聚丙烯中空纤维膜生物反应器净化复合芳香族VOCs

采用中空纤维膜生物反应器(HFMBR)去除气态复合苯系物。挂膜后期,生物反应器的去除效率可以稳定达到80%左右(去除能力(EC)≥225 g/(m3.h))。研究了中空纤维膜生物反应器处理对于单一二甲苯以及混合二甲苯的性能,并且发现HFMBR对于去除单一二甲苯和混合二甲苯都有明显的效果,去除效率均达到90%以上;表明二甲苯之间竞争效应带来的相互抑制作用小。在低浓度的情况下,单一二甲苯和混合二甲苯的去除能力呈线性增加,在高浓度阶段,去除能力增加变缓。比较了混合二甲苯与甲苯联合降解,发现两者之间存在相互抑制作用,但相比传统生物反应器有明显的改善。与传统生物过滤系统比较而言,膜生物反应器有着很好的应用前景。     

好氧颗粒污泥动态膜生物反应器工艺参数及运行性能

以一体式尼龙筛网动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)为研究体系,与好氧颗粒污泥相结合,形成新的好氧颗粒污泥动态膜生物反应器(AGDMBR),探讨了在新工艺条件下对COD、氨氮的去除,以及出水浊度的变化,与活性污泥动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)做比较,研究了进水流量、曝气量等工艺运行参数与膜污染之间的关系,并对系统中污泥的EPS进行分析。结论表明,AGDMBR系统对COD和NH4+-N的平均去除率分别为91%和95%,出水浊度为6 NTU,处理效果均优于DMBR系统;AGDMBR系统在运行过程中膜污染速度随进水流量的增大而加快;曝气量为125～150 L/h时,膜通量持续时间最长;AGDMBR系统比DMBR系统在膜污染的延缓上具有明显的优势。     

A/O和A2/O工艺对膜生物反应器处理焦化废水影响的研究

为提高膜生物反应器对焦化废水的处理效果,采用A/O和A2/O两种工艺的膜生物反应器处理焦化废水,通过对比处理效果、分析膜污染情况,寻求膜生物反应处理焦化废水的最优工艺。实验结果表明：A2/O工艺系统对酚、NH3-N、COD的去除率分别为99%、90%和95%;A/O工艺系统对酚、NH3-N和COD的去除率分别为97%、75%和93%。A2/O膜生物反应器系统对焦化废水中NH3-N的去除效果明显优于A/O膜生物反应器系统,其反硝化率为50%-70%。对膜污染分析表明不同工艺对膜污染的影响不显著,A2/O工艺膜通量衰减59%,A/O工艺膜通量衰减56%。研究表明在膜生物反应器中,A2/O工艺对焦化废水的去除效果要优于A/O工艺。     

错流式动态膜-生物反应器中污泥活性的研究

应用错流式动态膜-生物反应器(CDMBR)对己内酰胺废水进行了180 d的实验,实验过程中测定反应器的膜出水和上清液的水质,并对污泥进行了耗氧呼吸速率测定.结果表明,上清液COD一直保持在100mg/L以下,而膜出水的则保持在50 mg/L以下,膜对上清液的COD去除率达50%,而对氮的去除没有贡献.可溶性细胞产物(SMP)在反应器内容易积累,停留足够的时间后能被生物降解.通过投加抑制剂测定耗氧呼吸速率,发现异养菌、硝化细菌和亚硝化细菌的活性由于F/M的降低和SMP积累受到一定的抑制,但不影响系统的处理效率.跨膜压力、膜面流速越大,通量衰减得也就越快.     

