固定化改性蒙脱土对苯酚吸附性能的研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对天然蒙脱土进行改性，并用聚乙烯醇对改性蒙脱土进行固定化处理，然后进行柱状吸附和振荡条件的吸附试验。研究结果表明，HDTMA改性蒙脱土固定化后能有效吸附苯酚，不同环境条件对苯酚的柱状吸附能力产生不同的影响。在pH4～8的范围内，固定化改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附效果无显著性差异，pH在10以上．其吸附能力明显下降；温度对吸附效果影响不大；进水苯酚浓度越高，改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附量越大，但出水苯酚浓度也高；苯酚的流速越小，吸附容量越高，吸附效果越好。     

不同黏土对盐酸环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的吸附特性

研究了不同振荡时间、溶液pH和金属离子浓度条件下,蒙脱土和硅藻土对水溶液中盐酸环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的吸附特性及其吸附动力学。结果表明,蒙脱土和硅藻土对抗生素的吸附均在4 h达到吸附平衡;强酸、强碱均有利于蒙脱土对盐酸环丙沙星的吸附,中性和碱性不利于蒙脱土对诺氟沙星的吸附;pH的升高不利于硅藻土对盐酸环丙沙星的吸附,强酸、强碱条件有利于硅藻土对诺氟沙星的吸附。pH≤6时,Na+和K+对吸附效果影响不大;pH=10时,Na+和K+显著降低2种吸附剂对抗生素的去除率。Ni2+有利于蒙脱土吸附盐酸环丙沙星,但不利于吸附诺氟沙星,不利于硅藻土在中性条件对抗生素的吸附。由吸附动力学可知,2种吸附剂对抗生素的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型。     

木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能研究

利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)方法,对木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构进行表征,并研究了溶液pH、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、吸附时间和吸附温度对木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明:(1)木质纤维素和蒙脱土复合后形成了插层一剥离型的纳米复合材料；(2)在溶液pH为2、Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为100mg/L、吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为180 min的条件下,木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量达5.72mg/g;(3)木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合伪二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温式.     

羧甲基纤维素/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料对刚果红的吸附与解吸性能

羧甲基纤维素(CMC)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料作为吸附剂应用于废水处理,对其结构进行了表征并对吸附时间、染料初始浓度、染料pH对该吸附剂吸附染料刚果红的影响进行了研究,同时探讨了吸附动力学和吸附热力学。结果表明,羧甲基纤维素与有机蒙脱土已经很好地复合,在吸附温度为30℃条件下,当吸附时间为4 h,染料初始浓度为800 mg/L,染料pH=10时吸附剂对染料表现出较好的吸附效果,吸附量可达156.64 mg/g。吸附符合伪二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温式。分别借助振荡器和超声波对吸附饱和的吸附剂进行解吸,研究解吸时间对吸附剂解吸实验的影响,结果表明,超声波条件下的解吸效果(34.45%)好于无超声波条件(15.69%),超声波有助于提高解吸率。     

超声波有机改性凹凸棒土的苯酚吸附性能研究

采用超声波技术,对凹凸棒土进行有机改性,提高凹凸棒土的苯酚吸附能力,比较了不同的阳离子表面活性剂的改性效果,并且通过正交实验得出了超声波改性的最优化工艺条件为:十八烷基三甲基氯化铵的添加比例为35mmol/100g,超声波处理时间10min,屏极电流0·5A。在此条件下,苯酚去除率可达酸处理凹凸棒土的80倍以上,是搅拌有机改性的1.5倍。     

环糊精改性沸石制备方法及对对-硝基苯酚吸附性能的影响

在碱性条件下,β-环糊精与2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵合成了阳离子化的β-环糊精(CCD),并用于改性沸石获得环糊精改性沸石(CDMZ).研究了CCD合成条件对CDMZ吸附对.硝基苯酚性能的影响.结果表明,在2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵与β-环糊精的配比为7:1,溶液pH=13的合成条件下,合成的CCD改性沸石所得CDMZ对对-硝基苯酚的吸附能力最佳.同时研究了沸石改性前的活化处理,CCD改性沸石的初始浓度和改性时间对CDMZ吸附对-硝基苯酚性能的影响.实验表明,改性前用NaCl溶液活化沸石有助于CDMZ吸附性能的改善;当CCD改性沸石的初始浓度和改性时间分别为15 g/L(以β-环糊精计)和8 h时,所得CDMZ对对-硝基苯酚(120 mg/L)的吸附能力可达263.7μg/g.     

超声波有机改性凹凸棒土的苯酚吸附性能研究

采用超声波技术,对凹凸棒土进行有机改性,提高凹凸棒土的苯酚吸附能力,比较了不同的阳离子表面活性剂的改性效果,并且通过正交实验得出了超声波改性的最优化工艺条件为：十八烷基三甲基氯化铵的添加比例为35 mmol/100 g,超声波处理时间10 min,屏极电流0.5 A.在此条件下,苯酚去除率可达酸处理凹凸棒土的80倍以上,是搅拌有机改性的1.5倍.     

