共查询到14条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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施工车辆车轮带泥是我国道路扬尘污染控制面临的共性和突出问题。为在国内推广使用洗轮机提供技术依据,通过检测工地出口外道路积尘负荷来估算转轮式洗轮机对车轮带泥的冲洗效率,并以该洗轮机作为车轮带泥检测设备,检测和统计北京市车轮带泥量。结果表明,(1)转轮式洗轮机可以将工地出口外100 m道路积尘负荷增量由64.4 g/m2降至5.9 g/m2,转轮式洗轮机对车轮带泥的冲洗效率大于90%;(2)渣土车和混凝土车车轮带泥量的平均值分别为5.1和2.2 kg/车;(3)北京市未来车轮带泥量将超过8.8万t/a,施工车辆全部经过转轮式洗轮机冲洗后,车轮带泥量可削减7.9万t/a。建议在相关法律法规中以强制性条款落实施工车辆车轮带泥机械化冲洗要求。 相似文献
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正渗透膜(FO)是一种低能耗的膜处理工艺,而膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种高效的污水处理工艺,其最大的瓶颈就是严重的膜污染问题,将FO应用到MBR中,即正渗透膜生物反应器。根据传统膜生物反应器的膜污染特点,研究SMP和EPS的主要组成成分中的糖类物质对膜的污染情况,利用海藻酸钠模拟糖类物质,并根据生活污水的特点,在海藻酸钠中加入钙、镁离子,研究其在含有不同金属离子时膜不同放置方式时的膜污染情况,将运行后的污染膜片剪下做SEM、AFM、FTIR-ATR分析。研究表明,海藻酸钠加不同金属离子的膜污染情况不一致,其膜污染大小顺序为藻酸钠+钙>藻酸钠+钙+镁>藻酸钠+镁,且不同膜放置方式的膜污染不同,活性层面向驱动液的通量较大。 相似文献
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为探索水泥窑协同处置铬污染土壤(CCS)的可行性,用CCS部分替代硅质原料配制生料,于1 400℃煅烧成熟料,通过化学分析、强度测试、浸提实验及XRD/SEM分析,研究了CCS对生料易烧性、熟料强度及六价铬/总铬(Cr(VI)/∑Cr)浸出浓度的影响。结果表明,CCS能改善熟料烧成,掺量从0到15%,熟料中f-CaO含量略有下降,硬化试体的3 d、28 d、90 d强度略有提高。Cr(VI)/∑Cr浸出浓度随CCS掺量增加而增大,但随养护龄期延长而减小;当CCS掺量小于8%时,熟料3 d至90 d水化物的浸出液中,Cr(VI)浓度均低于0.05 mg/L,符合Ⅱ类地表水环境质量标准限值。铬离子浸出毒性减小是由于铬在熟料矿物和水化产物中的固溶以及水化产物对它的包裹封固作用。研究表明,水泥窑协同处置CCS是一种可行的无害化处理和资源化利用途径。 相似文献
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电解锰渣无害化处理技术简 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
电解锰渣是湿法电解金属锰工艺产生的废渣,环境危害性大、治理难度大。为消除锰渣的污染性,实验研究了锰渣浸出液中污染物种类,并分别采用生石灰和氢氧化钠作处理剂,从成本、处理效果方面进行比较,确定处理剂以及最佳运行条件。得出结论:锰渣中主要污染物为锰和氨氮(分别超过相关标准453倍和26倍),选取生石灰做处理剂,处理后的锰渣,浸出液中锰离子和氨氮的减排量分别达到99%和97%以上,水溶性锰离子浓度低于5 mg/L、氨氮浓度低于25 mg/L,均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的排放标准;反应时间30 h以上、避免雨淋、不通风、无日照为最佳反应条件。 相似文献
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竹制填料生物接触氧化工艺处理污染河水简 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对受污染的湖溪河水质特征,以传统弹性塑料填料做对比,研究以竹球和竹丝为填料的生物接触氧化工艺,考察填料的挂膜时间、生物量和污水处理效果;确定连续曝气和间歇曝气时反应器的最优运行工况:连续曝气时为HRT=7.5 h,DO=3 mg/L;间歇曝气时为厌氧1.2 h、好氧6.3 h交替运行。实验结果表明,与弹性塑料填料相比,竹制填料挂膜速度快,竹球填料的水处理效果最好;连续曝气最优工况下竹球填料反应器中COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别为66.7%、47.9%、57.1%和30.6%;间歇曝气最优工况下竹球填料反应器中COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别64.08%、39.95%、60.7%和54.68%;竹制填料可替代传统的塑料填料作为生物接触氧化工艺的载体填料。 相似文献
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SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Contamination of soils, aquifers and groundwater by nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) pollutants constitutes a major environmental issue of concern, worldwide. The residual (biodegradation-resistant) hydrophobic fuel hydrocarbons entrapped in the soil porous matrix, possess a particular bioremediation challenge due to their becoming virtually immobile, nor desorbable, or water dispersible. Consequently, they are not available as substrates to the micro-organism-based biodegradation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our research involves the development of economically feasible, surfactant/surfactant-nutrient mix (SSNM)-enhanced bioremediation methodologies for sustainable, in situ bioremediation of fuel-contaminated aquifers. This requires, methodologically, (a) the optimization, via in vitro 'flow' (columns) lab experiments and screening processes, of an effective mixture for the intended SSNM-enhanced bioremediation; and (b) the study of the combined effect of the optimized SSNM on the solubilization/mobilization and biodegradation of NAPL (fuel) in in vitro site/aquifer-simulated bioremediation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The essence of our findings: (1) kerosene's maximum enhanced mobilization - f = 3.6, compared with that of deionized water, was achieved with an SSNM having the composition of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABS): coco-amphodiacetate (containing N): surfactant-nutrient X (containing both N and P) = 0.15: 0.15: 0.05 g/L, respectively; (2) 62-64% of the initial amount of kerosene in the initially saturated soil matrix, 'packed' in a column, has been eluted from it during approximately 30 days, compared with 68% of kerosene biodegradation in 'vessel' settings, in 21 days. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The indigenous microorganisms present in th vadose zones of fuel-contaminated sandy soil aquifers are potentially capable of unassisted removal of approximately 80% of the initially contained fuel (kerosene), during a period of about 42 days; (2) the major effects of the SSNM addition are (a) enhanced mobilization of the bulky NAPL; and (b) enhanced desorbtion/ solubilization/dispersion of the entrapped NAPL which, in turn, facilitate their enhanced biodegradation. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVE: Our findings suggest that pre-optimized, biodegradable SSNM is essential for surfactants-based bioremediation of NAPL-contaminated aquifers, in order to make this in-situ methodology both technologically and economically feasible. 相似文献
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Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aged-contaminated soil using cyclodextrins: experimental study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Viglianti C Hanna K de Brauer C Germain P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,140(3):427-435
The removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil using water as flushing agent is relatively ineffective due to their low aqueous solubility. However, addition of cyclodextrin (CD) in washing solutions has been shown to increase the removal efficiency several times. Herein are investigated the effectiveness of cyclodextrin to remove PAH occurring in industrially aged-contaminated soil. Beta-cyclodextrin (BCD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD) solutions were used for soil flushing in column test to evaluate some influent parameters that can significantly increase the removal efficiency. The process parameters chosen were CD concentration, ratio of washing solution volume to soil weight, and temperature of washing solution. These parameters were found to have a significant and almost linear effect on PAH removal from the contaminated soil, except the temperature where no significant enhancement in PAH extraction was observed for temperature range from 5 to 35 degrees C. The PAHs extraction enhancement factor compared to water was about 200. 相似文献
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