错流式动态膜-生物反应器中污泥活性的研究

应用错流式动态膜-生物反应器（CDMBR）对己内酰胺废水进行了180d的实验，实验过程中测定反应器的膜出水和上清液的水质，并对污泥进行了耗氧呼吸速率测定。结果表明，上清液COD一直保持在100mg／L以下，而膜出水的则保持在50mg／L以下，膜对上清液的COD去除率达50％，而对氮的去除没有贡献。可溶性细胞产物（SMP）在反应器内容易积累，停留足够的时间后能被生物降解。通过投加抑制剂测定耗氧呼吸速率，发现异养菌、硝化细菌和亚硝化细菌的活性由于F／M的降低和SMP积累受到一定的抑制，但不影响系统的处理效率。跨膜压力、膜面流速越大，通量衰减得也就越快。     

复合式膜生物反应器对船舶生活污水中有机物的降解

研究了复合式膜生物反应器(HMBR)中生化反应及膜自身对船舶生活污水中浓度较高的有机物的去除作用。当进水COD浓度为1 000 mg/L左右,反应器容积负荷为2.4 kg COD/(m3·d)时,HMBR曝气池内生化反应对COD的去除率平均可达91.63%,膜本身去除率平均为5.09%。可见,曝气池内生化反应对有机物的去除起到了主要作用,而膜则维持了系统出水水质的稳定。对曝气池内有机物降解动力学模型进行了研究,曝气池内有机物降解遵循一级反应,其相应动力学参数为vmax=2.79 d-1,Ks=395 mg/L,所得动力学方程可用于指导船用膜生物反应器的设计及运行维护。     

膜生物反应器低温污水处理效能研究

通过连续实验,考察了温度变化对膜生物反应器除污染效果的影响,重点研究了低温条件下(10±2)℃溶解氧(DO)和水力停留时间(HRT)对膜生物反应器净化效能的影响规律.研究结果表明,温度的突然降低会导致污泥的氧吸收速率下降,系统对COD的去除效率从90.1%迅速降低至68.2%,但经过1个月的低温运行后,活性污泥的氧吸收...     

好氧硝化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器性能和膜污染研究

实验研究了好氧硝化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器AGMBR的处理性能,并将其与活性污泥膜生物反应器ASMBR进行对比,考察了颗粒污泥在减缓膜污染中所起的作用.好氧硝化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器AGMBR连续稳定运行102 d,系统具有良好的去除有机物和同时硝化反硝化能力,在进水COD和NH+4-N浓度分别为500和200 mg/L时,COD、NH+4-N和TN的去除率分别稳定在86%、94%和45%以上.颗粒污泥有效减缓了膜污染,延长了膜清洗的周期,AGMBR中的膜污染以膜孔堵塞为主,占总阻力的64.81%;滤饼层的阻力为2.1×1012m-1,远小于ASMBR中的16.07×10"m-1;膜清洗周期是相同条件下ASMBR的2.43倍以上;而且AGMBR内不断有新颗粒生成,维持了AGMBR系统性能和运行的稳定.     

序批式膜生物反应器(SMBR)处理生活污水的研究

实验模拟生活污水,考察了连续式膜生物反应器(continuous membrane bioreactor,CMBR)和序批式膜生物反器(sequencing batch membrane bioreactor,SMBR)的膜污染和污染物去除效果.结果表明CMBR和SMBR出水COD的平均浓度分别为15.42 mg/L和...     

好氧颗粒污泥自生动态膜生物反应器处理碱减量印染废水

自生动态膜生物反应器(SFDMBR)接种颗粒污泥启动,研究溶解氧浓度和水力停留时间对该反应器处理碱减量印染废水的影响。自生动态膜生物反应器形成稳定的动态膜后,出水浊度小于10 NTU,系统对浊度的去除率在90%以上,溶解氧和水力停留时间对反应器出水浊度基本无影响。系统对废水色度的去除率随着溶解氧浓度的提高和水力停留时间的延长而增加,但是系统对色度的去除效率一般不超过40%。溶解氧浓度由0.3 mg/L逐渐增大至2.4 mg/L,COD的去除率由40%提升至80%,而当溶解氧浓度大于1.0 mg/L后,UV254的去除率达到95%。水力停留时间在8~48 h时,COD去除效率由65%逐渐上升至85%左右;水力停留时间在8~32 h,UV254去除效率为68%~93%,超过32 h后水力停留时间对UV254去除效率的影响已不明显。     

