲体系中,Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）－邻菲咯啉络合物在单扫描波极谱仪上于－０．７９Ｖ处产生一灵敏的吸附还原波,其二次微分极谱波灵敏度高,波形好。     

气浮——厌氧——好氧工艺处理高浓度印染废水

根据高浓度印染废水水质特性，开发了气浮－厌氧－好氧处理工艺。并应用于处理工程中，获得了较好的效益。该系统运行结果表明，在进水平均ＣＯＤｃｒ２８８３ｍｇ／Ｌ和设定的ＨＲＴ下，气浮单元出水ＣＯＤｃｒ，为１５３９．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，厌氧池出水１１９２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，好氧池出水２２５．３ｍｇ／Ｌ，总ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率为９２．２％，处理费用１．７３元／ｔ水，且处理出水可回用于生产，因此该工艺有推广应用的潜力。     

PNN破乳剂的合成及其乳化液废水处理

由氨,仲胺与伯胺及表卤代醇合成制备了合成制备了高效破乳剂ＰＮＮ,并用以处理乳化油废水,取得了较好的效果。结果表明,在ＰＨ＝６．０－７．５,投量为１．８８‰３．０‰的条件下,用ＰＮＮ处理ＣＯＤｃｒ为７１８４０ｍｇ／Ｌ、ｉｍｇ ｏ １５５３４ｍｇ／Ｌ、油为１５５３４ｍｇ／Ｌ的某乳化油废水,最佳ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达９２．７％,最佳油去除率达９９．９％。,浊度去除率达到９９．９％,该药剂破乳后固液分离性能较     

光催化氧化-混凝工艺处理化工废水

探索了光催化氧化－混凝工艺处理废水的工艺条件,最佳光催化氧化处理条件为ＰＨ＝３,催化剂为铁盐,氧化剂Ｈ２Ｏ２,低压汞灯,光照时间１．５ｈ,废水温度４５℃,温凝剂选用ＰＡＣ和ＰＡＭ（混凝剂的投加量为原水ＣＯＤｃｒ：ＰＡＣ：ＰＡＭ＝７：１．５：０．０１）,混凝ＰＨ６,沉降时间０．５ｈ,在该工艺条件对ＣＯＤｃｒ为１７３－７０１４４ｍｇ／Ｌ的十二烷基苯磺酸钠废水、苯酐废水、富马酸废水、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯废水     

北京气温与小儿呼吸道疾病相关性研究

本文研究了北京大气温度的变化与小儿呼吸道疾病的关系，结果表明北京大气温度升高与小儿呼吸道疾病的发生率呈负相关，ｒｓ＝０．５３０，ｐ＜０．０１，北京冬季小儿呼吸道疾病为小儿疾病发生率的首位，而且呈周期性变化，本文还讨论了小儿呼吸道疾病的病因及其防治。     

Waste Analysis Plan Review Advisor: An Intelligent Database to Assist RCRA Permit Reviewers

The Waste Analysis Plan Review Advisor (WAPRA) system assists in the review of the Waste Analysis Plan Section of RCRA Part B facility permit applications. Specifically, this program automates two functions of the waste analysis plan review. First, the system checks all wastes which will be processed in the same treatment or disposal unit to identify possible chemical interactions which might pose a health threat to unit operators or degrade the performance of the waste processing unit. Second, sampling methods are analyzed and judged for appropriateness based on guidelines in EPA Reference SW-846. WAPRA is best classified as an intelligent database. It contains the expertise of a chemist in a menu-driven user-friendly interface.     

可视化黄浦江水环境数学模型系统设计与开发

随着信息技术的高速发展,传统的水环境数学模型与数据库技术、GIS技术、可视化编程工具紧密结合,水环境数学模型的可视化是其发展的一个重要趋势,也是开发水环境决策支持系统和水环境数学模型商业软件的重要基础。对可视化水环境数学模型的设计框架进行了初步探讨,并结合自主开发的可视化黄浦江二维水环境数学模型系统,介绍可视化水环境数学模型的设计与开发。     

环境应急信息管理平台

环境应急信息管理平台是以信息化技术手段作为支撑的、面向环境应急事件的综合性的信息管理、事态预测、应急决策系统。系统以GIS为基础,可以快速地了解突发环境事件的发展状况,同时通过对环境背景数据库、空间信息数据库、环境应急专项数据库中的相关知识与数据进行综合分析,建立污染物扩散模型以及辅助决策模型,为决策者快速提供一个直观、科学、合理、优化的应急处置方案和指挥调度方案,并能够为事件后期评估、科学制定善后处理措施提供必要保障。     

Description and application of the EAP computer program for calculating life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of household consumption items

Focusing on reduction in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, a life-cycle-based analysis tool has been developed. The energy analysis program (EAP) is a computer program for determining energy use and greenhouse gas emissions related to household consumption items, using a hybrid calculation method. EAP consists of a number of fill-in screens corresponding to steps in the hybrid method, which in their turn correspond to different stages in life-cycles of consumer goods. The database incorporated in EAP comprises data about energy use and emissions of the main greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄and N₂O) concerning materials, economic sectors, means of transport, etc. The use of the program in several projects showed the applicability and usefulness of EAP in research and policy. In this article, EAP is applied to food: French beans as a metaphor for fruit and vegetables.     