CTMAB-改性矿化垃圾吸附苯酚性能的研究

文中研究采用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对矿化垃圾进行改性,利用CTMAB-改性矿化垃圾对苯酚溶液进行吸附,在单因素法条件下得到其对苯酚最佳吸附条件为:(1)改性矿化垃圾吸附平衡时间为15 min;(2)改性矿化垃圾吸附性能均随着pH值升高而降低;(3)40℃以下温度对改性矿化垃圾吸附效果影响不大。本研究还进行了等温吸附方程拟合,并对矿化垃圾和CTMAB-改性矿化垃圾对苯酚的吸附条件和吸附性能进行了比较,结果表明,矿化垃圾和改性矿化垃圾对苯酚的吸附采用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程拟合度较好,而Temkin方程拟合度较差,改性矿化垃圾吸附性能优于未改性矿化垃圾。     

季铵化木屑纤维素的制备及其对水中苯酚的吸附性能研究

以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为醚化剂，对木屑纤维素进行了改性。探讨了改性木屑纤维素用量、pH值、吸附温度、吸附时间和苯酚初始浓度等因素对静态吸附效果的影响。结果表明，木屑纤维素经改性后，对水中的苯酚的吸附过程存在化学吸附，对水中的苯酚的吸附容量得到明显提高。     

固定化微生物法处理对氯苯酚废水的研究

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)-硼酸法制作固定化活性污泥小球,用正交试验确定降解对氯苯酚的固定化活性污泥的最优化条件.从温度、浓度和pH 3方面比较了固定化活性污泥和游离活性污泥对对氯苯酚降解效果的影响.研究表明:固定化活性污泥降解对氯苯酚的最适宜温度为25～35℃,最适pH为6～8;固定化活性污泥对对氯苯酚的降解速度大于游离活性污泥.     

The sedimentation capabilities of hexadecyltrimethylammonium-modified montmorillonites

Natural montmorillonite was modified with a quaternary ammonium compound, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA). The sedimentation capabilities of unmodified and modified montmorillonites were then investigated. The sedimentation velocity of modified montmorillonites increased if the amounts of adsorbed HDTMA were from 0.3 to 1.0 times the cation exchange capacitity (CEC). It also emerged that the sedimentation capability of modified montmorillonites was improved and that the variously CEC-modified montmorillonites had similar sedimentation capabilities after they had sorbed organic matter from oily wastewater. Thus, modified montmorillonites (especially 0.5 CEC treatment) had good sedimentation capabilities for sorbing organic substance and can act as carriers in wastewater biotreatment.     

Comparison of modified montmorillonite adsorbents. Part I: Preparation,characterization and phenol adsorption

This study concerns with the development of modified montmorillonites as adsorbents for water treatment. Polymeric aluminium and iron intercalated forms of montmorillonites have been prepared in the absence and presence of an alkylammonium cationic surfactant (Hexdecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide, HDTMA). Montmorillonites intercalated with polymeric Al, Fe, Fe/Al (2:1 Fe to Al ratio in solution), possess large N2 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas. XRD data also shows trace amounts of illite and plagioclase within the clay materials. Montmorillonites intercalated with HDTMA, polymeric Fe/HDTMA, polymeric Al/HDTMA and polymeric Fe/Al/HDTMA (1:1 metal to surfactant molar ratio in solution) undergo some losses of N2 BET surface areas. Preliminary adsorption studies on phenol have shown that polymeric Al/HDTMA- and HDTMA-only-modified montmorillonites possess a good affinity for phenol, whereas the polymeric Al/Fe modified- and starting montmorillonites have little affinity for phenol adsorption.     

淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附性能研究

以可溶性淀粉为原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,通过反相悬浮聚合得到淀粉微球作为吸附载体,研究了pH、吸附时间、温度对其苯酚吸附性能的影响,以及淀粉微球吸附苯酚的热力学和动力学特性,并利用扫描电镜仪、红外光谱仪对淀粉微球的结构进行了表征。结果表明,淀粉微球粒度分布均匀,表面粗糙多孔,具有相当大的孔容积和比表面积,具有较好的吸附性能;在20℃、pH为5.3时,吸附30 min后,淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附容量达到饱和,最大吸附量为18.71 mg/g;采用准二级吸附动力学方程能更好地描述淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附行为,淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附是以化学吸附为主控步骤的作用过程,淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附主要是通过氢键作用来完成的。     

Effect of modified montmorillonites on the biodegradation and adsorption of biomarkers such as hopanes, steranes and diasteranes

