电镀污泥回收重金属的新工艺

合理、经济地处理混合电镀污泥,回收其中有价值的金属具有重要意义。以不同的酸作为浸出剂对电镀污泥中的金属进行了浸出效果实验。结果表明,在相同条件下,各酸的浸出效果顺序为:硫酸>盐酸>王水>硝酸;液体水与固体电镀污泥比为3,干污泥为5 g,硫酸加入量为15 mL,时间1 h条件下,混合电镀污泥中金属铜锌的浸出率最大,达到97.38%。分别采用铁和铁锰合金还原剂常温还原低熔点重金属离子铜、锌,浸出液中99%以上含量的铜、锌沉淀,使低熔点重金属与黑色金属铁、锰、铬有效分离。低熔点混合重金属可以用来做铜合金添加剂使用,最后沉淀的混合黑色金属氢氧化物处理后可以用来做炼钢合金添加剂使用。     

加盐蒸馏回收盐酸和混凝剂制备技术资源化利用盐酸酸洗废液

为了实现钢材酸洗废液的资源化,能够同时回收盐酸和铁盐,提出了加盐蒸馏回收盐酸与蒸馏母液制备聚铁混凝剂两段组合工艺相结合的技术。实验对质量浓度为9.28%的实际盐酸废液进行了研究,考察了添加盐的种类、盐的投加量和蒸馏量等因素对再生盐酸回收效果和聚铁混凝剂溶液混凝效果的影响。研究表明,氯盐可以明显改变氯化氢、水的相对挥发度,当CaCl2投加量为1 mol/L,体积蒸馏量在30%时,为此工艺的最佳条件。在此工艺条件下,再生盐酸质量浓度约22.3%;蒸馏母液制备得到的聚铁混凝剂溶液应用实验表明,对印染废水脱色效果良好。此工艺不仅实现了酸洗废液中残酸和铁离子的资源化利用,而且达到酸洗废液的零排放。     

炼铜烟灰制取高纯度硫酸锌

采用炼钢烟灰制取高纯度硫酸锌,研究了制取条件对收率和产品质量的影响,试验结果表明,控制适宜的酸浸条件,锌浸取率≥９８％,铁浸取率可控制在０．０２％以下,当酸浸工艺条件液固比为３：１,温度８０－９０℃,硫酸加入量３９ｇ／Ｌ（酸浸液）滴酸时间１．５ｈ浸取时间２ｈ,再用空气和过氧化氢氧化除去溶液中的铁,产品中硫酸锌含量≥９９％,铁含量可降至０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。     

脉冲电絮凝-混凝-吸附工艺预处理阳离子染料废水

采用脉冲电絮凝技术处理阳离子染料废水，出水添加混凝剂，比较了不同混凝沉淀的效果，同时考察了出水加入Fenton试剂的去除效果。实验结果表明，脉冲电絮凝反应的最佳实验条件是：进水pH值为5，停留时间为30min，电流为6A；出水采用吸附剂吸附，色度的总去除率可达99．9％以上。Fenton反应可有效去除色度和COD，当双氧水的加入量为5％时，总去除率分别为99．9％和47．6％。电絮凝可有效提高废水的可生化性，BOD，／COD值由0．26提高到0．47，提高了80．8％；该设计方案的基本运行处理费用为8．44元／t废水。     

电镀锌泥饼的酸浸条件对锌浸出率的影响

研究了含锌泥饼的浸出条件。试验结果表明，适宜的酸浸条件：浸取液终点pH值为5左右；液固化（3：1）－（4：1）；分段加酸时间为2h；搅拌速度为100－200r/min，在上述条件下用硫酸溶液进行常温浸取，锌浸出率可达98％，铁浸出率小于1％。     

锌冶炼废渣浸出液硫化法除砷的研究

以硫化钠为沉淀剂,将锌冶炼废渣浸出液中的砷以硫化砷的形式沉淀析出,实验考察了浸出液酸度、硫化钠加入量、反应时间等因素对除砷效率的影响.实验结果表明,当浸出液中游离H2SO4浓度为3 mol/L,Na2S·9H2O投加量为16.1 g/L(浸出液),反应时间为30 min时,浸出液中的砷去除率达到99.3%,较好地解决了...     