基于Web GIS的饮用水水源地水质安全监控系统的研究

基于Web GIS的饮用水水质监控系统,利用Internet/Intranet技术、GIS技术、数据库技术和环境保护技术,建立了完善的水污染监测与管理网络体系,实现了水源地污染空间信息、属性信息的综合管理.首先介绍了此系统的需求目标,进一步阐述了系统的体系结构、数据库设计和主要功能.     

A new approach to data evaluation in the non-target screening of organic trace substances in water analysis

Non-target screening via high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) has gained increasingly in importance for monitoring organic trace substances in water resources targeted for the production of drinking water. In this article a new approach for evaluating the data from non-target HPLC-MS screening in water is introduced and its advantages are demonstrated using the supply of drinking water as an example. The crucial difference between this and other approaches is the comparison of samples based on compounds (features) determined by their full scan data. In so doing, we take advantage of the temporal, spatial, or process-based relationships among the samples by applying the set operators, UNION, INTERSECT, and COMPLEMENT to the features of each sample. This approach regards all compounds, detectable by the used analytical method. That is the fundamental meaning of non-target screening, which includes all analytical information from the applied technique for further data evaluation. In the given example, in just one step, all detected features (1729) of a landfill leachate sample could be examined for their relevant influences on water purification respectively drinking water. This study shows that 1721 out of 1729 features were not relevant for the water purification. Only eight features could be determined in the untreated water and three of them were found in the final drinking water after ozonation. In so doing, it was possible to identify 1-adamantylamine as contamination of the landfill in the drinking water at a concentration in the range of 20 ng L⁻¹. To support the identification of relevant compounds and their transformation products, the DAIOS database (Database-Assisted Identification of Organic Substances) was used. This database concept includes some functions such as product ion search to increase the efficiency of the database query after the screening. To identify related transformation products the database function “transformation tree” was used.     

Biomonitoring and environmental specimen banking

The environmental specimen banking program (ESB) of the Federal Republic of Germany implies a collection of specimens from representative areas of Germany, stored under stable conditions for deferred analysis. It is an important part of the ecological assessment program. The ecological concept is presented as the frame of the entire ESB program. It is based on the selection of representative sampling areas and specimens. Standard operating procedures (SOP’s) for sampling and characterization of specimens, as well as sampling designs specific to the areas, are presented as further important parts of the quality assurance system in relation to the correct sampling of specimens.     

A classification of acidified catchments in Britain

To compare catchments of possible acidified waters in Britain an extensive database was compiled for nearly 600 catchments of lakes and streams for which chemical data were available. Information on the database included map-derived data, pollutant deposition estimates and hydrological characteristics. To stratify the catchment database a randomly selected subset of 328 catchments was used to derive eight classes of catchments using the classification program TWINSPAN. Several classifications were generated by this method using an increasing number of catchment parameters. TWINSPAN classes were defined on the basis of some catchment parameters (indicators) but were shown to be associated with other variables. A general linear model (GLM) analysis of the available chemical data was used to test the different classifications. A TWINSPAN classification which excluded soil and geology characteristics gave the best GLM model because soil and geology types were poorly correlated with other catchment parameters. However, because of the recognized importance of soils and geology in acidification processes, these parameters were introduced into the GLM model as separate GLM classes. The resulting three-class model (TWINSPAN class, soil type, geology type) proved superior to both the one-class model and to two-class models which included either soil or geology. It was demonstrated that the TWINSPAN classes were associated with particular geographical areas and particular monitoring programmes. The TWINSPAN classification was used to evaluate a set of catchments selected as long-term monitoring sites for Britain. In general, the set covered a wide range of catchment types as defined by the classification. It was possible to identify minor shortfalls in classes of catchment selected and suggest possible additions to the sampling programme. Whilst the classification procedure has been applied to possible acidified waters, the method is of general relevance to all catchments and waters of more diverse nature.     

Daphnia magna ecotoxicity test with parathion

The toxicity test with organophosphate insecticide - parathion - was determined on neonates (0–6h old) and juveniles (up 96h old) of Daphnia magna, Straus 1820, Clone A. Organisms (10 per test chamber) were exposed to 7 toxicant concentrations plus control in the flow-through system, containing ASTM hard water. Health conditions were assessed every 24 hours in the standard immobilization test and by morphometrical analyze under a light microscope in a special computer program “MultiScan”. The following morphometric parameters were determined on external appearance: length and width of body and of head and also morphological distribution of pigments: green color of filling of gut, and yellow color of lipid droplets in the body. Colors in the body of animals were determined owing to special morphological filters and image processing in computer program.     

The occurrence of cyanide formation in six full-scale publicly owned treatment works.

This paper presents results from an intensive monitoring program implemented at six full-scale publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) to investigate the fate and formation of cyanide in wastewater treatment processes, with a focus on chlorination and dechlorination processes. A review of historical monitoring data for cyanide species in these POTWs was also conducted. This POTW monitoring program provided a database for the investigation of cyanide formation in wastewater secondary treatment. Data from participating POTWs showed evidence of cyanide formation in this 1-year monitoring effort, although the cyanide formation pattern varied significantly from one plant to another and among seasons. Generally, the chlorination of thiocyanate (SCN-) seems to be the most important mechanism for the formation of cyanide in wastewater treatment processes, especially in chlorination and dechlorination. This hypothesis is supported by the findings of a related laboratory study of mechanisms of cyanide formation in POTWs. It is recommended that POTWs monitor SCN in influent and secondary effluent to identify its presence and adjust chlorine dose appropriately.