The effect of modified montmorillonites on the biodegradation and adsorption of selected steranes, diasteranes and hopanes was investigated in aqueous clay/oil microcosm experiments with a hydrocarbon degrading microorganism community. The unmodified montmorillonite was treated with didecyldimethylammonium bromide, hydrochloric acid and the relevant metallic chloride to produce organomontmorillonite, acid activated montmorillonite and homoionic montmorillonite respectively which were used in this study. The study indicated that organomontmorillonite, acid activated montmorillonite and potassium montmorillonite did not support the biodegradation of the selected steranes, diasteranes and hopanes as alteration of the biomarkers via biodegradation varied from a paltry 2–6 %. The adsorption of the selected biomarkers on acid activated montmorillonite and organomontmorillonite was also poor. However, adsorption of the biomarkers on potassium montmorillonite was relatively high. Sodium montmorillonite and unmodified montmorillonite appear to stimulate the biodegradation of the selected biomarkers moderately (30–35 %) with adsorption occurring at low level. Calcium montmorillonite and ferric montmorillonite effected significant biodegradation (51–60 %) of the selected biomarkers.     

铁镍改性膨润土对废水中有机污染物的吸附性能研究

以钠基膨润土为原料,制备了铁镍无机改性土和铁镍有机复合改性土,并应用于造纸废水的处理,探讨了改性土用量、废水pH值、搅拌时间等因素对COD去除率的影响,通过正交实验对实验条件进行了优化.结果表明:铁镍有机复合改性土和铁镍元机改性土对废水的处理效果明显好于原土;膨润土的用量、废水的pH对COD的去除率影响较大;对于铁镍无机改性土,吸附剂用量为12g/L,溶液pH=2,吸附时间为10 min时,对废水中COD的去除率为54.06%;对于铁镍有机复合改性土,吸附剂用量为14g/L,溶液pH=3,吸附时间为20 min时,对废水中COD的去除率为70.10%.     

铁镍改性膨润土对废水中有机污染物的吸附性能研究

以钠基膨润土为原料,制备了铁镍无机改性土和铁镍有机复合改性土,并应用于造纸废水的处理,探讨了改性土用量、废水pH值、搅拌时间等因素对COD去除率的影响,通过正交实验对实验条件进行了优化.结果表明：铁镍有机复合改性土和铁镍元机改性土对废水的处理效果明显好于原土;膨润土的用量、废水的pH对COD的去除率影响较大;对于铁镍无机改性土,吸附剂用量为12g/L,溶液pH=2,吸附时间为10 min时,对废水中COD的去除率为54.06%;对于铁镍有机复合改性土,吸附剂用量为14g/L,溶液pH=3,吸附时间为20 min时,对废水中COD的去除率为70.10%.     

纳米有机膨润土对苯酚的吸附性能研究

通过对天然膨润土改性,制备纳米有机膨润土并用于吸附苯酚,探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH、纳米有机膨润土投加量等因素对苯酚吸附的影响。结果表明,吸附在5 min内快速达到平衡,溶液pH可以影响苯酚在溶液中的状态,是影响苯酚吸附性能的重要因素。纳米有机膨润土吸附苯酚的过程可用伪二级反应动力学方程来描述,伪二级吸附速率常数为1.3 g/(mg.min)。吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温方程,在25℃时,Langmuir理论最大吸附容量可达到536.32 mg/g,吸附热力学参数表明吸附过程是自发的、放热的物理吸附过程。     

Photochemical formation of hydroxyl radicals catalyzed by montmorillonite

In this work, the photooxidation of benzene and the formation of phenol in aqueous suspensions of the iron-rich montmorillonite under irradiation of a 250W metal halide lamp (lambda> or = 365nm) were investigated. We confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (()OH) were produced by illuminating montmorillonite and was responsible for the photooxidation of benzene in aqueous suspensions of montmorillonite. Low pH value facilitated the formation of hydroxyl radicals in the pH range of 2.0-10.0. The ()OH concentration increased with increasing the concentration of montmorillonite in aqueous solutions in the range of 0-20.0gl(-1). Higher concentration like 25.0gl(-1) montmorillonite inhibited the ()OH production. Iron, predominantly free iron in the clays, is believed to be one of the most important factors determining ()OH formation. Structural irons in montmorillonite have contributions to ()OH formation, especially in the presence of carboxylate ions. The formation of ()OH from montmorillonite under irradiation of near UV and visible light indicates that clays might play important role not only in transfer through adsorption but also in transformation through oxidation of organic compounds on the surface of clay particles in air, water, soil or even top sediments.     

钢渣吸附处理苯酚废水的研究

采用恒温振荡的方法,考察了钢渣粒径、吸附温度、振荡速度、溶液pH值、溶液初始浓度对苯酚去除率的影响。结果表明,在粒径为120~180目、pH=4.0、苯酚溶液浓度在500 mg/L以内、苯酚/钢渣质量比为1∶1 000时吸附效果最好。钢渣对苯酚的吸附能较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线,线性相关系数分别为0.9971和0.9916,吸附机理为表面吸附。