膜生物反应器(MBR)-反渗透(RO)工艺深度处理印染废水的实验研究

采用膜生物反应器（MBR）-反渗透（RO）工艺对印染废水进行了深度处理实验。原水经MBR系统处理后，COD去除率、ss去除率和色度去除率分别达89．9％、100％和87．5％。MBR系统处理出水进入反渗透（RO）系统进行处理，硬度去除率和除盐率分别达99．62％和99．64％，同时可进一步除去剩余的COD、色度。系统出水水质满足生产回用的要求。     

有机负荷对膜-生物反应器硝化性能的影响

采用厌氧动态膜-生物反应器(AnDMBR)组合自养膜-生物反应器(MBR)工艺,研究冬季低温条件下系统的硝化效果以及TP的去除效果,并与单级MBR工艺进行对比。结果表明:(1)AnDMBR对COD的去除率基本保持在50%～60%,AnDMBR组合自养MBR工艺对COD的去除率为80%～85%;单级MBR工艺对COD的去除率为80%左右。(2)总体上,AnDMBR组合自养MBR工艺对NH4+-N的去除率大于95%;单级MBR对NH4+-N的去除效果比AnDMBR组合自养MBR工艺差。(3)AnDMBR组合自养MBR工艺中,出水NO2--N与NO3--N均有积累;单级MBR工艺中,出水NO2--N积累不明显。(4)相对于亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB),氨氧化菌(AOB)对有机负荷更敏感,当有机负荷高时,AOB更易受到异养菌活动的抑制;当有机负荷降低、异养菌活性减弱时,AOB活性明显增强,系统的硝化效果得到明显改善。(5)AnDMBR组合自养MBR工艺对TP的去除率高于80%,单级MBR工艺稳定后对TP的去除率仅为20%～30%。(6)从呼吸速率和硝化速率可知,自养MBR的硝化效果优于单级MBR。     

Aerobic and anaerobic membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment.

An aerobic bioreactor and an anaerobic bioreactor, each coupled with a microfiltration membrane filter (MBR), were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) with primary effluent from the City of Elmhurst, Illinois, municipal-wastewater-treatment plant. The soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal performance of the anaerobic MBR system was similar to that of the aerobic MBR under the same operational conditions, without the added cost of aeration. The results indicated that the solids deposition rate on the membrane surface was lower in the case of anaerobic MBR compared to the aerobic MBR, indicating possible lower loss in water-flux rates. This research found that an anaerobic MBR is a feasible and economical option for municipal-wastewater-treatment plants seeking COD removal by a biological process followed by a separate nitrification and denitrification system.     

Treatment of bleach pulp mill effluent by MF-MBR

The types of treatment most commonly used by pulp mills are biological treatments in combination with sedimentation or coagulation/flocculation as pretreatment. The main issues faced by these types of treatment are low efficiency in the removal of organic matter and the loss of aggregate value for the recovered fiber. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the use of microfiltration (MF) combined with a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the treatment of bleach pulp mill effluents. The results showed that the use of the MF-MBR system was an excellent alternative for the treatment of bleach pulp mill effluents with an average COD removal of 95%. The microfiltration allowed the recovery of fibers, which can be returned to the production process without losing economic value, and produced a better quality effluent for further treatment in the MBR. The MBR presented high efficiency removal of organic matter.     

A/O+MBR工艺处理玉米深加工废水的中试研究

实验基于企业污水站的改造工程,研究了MBR对玉米深加工废水的处理效果并对工艺运行参数优化提出建议.结果表明,该工艺对COD的去除率可以达到90％以上,出水稳定在26 mg/L左右;出水NH4-N达到1 mg/L以下;TN去除率达到70％以上,出水TN达到10 mg/L以下,出水完全达到排放标准.通过4种工况的比较,说明在污泥浓度8 g/L左右,曝气池内DO在3 mg/L左右,MBR内DO＞4 mg/L,好氧段停留时间13.5 h,并保证3h以上的缺氧段水力停留段时间的条件下,A/O+ MBR工艺可以有效去除玉米深加工废水中的污染物.     

FOP-EGSB-MBR组合工艺处理2-萘酚生产废水

2-萘酚生产废水具有COD高、BOD/COD值低和生物毒件高的特点,采用FOP-EGSB-MBR组合工艺对其模拟废水进行处理工艺的研究.结果表明:废水经Fenton氧化处理后,可将出水BOD/COD值从0.01提高至0.67;再经过厌氧和好氧处理后,出水COD为100 mg/L以下;该组合上艺总的COD去除去可达99%,且运行性能稳定,效果可靠.     

