电絮凝法处理石油裂化催化剂废水

针对石油裂化催化剂废水高盐高浊、水质水量变化大的特点,采用电絮凝工艺对其进行处理,并对初始p H、极板间距、电流密度及电解时间等工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,电絮凝法对石油裂化催化剂废水有较好的除浊效果,在最优工艺参数(初始p H=8,极板间距为1.5 cm,电流密度为25 m A/cm2,电解时间为40 min)条件下,电絮凝对废水浊度和SS的去除率分别在97%和95%以上,出水浊度和SS分别低于5 NTU和15 mg/L;电絮凝过程平均电耗为0.723(k W·h)/m3,铝阳极平均损耗为0.1497 kg/m3,主要成本为铝阳极损耗。电絮凝法适于石油裂化催化剂废水的处理,可操作性强,应用前景良好。     

电解絮凝法处理老龄垃圾渗滤液的实验研究

为考察简便低耗的电解材料处理效果,采用铸铁阳极电解絮凝法对老龄垃圾渗滤液进行了处理,通过正交实验和单因素实验考察了电解液浓度、电流密度、pH、极板间距对处理效果的影响.结果表明,电解絮凝法对该老龄垃圾渗滤液有较好的处理效果,当电流密度为50 mA/cm2、pH值为9、极板间距为2 cm、电解75 min后,COD和NH...     

电芬顿法去除兰炭废水COD

为处理高浓度生物难降解兰炭废水,考查了利用不锈钢作阳极和石墨气体扩散电极作阴极构成的电芬顿体系对兰炭废水COD的去除效果。系统地考察了空气流速、电流密度、溶液pH值及极板间距等因素对废水COD去除率的影响。电解过程的较佳条件:空气流速为2.5 L/min;电流密度为5.2 mA/cm2;溶液pH值为3;极板间距为2 cm。电芬顿法处理兰炭废水240 min之后,COD最高去除率可达78.62%,实现了对兰炭废水的预处理,为兰炭废水的处理提供了新的途径。     

电絮凝处理三次采油废水

采用电絮凝技术对含PAM的三次采油废水进行处理,研究了不同极板、pH、电流密度、极板间距、搅拌速度、反应时间以及极性交换周期对大庆三次采油废水处理效果的影响。通过处理效果和成本分析,铝作为极板时处理效果要优于铁板,最佳实验条件下COD去除率达到了94.6%。同时对三次采油废水的主要性质和电絮凝处理三次采油废水的作用机理进行了分析,发现COD主要通过絮凝沉降作用去除,而电化学氧化作用和气浮作用对COD的去除效果并不显著。与普通化学混凝法相比,电絮凝处理三次采油废水在处理效果和成本方面有着独特的优势。     

双铝电极电絮凝处理高含氟地下水的影响因素及动力学分析

为探求电絮凝处理高含氟地下水工艺技术参数及其除氟动力学,采用双铝电极电絮凝装置处理人工模拟高含氟地下水,研究了双铝电絮凝除氟过程及其除氟动力学模型,分别考察了电流密度、pH、极板间距及初始氟浓度对电絮凝除氟过程影响。结果表明,电絮凝除氟过程符合一级反应动力学模型,理论所需除氟时间取决于初始氟浓度和除氟动力学常数,而除氟动力学常数受电流密度、极板间距和初始氟浓度影响;当电流密度为300 A·m~(-3),pH为6.0～7.0,极间距为10 mm时,双铝电絮凝除氟能效最高,氟离子去除率为89.56%,能耗为0.157 8 kWh·g~(-1);但较高的初始氟浓度容易使铝氟比下降,导致除氟效果下降,不利于除氟过程。以上结果可为电絮凝处理高含氟地下水工程化应用和除氟反应器开发提供参考。     

RuO2-IrO2-SnO2/Ti阳极电催化氧化苯酚的研究

以RuO2-IrO2-SnO2/Ti钛网电极为阳极,RuO2-IrO2/Ti钛网电极为阴极,构建了电催化氧化体系,同时以苯酚为底物、硫酸钠为电解质,考察了不同pH、极板间距、电流密度和苯酚初始浓度对苯酚去除率的影响。结果表明,在pH为6.5、极板间距为1.0cm、电流密度为50mA/cm2、苯酚初始质量浓度为1 000mg/L的最佳实验条件下,取硫酸钠质量浓度为20g/L的苯酚模拟废水250mL,120min时苯酚去除率可以达到98.4%。     