纳米聚硅酸铝锌絮凝剂的制备及应用

将制备出的聚硅酸铝锌絮凝剂纳米化，在正交实验和单因素优化的基础上，研究了表面活性剂硬脂酸钠的加入量、超声频率、超声时间及投加量对絮凝剂絮凝效果的影响，并且考察了pH、投加量对印染废水的处理效果的影响。结果表明，超声时间对絮凝效果影响最大，超声频率次之，硬脂酸钠含量影响最小。纳米聚硅酸铝锌絮凝剂的最佳制备条件为：表面活性剂硬脂酸钠加入量为0．1％、超声频率为40Hz、超声时间为60min；考虑处理费用，处理印染废水时pH=6～9、投加量为5mL／250mL时效果较好，浊度去除率可达98．5％，色度去除率可达97．4％。     

湿法回收砷碱渣中锑的工艺研究

本研究先以水浸实现砷碱渣中的砷锑分离，再对水浸渣进行盐酸浸出，得到了可作为工业原料氯化锑溶液。研究结果表明，在液固比为6：1，温度40℃，浸出时间40min的条件下，可使水浸过程中锑的浸出率低于3％，砷的浸出率达到99％；盐酸浸出中，控制酸浓度为1：1，液固比10：1，温度60℃，授出时间30min，能使锑的浸出率达到88％以上。经过水浸和盐酸浸出，锑的直接回收率为85．36％。     

Citrobacter sp.strain Y1S抑制煤矸石产酸及重金属释放的研究

从长期受煤矸石酸性废水污染的底泥中分离筛选出一株非传统硫酸盐还原菌Citrobacter sp. strain YS1(以下简称YS1),考察了菌株YS1对煤矸石产酸及重金属释放的抑制效应。结果表明，菌株YS1能有效抑制煤矸石产酸及重金属释放，加菌(SM)组煤矸石浸出液中Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd、Fe的浓度比空白对照(CK)组分别降低30.91%、42.12%、51.50%、56.25%、45.45%、34.02%。加菌+碳源(SMR)组的抑制效果更优，煤矸石浸出液中Zn、Cu、Cd均低于仪器检出限，Mn、Ni、Fe浓度相比CK组分别降低99.78%、98.75%、99.95%。SMR组的抑酸效果也更明显，可将煤矸石浸出液pH从5.45提升至7.88。菌株YS1可将SO■还原为S^2-,并与重金属离子生成固体硫化物覆盖在煤矸石表面，减缓煤矸石中黄铁矿氧化。YS1表面的多糖、蛋白以及脂质中的羟基、氨基等基团均可能参与了对重金属离子的络合作用。     

热镀锌厂酸洗废水和锌灰中回收硫化锌

从热镀锌厂的酸洗废水和锌灰中回收硫化锌,采用X射线能谱仪(EDS),X射线衍射仪(XRD),傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和场发射透射电镜(FETEM)表征样品ZnS性质,电感耦合等离子发射体(ICP-OES)分析上清液性质,并研究该反应动力学过程。EDS和ICP分析表明,样品ZnS纯度达到85.45%,其上清液含有高浓度铁,含量为2 g/L,可用于制备复合亚铁絮凝剂,而其他重金属离子浓度均低于电镀废水排放标准。XRD分析表明,样品ZnS是立方晶型,调节pH和采用滴加方式能有效改善样品ZnS的晶型。采用Scherrer公式计算晶体粒径,结果表明,晶粒大小在3~6 nm之间。FTIR分析表明,样品ZnS呈现良好的红外透明性,且温度、pH和滴加方式对样品的红外透光性基本没有影响。FETEM结合XRD图表明,该纳米晶呈片状,近似为球形,呈多层叠加,分散性不明显,有团聚现象。动力学实验表明,逆一级动力学方程适合描述硫化沉淀的反应动力学过程,活化能为39.04 kJ/mol,沉淀过程受化学反应和扩散联合控制。     