MBR处理低浓度稠油废水

为解决稠油废水达标排放问题,构建了一套中试实验装置,以经过除油、浮选和过滤预处理的富含溶解性有机化合物、氮磷缺乏的低浓度难生化稠油废水为原水,进行了187 d的连续运行,结果表明,经过厌氧和好氧生物处理后,出水COD可降至80~100 mg/L以下,再经膜过滤后COD降至60~80 mg/L,加入少量的粉末活性炭进行吸附处理后,出水COD可稳定在50 mg/L以下;水力停留时间从72 h降至30 h时,出水COD基本无变化;气相色谱-质谱分析表明该系统容易去除的有机物为酮类、醇类等物质,而烷烃(C17~C25)和芳烃等为本工艺难降解物质,通过膜生物反应器工艺优化或选择专门降解菌如Acinetobacter spp.进行处理可进一步降低出水COD的浓度。     

膜生物反应器中新型无纺布膜过滤特性及膜污染特征

通过无纺布和聚偏氟乙烯平板膜组件在相同操作条件下的对比实验，研究无纺布膜的过滤特性。结果表明，2种膜的膜生物反应器COD、氨氮平均去除率均＞90%。过膜压力变化表明在长期运行条件下，无纺布可适于作为膜生物反应器的过滤介质，其过滤机理为膜表面滤饼层形成动态膜，从而增强了膜截留能力。膜污染研究表明，无纺布膜阻力主要来自滤饼层（占总阻力的83.6%），经清洗后膜通量可恢复至94%。扫描电镜显示膜表面滤饼层较厚，结合膜阻力分析结果认为，该滤饼层对膜污染和可逆性影响较大。对膜表面和膜孔中胞外聚合物（EPS）的红外分析证实，其中含有蛋白质和多糖物质，而且组分分析表明蛋白质是膜污染物EPS中的主要组分，在膜孔中的含量比滤饼层中还高。     

Design and startup of a membrane-biological-reactor system at a Ford-engine plant for treating oily wastewater.

A wastewater-treatment facility at Ford (Dearborn, Michigan) was recently upgraded from chemical de-emulsification to ultrafiltration (UF) followed by a membrane-biological reactor (MBR). This paper describes the design, startup, and initial operational performance of the facility. Primary findings are as follows: (1) the MBR proved resilient; (2) the MBR removed approximately 90% of chemical-oxygen demand (COD) after primary UF; (3) the removal of total Kjeldahl nitrogen by MBR appeared to be more sensitive to operating conditions than COD removal; (4) nitrification and denitrification were established in one month; (5) the MBR removed oil and grease and phenolics to below detection levels consistently, in contrast to widely fluctuating concentrations in the past; (6) permeate fluxes of the primary and MBR UF were adversely affected by inadvertent use of a silicone-based defoamer; and (7) zinc concentrations in the effluent increased, which might have been a result of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid used in membrane washing solutions and/or might have been within typical concentration ranges.     

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification with anoxic phosphorus uptake in a membrane bioreactor system.

The performance of an innovative membrane bioreactor (MBR) process using anoxic phosphorus uptake with nitrification and denitrification for the treatment of municipal wastewater with respect to operational performance and effluent quality is addressed in this paper. The system was operated at steady-state conditions with a synthetic acetate-based wastewater at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hours and on degritted municipal wastewater at a total system HRT of 6 hours. The MBR system was able to achieve 99% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia-nitrogen (NH4(+)-N); 98% total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN); and 97% phosphorus removal, producing effluent BOD, COD, NH4+-N, TKN, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, and phosphate-phosphorus of <3, 14, 0.2, 0.26, 5.8, 0.21, and <0.01 mg/L, respectively, at the 6-hour HRT. The comparison of the synthetic and municipal wastewater run is presented in this paper. Steady-state mass balance on municipal wastewater was performed to reveal some key features of the modified MBR system.