共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
2.
本文从环糊精对有机污染物的增溶作用:环糊精用于环境中有机污染物的富集和去除;环糊精对有机污染物降解过程的影响;环糊精衍生物去除土壤中的重金属;环糊精对污染物生物活性的影响等几个方面讨论了环糊精在环境科学方面的应用。 相似文献
3.
4.
再生水经深度处理后资源化回用是缓解水资源紧缺问题的有效途径之一。由于微量有机污染物的持久性与累积性,所以其在再生水及地下水中也有检出,且在极低浓度下能对人体健康及生态环境产生不利影响。人工复合土层利用物理、化学吸附、生物降解等作用实现污染物的去除,具有投资少、运行成本低、操作简单等优点,去除能力与污染物的迁移转化规律密切相关。目前对复合土层系统的研究主要包括渗滤介质、系统复氧方式、微生物特性、堵塞问题、运行方式,但主要集中在对常规污染物的去除,对水体中微量有毒有害污染物的研究缺乏。提高复合土层系统对再生水中微量有机污染物去除的稳定性及持久性,在实际工程应用中具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
持久性有机污染物分析和处理技术研究进展 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
阐述了持久性有机污染物(POPs)的特性、POPs对人体健康和生态环境的危害及其判定基准,综述了其分析和研究方法及治理技术,归纳了POPs的研究内容。 相似文献
6.
钢铁行业是无意排放持久性有机污染物(POPs)的主要污染源,为切实履行《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》,加快行业POPs控制技术推广应用,通过文献调研、企业考察、专家访谈等,对钢铁行业主要POPs控制技术的应用状况及扩散途径进行了研究。探讨POPs控制技术扩散的主要影响因素,包括政策标准变化以及市场竞争压力等驱动因素,以及相关环境管理和资金保障缺乏、技术不完善等障碍因素。提出了行业POPs控制技术扩散的保障机制,包括环境管理、技术支撑和资金支持机制。 相似文献
7.
8.
影响有机污染物在土壤中的迁移、转化行为的因素 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文介绍了有机污染物在土壤中的吸附与解吸附、渗滤、挥发和降解等行为过程。探讨了吸附与解吸附机理、土壤有机质含量和类型、水分含量及温度等对此过程的影响。依据某些典型的化合物行为模型,论述了影响土壤中有机污染物渗滤的因素。有机污染物需要先从土壤深层迁移至地表,然后挥发至大气,在土壤中迁移的速率较慢,控制着整个挥发过程,可用Fick 第二定律来描述。有机污染物在土壤中的非生物降解主要包括氧化- 还原、光解和水解等反应。土壤中的O2 含量、土壤有机质成分和含量、辐射强度、光谱分布、土壤水分含量、温度和pH 值等都会影响非生物降解过程。其中有些因素通过影响微生物的生物活性,还影响有机污染物的生物降解 相似文献
9.
抗生素制药废水有机污染物分布特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用气相色谱/质谱法对β-内酰胺类抗生素制药废水中有机污染物进行了定性与定量分析,得到了废水中有机污染物的种类、相对含量及分子量分布特性.通过理论COD计算公式,计算分析了废水中有机污染物对COD指标的贡献程度.结果表明,该类废水中含有84种有机物,其中以胺类、烷烃类和烯烃类有机物的相对含量最高.有机污染物的分子量集中在100~400,分子量小于100或大于500的有机物含量相对较低,其中分子量在100~200的有机物含量最大.通过对比有机污染物的理论COD贡献度可知,胺类、烷烃类和烯烃类有机物含量对废水污染负荷影响最大.根据有机物污染源分析,提出了此类抗生素制药废水合理化处理的生产工艺建议和处理工艺方案. 相似文献
10.
持久性有机污染物(POPs)是一类难降解的有机污染物,其环境行为很大程度上决定了其最终的环境影响.探讨了气候变化对POPs环境行为的影响,通过相关的文献和科研进展得出的结论,从气温、降水与极端气候以及由气候变化引发的生物行为变化多个角度分析了气候变化与POPs间的相互关系.最后指出,由于全球气候变化的影响无处不在,今后在针对POPs污染的研究与防治中不能忽视这一要素,理应给予这一问题足够的关注. 相似文献
11.
Reliable QSAR for estimating Koc for persistent organic pollutants: correlation with molecular connectivity indices 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Several recent studies have shown that n-octanol/water partition coefficients may not be a good predictor for estimating soil sorption coefficients of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), defined here as chemicals with log Kow greater than 5. Thus, an alternative QSAR model was developed that seems to provide reliable estimates for the soil sorption coefficients of persistent organic pollutants. This model is based on a set of calculated molecular connectivity indices and evaluated soil sorption data for 18 POPs. The chemical's size and shape, quantified by 1chi, 3chiC and 4chiC(v) indices, have a dominant effect on the soil sorption process of POPs. The developed QSAR model was rationalized in terms of potential hydrophobic interactions between persistent organic pollutants and soil organic matrix. Its high predictive power has been verified by an extensive internal and external validation procedure. 相似文献
12.
Yang Meng-rong Dai Xiao-rong Huang Zhong-wen Huang Cen-yan Xiao Hang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(58):86899-86912
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the emergence of environmental issues regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs), fugacity models have been widely used in the concentration... 相似文献
13.