Hydrometallurgical recovery of zinc from ashes of automobile tire wastes

Study has been performed on the investigation of metal leaching behavior for fly and bottom ashes from automobile tire wastes using acid and alkaline solutions from both viewpoints of environmental protection and resource utilization. The two ashes were found to contain substantial amounts of zinc and iron along with small quantities of cobalt, manganese, magnesium, copper, titanium and aluminum. The fly ash contained a much larger amount of zinc than the bottom ash, and seems to be a promising secondary source for the metal. Effects of such experimental parameters as temperature, time and solid-liquid ratio on the leaching behavior were investigated. Using three mineral acids and citric acid, selective leaching of zinc was successfully attained; the concentration of zinc in the leach liquors from the fly ash reached as high as 20 g l(-1) while the iron leaching was much suppressed. Selective separation of zinc was also attained in the leaching with alkaline solutions, though the percent leaching was lower than that in the acid leaching. Moreover, solvent extraction and precipitation were applied to the metal-loaded leach liquors as downstream processing to evaluate the feasibility of zinc recovery.     

利用高炉瓦斯泥中的锌制备活性氧化锌的研究

利用高炉炼铁瓦斯泥中的锌,采用火法富集和湿法浸取制取活性氧化锌。考察了温度、时间对火法富集产品中氧化锌含量和原料瓦斯泥中锌挥发率的影响,确定了富集工艺的最佳条件为:在氮气氛围下,温度从常温以10℃/min升温至1 000℃并且在1 000℃下保持1 h,得到的富集产品中氧化锌含量82.24%;瓦斯泥中锌挥发率97%。同时考察了温度、氨水用量、碳酸氢铵用量和液固比等因素对氧化锌浸取率的影响。确定的最佳工艺条件为:浸取温度40℃,氨水用量为理论量的2倍,碳酸氢铵用量为理论量的2倍,液固比4∶1,浸取时间2 h,氧化锌浸取率达99.9%。湿法制得的活性前驱体碱式碳酸锌,经煅烧得到纯度为98.4%的活性氧化锌产品,氧化锌的总回收率达95.3%。     

含锌离子模拟废水沉淀研究及污泥表征

采用氢氧化钙、碳酸钠和硫化钠处理含锌废水,在溶液pH、锌离子浓度、颗粒粒径、颗粒Zeta电位、上清液浊度和污泥体积等指标测定的基础上,结合沉淀产物表征,探讨了沉淀剂用量对锌离子去除率的影响及沉淀机理。研究结果表明,n(Ca(OH)2∶n(Zn)=1.5,去除率达到最大值99.65%,n(Na2CO3)∶n(Zn)=1.5,去除率达到最大值99.89%,n(Na2S)∶n(Zn)=2.5,去除率达到最大值99.95%。X-射线衍射和热重分析表明,氢氧化钙与废水生成的沉淀物为碳酸钙和氧化锌,碳酸钠与废水生成的沉淀物为氧化锌和碱式碳酸锌,硫化钠与废水生成的沉淀物为硫化锌,这对污泥处理处置以及回收利用有指导意义。     