脉冲电强化微电解对铅锌浮选废水中锌和丁基黄药的去除

研究了脉冲电强化微电解流化床技术去除铅锌浮选废水中的锌及丁基黄药,考察不同溶液初始pH值和反应器中不同电流密度、脉冲周期及极板间距对模拟废水中锌和丁基黄药的去除效果,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射能谱仪(XRD)进行填料表面特征、物相和形态分析,并对废水中锌和丁基黄药的去除过程和降解途径进行探究。结果表明,在pH值为4、电流密度为20 m A·cm~(-2)、脉冲周期为2 s、极板间距为5 mm的最佳条件下,废水中锌和丁基黄药去除率分别达99.53%和99.03%。锌主要通过电催化还原沉积和铁羟基聚合物絮凝去除,而丁基黄药则被体系电催化原位生成的H_2O_2、羟基自由基氧化降解矿化,以及铁羟基聚合物絮凝去除。     

三维电催化氧化技术处理草铵膦农药废水

选用石墨板作为三维电催化装置的阳极、不锈钢板作为阴极,以活性炭颗粒作为粒子电极进行反应,研究了三维电催化氧化技术处理草铵膦农药废水的效果;并考察了电流密度、极板间距、电解时间、初始浓度、pH值和粒子电极用量等因素对其处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在废水初始浓度为300 mg·L~(-1),反应时间为90 min,极板间距为4 cm,pH值为5,电流密度为31.5 m A·cm-2,粒子电极的用量为3.08 g·L~(-1)的条件下,废水的COD去除率为83.48%。三维电催化氧化技术通过减小粒子间距改善电荷传质效果;电流效率的提高也促使废水的处理效果显著提升。     

电絮凝处理煤层气产出水

采用电絮凝法处理煤层气产出水,通过铁和铝2种电极材料的处理效果的比较,选择铝电极进行实验,研究了电极间距、原水pH值以及电流密度等因素对电絮凝处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,电絮凝法对煤层气产出水的化学需氧量(COD)和固体悬浮物(SS)具有良好的去除效果,原水pH接近中性时处理效果较好,电絮凝处理过程中不需添加可溶性盐和改变pH值。实验中确定的电絮凝处理条件为:电极间距1 cm,电流密度30 A/m2,反应10 min后,出水的COD、SS分别为9.6 mg/L和8.5 mg/L,去除率分别达到75.1%和88.8%,出水pH为7.8,电能消耗为1.75 kWh/m3。     

三电极系统处理含藻水

以铝、掺硼金刚石为阳极,不锈钢为阴极构建三电极系统处理含藻水,考察了电流密度、通电时间、沉降时间、初始pH、极板间距对处理效果的影响。结果表明,各因素对藻的去除率的影响顺序为:电流密度通电时间沉降时间初始pH极板间距,而且电流密度2 m A·cm~(-2),通电时间为30 min,沉降时间为15 min,pH=6,极板间距取1.0 cm为实验的最优工况点。     

Treatment of refectory oily wastewater by electro-coagulation process

Electro-coagulation was used to treat refectory wastewater with high oil and grease contents. Different operational conditions were examined, including pH, current density, reaction time, conductivity, electrode distance and inlet concentration. The optimum current density was 10-14 A m(-2) within 30 min depending on the wastewater properties tested. Conductivity had little effect on the treatment efficiency. Although the addition of extra salts (e.g., sodium chloride) to the wastewater did not help increase the pollutant removal efficiency, it could save the power consumption significantly. The COD(Cr) and oil removal efficiency descended with increasing electrode distance. The optimal electrode distance was determined to be 10 mm for this equipment in consideration of the treatment cost and efficiency together. The pH effect on the performance of the electro-coagulation process was not very significant in the range of 3-10. The removal efficiency of oil and COD(Cr) under normal condition exceeded 95% and 75%, respectively.     

脉冲电絮凝法处理黄连素废水

以Fe为电极,采用脉冲电絮凝法对实际黄连素制药废水进行处理。为了确定脉冲电絮凝法处理黄连素废水最优工艺条件,选择占空比、电流密度、脉冲频率、电极间距和pH等5个因素,开展了正交实验研究。对正交实验结果进行极差与方差分析,确定了各因素的显著性及优选条件。结果表明,各因素对废水COD去除率影响程度依次为:占空比>pH>电极间距>脉冲频率>电流密度;对黄连素去除率影响程度依次为:占空比>pH>电流密度>脉冲频率>电极间距。最优工艺条件为电极间距为1.5 cm,电流密度为16.7 mA/cm2(电流3.5 A,电压11.2 V),占空比为0.4,脉冲频率为0.1 kHz,pH为10,此时废水的COD与黄连素的去除率分别为61%与74%。     

The efficiency of electrocoagulation in treating wastewater from a dairy industry, part I: iron electrodes

Iron electrodes were used for electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of wastewater from a dairy plant. Electrolysis time, pH, current density and distance between electrodes were considered to assess the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS) and their fractions and turbidity. Samples were collected from the effluent of a dairy plant using a sampling methodology proportional to the flow. The treatments were applied according to design factorial of half fraction with two levels of treatments and three repetitions at the central point. The optimization of parameters for treating dairy industry effluent by electrocoagulation using iron electrodes showed that electric current application for 15 minutes, an initial sample pH close to neutral (pH 7.0) and a current density of 50 A (.)(m-2) resulted in a significant reduction in COD by 58 %; removal of turbidity, suspended solids and volatile suspended solids by 95 %; and a final treated effluent pH of approximately 9.5. Negative consequences of the type of electrode used were the emergence of an undesirable color and an increase in the proportion of dissolved solids in the treated effluent.     