Ali Syeda Nazish Baqar Mujtaba Mumtaz Mehvish Ashraf Uzma Anwar Muhammad Naveed Qadir Abdul Ahmad Sajid Rashid Nizami Abdul-Sattar Jun Huang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(7):7328-7340
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The elimination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) obsolete pesticides stockpiles, particularly the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), is one of... 相似文献
14.
Oka M Arai T Shibata Y Miyazaki N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,142(3):383-387
To discuss the maternal-fetal transfer of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in viviparous fish, the whole-body burdens of POPs were determined in gravid surfperches from Otsuchi Bay, Japan, and in their fetuses. The concentrations were 2.75-15.5 times higher in the maternal tissue. To compare the characteristics of the maternal-fetal transfer between species with different gestation systems, reports on the striped dolphin and long-finned pilot whales were studied. The transfer rates of POPs in surfperches were 0.6-6.0%, while in marine mammals they were 3.0-9.4%. The difference in transfer rates may derive from the difference in their reproductive systems. On the other hand, as in marine mammals, selective transfer of POPs was seen in surfperches. The transfer rates were higher in less hydrophobic compounds such as dieldrin, and lower in more hydrophobic compounds such as DDTs. A new transfer factor is also discussed which instantly indicates the difference in the concentrations between mother and fetus. 相似文献
15.
Sergeev AV Carpenter DO 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(4):576-585
Purpose
Recent evidence indicates that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is emerging as an important risk factor for atherosclerosis-related diseases, including stroke. Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for stroke, and some studies suggest that exposure to POPs is also a risk factor for HTN. We hypothesized that POPs increase the environmental burden of stroke with comorbid HTN. 相似文献16.
A biomimetic absorbent for removal of trace level persistent organic pollutants from water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A novel biomimetic absorbent containing the lipid triolein was developed for removing persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from water. The structural characteristics of the absorbent were obtained by SEM and a photoluminescence method. Under optimum preparation conditions, triolein was perfectly embedded in the cellulose acetate (CA) spheres, the absorbent was stable and no triolein leaked into the water. Dieldrin, endrin, aldrin and heptachlor epoxide were effectively removed by the CA--triolein absorbent in laboratory batch experiments. This suggests that CA-triolein absorbent may serve as a good absorbent for those selected POPs. Triolein in the absorbent significantly increased the absorption capacity, and lower residual concentrations of POPs were achieved when compared to the use of cellulose acetate absorbent. The absorption rate for lipophilic pollutants was very fast and exhibited some relationship with the octanol--water partition coefficient of the analyte. The absorption mechanism is discussed in detail. 相似文献
17.
Minh NH Minh TB Kajiwara N Kunisue T Iwata H Viet PH Cam Tu NP Tuyen BC Tanabe S 《Chemosphere》2007,67(9):1794-1801
The Mekong River delta is one of the largest agricultural land in the Southeast Asia. It plays a very important role for agriculture and fisheries in South Vietnam. However, comprehensive studies on the environmental pollution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Mekong River delta have not been carried out in recent years. In this study, we collected sediment samples from the Mekong River to evaluate the contamination and ecological risks caused by several POPs. The contamination pattern of POPs was DDT>PCBs>CHLs>HCHs>HCB. DDTs are the most abundant pollutants, their concentration ranging from 0.01 to 110 ng/g dry wt, followed by PCBs (0.039-9.2 ng/g dry wt). DDTs and PCBs concentrations were higher in sediment from adjacent to urban areas than those from rural and agricultural sites, suggesting urban areas as important point sources of DDTs and PCBs to the river. Ratio of p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE was lower compared to those previously reported. However, some samples still had the ratio higher than 0.5, indicating recent input of DDT into the aquatic environments. This result shows that although the magnitude of contamination decreased over time, recent inputs of DDTs to the river still occur. Some sediment samples had concentrations of DDT compounds higher than the standards from the Canadian Environmental Quality Guideline, suggesting continuous monitoring for POPs contamination in the Mekong River is necessary. 相似文献
18.
Passive air sampling for persistent organic pollutants: introductory remarks to the special issue 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Harner T Bartkow M Holoubek I Klanova J Wania F Gioia R Moeckel C Sweetman AJ Jones KC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(2):361-364
There have been a number of developments in the need, design and use of passive air samplers (PAS) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This article is the first in a Special Issue of the journal to review these developments and some of the data arising from them. We explain the need and benefit of developing PAS for POPs, the different approaches that can be used, and highlight future developments and needs. 相似文献
19.
Global fate of POPs: current and future research directions 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
Lohmann R Breivik K Dachs J Muir D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,150(1):150-165
For legacy and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs), surprisingly little is still known in quantitative terms about their global sources and emissions. Atmospheric transport has been identified as the key global dispersal mechanism for most legacy POPs. In contrast, transport by ocean currents may prove to be the main transport route for many polar, emerging POPs. This is linked to the POPs' intrinsic physico-chemical properties, as exemplified by the different fate of hexachlorocyclohexanes in the Arctic. Similarly, our current understanding of POPs' global transport and fate remains sketchy. The importance of organic carbon and global temperature differences have been accepted as key drivers of POPs' global distribution. However, future research will need to understand the various biogeochemical and geophysical cycles under anthropogenic pressures to be able to understand and predict the global fate of POPs accurately. 相似文献