Stabilisation of MSWI bottom ash with sulphide-rich anaerobic effluent

Effluent of an anaerobic sulphate-reducing wastewater treatment process was used to stabilise bottom ash. The effect of stabilisation on the concentration and binding of Ca, P, S, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, and Mo were studied by comparing results of sequential extraction from fresh and stabilised bottom ash. The stabilisation treatment improved the retention of Ca, Cu, Pb, S, and Zn in bottom ash compared to a treatment with ion-exchanged water. In addition to retention, Cu, S, and Zn were accumulated from the anaerobic effluent in the bottom ash. Concentrations of As, Cr, and Mo remained on the same level, whereas leaching of P increased compared to control treatment with ion-exchanged water. Improved retention and accumulation were the result of increased binding to less soluble fractions. The highest increases were in the sulphide and organic carbon bound fraction and in the carbonate fraction. Enhanced carbonation was probably due to CO2 deriving from the degradation of organic carbon. Flushing of stabilised bottom ash with ion-exchanged water ensured that the observed changes were not easily reversed. Most of the sulphide in the anaerobic effluent was removed when it was passed through bottom ash. The objective was to study the feasibility of sulphide-rich anaerobic effluent in bottom ash stabilisation and changes in the binding of the elements during stabilisation. In addition, the ability of the process to remove sulphide from the effluent was observed.     

Phosphorus release from ash, dried sludge and sludge residue from supercritical water oxidation by acid or base

Leaching of ash and dried sewage sludge were investigated and compared with the leaching results of sludge residue from supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). This article focuses on how the composition of ash and sludge residues influences the extraction of phosphate and heavy metals and if different treatment temperatures of the sludge effect the leachability. Results showed that acid leaching gave a higher release of phosphate than alkaline leaching for all ash and sludge residue samples. Also, alkaline leaching dissolved phosphate with a lower metal contamination than acid leaching. Furthermore, it was found that iron had a low release at both alkaline and acid leaching from ash and from SCWO residue. The difference in composition of ash and sludge residue samples had no significant influence on release of phosphate at high concentrations of acid. Phosphate release from ash, dried sludge at 300 degrees C and SCWO residue showed similar results at 1M acid leaching. However, it seems to be easier to release phosphate from the SCWO residue than from the ash at low acid concentrations. SCWO residue showed higher release than the other ashes at 0.5M HCl. Results for alkaline leaching showed higher release from ash at 1M NaOH than from SCWO residue or from dried sludge at 300 degrees C. The leaching of phosphate from dried sludge seems to be temperature dependent, as the dried sludge treated at higher temperature showed less release of phosphate. It was found that the pre-treatment of the ash may be important for better release of phosphate.     

Zn/Fe体系湿法催化氧化高效脱除沼气中H2S的研究

提出了Zn/Fe体系湿法催化氧化脱除沼气中H₂S新工艺，阐述了反应机理、实验装置和工艺流程，考察了各单因素操作条件对H₂S脱除效率的影响，在此基础上进行的综合条件实验，脱硫效率都维持在99.6%以上，净化后沼气中H₂S含量低于国家标准。过程不消耗任何化工原料，不产生二次污染，体系无降解问题。     

危险废物焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化处理

以上海市某危险废物焚烧厂飞灰为研究对象,采用Na2S、FeSO4、Na3PO4、和Na3C3N3S34种不同类型化学稳定药剂对飞灰进行了稳定化处理,并应用XRD、IR、SEM和连续化学提取法等仪器和手段对Na3C3N3S3处理焚烧飞灰的产物进行分析研究。研究结果表明,Na3C3N3S3对飞灰中的重金属Cr、Pb、Zn的稳定效果最好,Na3PO4对Cr无明显稳定效果。稳定后产物表面变得致密化,Na3C3N3S3与重金属离子生成的沉淀物干燥后无明显晶型存在。经稳定处理后飞灰中的重金属形态由弱酸提取态转化为可氧化态,减少了飞灰中重金属的浸出毒性。     

钒钛磁铁矿制备絮凝剂用于有机污水处理的研究

以钒钛磁铁矿为原料,利用盐酸浸出工艺制备铁、钛、钒三元絮凝剂,对工艺条件进行优化后用于处理模拟有机污水,并与聚合氯化铁(PFC)的絮凝效果进行对比.结果表明:在浸出时间为4 h、浸出温度为80℃、液固质量比为5、盐酸初始质量分数为20％时,浸出效果最佳,钒、铁、钛的浸出率分别为99.98％、97.77％、10.41％;...