三维电极法处理钻井废水影响因素分析

采取电化学法处理某钻井废水,考察了三维电极系统处理钻井废水时,废水浓度、电流密度、处理时间、电解质浓度和pH值对废水COD降解率的影响,实验结果表明,三维电极法处理钻井废水效果显著;增大电流密度、提高电解质浓度和延长处理时间能使COD去除率提高;最佳pH值为9。正交实验得到最优水平组合为A2B3C2D3E4,在此条件下COD去除率为86.56%。     

活性炭三维电极法处理超高盐榨菜腌制废水

将粒状活性炭作为三维电极的粒子电极处理超高盐榨菜腌制废水。采用静态实验，对比了二维电极与三维电极对该废水COD和磷酸盐的去除效果，考察了三维电极条件下极板间距、活性炭填充量、电解时间、电解电流及初始pH等对该废水COD和磷酸盐去除率的影响。结果表明：三维电极对超高盐榨菜腌制废水COD和磷酸盐的去除率明显高于二维电极；在原水pH（4．3—5．0），废水体积600mL，电流8A，活性炭填充量250g，极板间距6．5cm，电解时间150min时，处理效果良好，COD和磷酸盐去除率分别为76．47％和97．81％。由波长扫描图可初步认为部分有机物直接被氧化为二氧化碳。     

The efficiency of electrocoagulation in treating wastewater from a dairy industry,Part I: Iron electrodes

Iron electrodes were used for electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of wastewater from a dairy plant. Electrolysis time, pH, current density and distance between electrodes were considered to assess the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS) and their fractions and turbidity. Samples were collected from the effluent of a dairy plant using a sampling methodology proportional to the flow. The treatments were applied according to design factorial of half fraction with two levels of treatments and three repetitions at the central point. The optimization of parameters for treating dairy industry effluent by electrocoagulation using iron electrodes showed that electric current application for 15 minutes, an initial sample pH close to neutral (pH 7.0) and a current density of 50 A ^{. m?2} resulted in a significant reduction in COD by 58 %; removal of turbidity, suspended solids and volatile suspended solids by 95 %; and a final treated effluent pH of approximately 9.5. Negative consequences of the type of electrode used were the emergence of an undesirable color and an increase in the proportion of dissolved solids in the treated effluent.     

垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水的深度处理组合工艺

采用"混凝-电解氧化-完全混合式活性污泥法(CSTR)"组合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水。探索了工艺的组合及各种工艺操作条件对垃圾渗滤液深度处理效果的影响,并对其影响机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,以PAC为混凝剂时,在pH和药剂(有效成分)投加量分别为6.0和600 mg/L条件下,渗滤液COD去除率达到50%,有效降低了难溶惰性COD含量,缩短了后续电化学处置时间。混凝工艺后,采用电化学工艺处理,在最优工艺条件下:pH为6.0、电流I为1.2 A(电流密度为18.18 mA/cm2)、Cl-投加量为1 000 mg/L、极板距离为2 cm,电解30 min渗滤液COD去除率达到36%,同时,难降解有毒物含量明显降低,渗滤液可生化性TbOD/COD由10%提升至最大值64%。最后采用CSTR处理渗滤液电解出水,系统出水COD、氨氮和色度分别为100~150 mg/L、7~13 mg/L和25倍,为反渗透(RO)工序提供了良好的水质条件。     

生物质材料预处理餐饮废水

采用4种廉价的生物质材料（水葫芦、柚子皮、木屑、核桃壳）用于餐饮废水的预处理。通过静态烧杯实验，研究了各生物质材料预处理废水的效果及最佳处理条件。结果表明，生物质材料对废水中COD的去除率均在45％以上，油脂吸附量为4～16mg／g，最优吸附材料为水葫芦，COD去除率达65％，油脂吸附量为16mg／g；水葫芦和柚子皮的最佳处理条件为：粒径〈0．2mm，投加量为20g／L，废水pH为4，处理时间为2h，温度为20℃；木屑和核桃壳的最佳实验条件为：粒径〈0．2mm，投加量为28g／L，pH为2，处理时间为2．5h，温度为20℃。生物质对餐饮废水的预处理，为废水中大量有机物和废弃油脂的去除提供了新思路和途径。