生态剂量及其在环境评价中的应用

生态毒理学是在环境科学领域中近几年新发展起来的学科,它主要研究的领域是化学品在环境中的归趋,以及从生物群落的角度研究毒物对生态系统的影响.由于生态系统组成的多样性和复杂性、生态毒理学目前还没有成熟的标准研究方法,同样,毒物对     

水环境中磺胺类抗生素的污染现状与处理技术研究进展

磺胺类抗生素在医药和养殖业中广泛使用,由于难以在环境中降解,其引起的污染问题得到了广泛关注。为了解磺胺类抗生素污染及处理技术,对其使用现状、危害及其在水环境中的迁移状况进行了阐述;介绍了水环境中磺胺类抗生素的处理技术研究现状,比较了各处理技术的优劣,并对今后的研究方向提出展望。     

污水中二甲基亚硝胺的形成及处理研究进展

二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA)是强致癌物质亚硝胺中的一种,由于其近年来在水环境中的高检出率引起了人们的广泛关注.综述了NDMA的基本性质、来源、各种不同的分析方法及检测限,并列出了目前主要的去除方法.NDMA广泛存在于各种水体中,但其分析检测和去除尚存在一定难度.传统的检测方法不能满足痕量NDMA的分析;GC-MS-MS和HPLC-MS-MS是目前应用比较广泛的两种分析方法.紫外照射能去除NDMA,但其费用较高.并且无法破坏其前体物的结构,处理后的水再经氯化处理时仍可能形成NDMA.亟需进一步研究有效去除NDMA及其前体物的方法.     

废液晶显示屏的环境风险与资源化策略

随着液晶显示屏(LCD)的快速普及,废弃LCD所引发的环境问题引起人们的广泛关注,采用科学有效的方法对其进行资源化已成为国内外学者的研究热点.分析了对中国废LCD的产生趋势,介绍了LCD的结构与材料组成并阐述了其潜在的环境风险,总结了当前国内外废LCD的资源化技术,并指出目前该研究领域中存在的问题及后续的研究重点.     

碳纳米材料的生物毒性效应研究及展望

随着纳米技术的迅猛发展和纳米材料的广泛应用,越来越多的人开始关注并研究纳米材料的环境安全性,特别是生物毒性.在介绍碳纳米材料的基础上,分析了碳纳米颗粒进入生物体的可能途径及在生物体内的迁移和分布,重点综述了碳纳米材料的生物毒性效应及致毒机制方面的研究进展,并展望了碳纳米材料生物毒性领域的研究方向.     

水环境中多环芳烃的分析方法

前 言 多环芳烃(PAH)广泛地存在于环境中,因为大多数多环芳烃有致癌性,所以最近关于环境化学或生态化学范畴内的水环境中的PAH的分布、存在状态及其行为,引起人们的极大注意。因为PAH是城市及工     

基于层次分析法的再生水补给型城市河湖水生态修复技术评价指标体系及其应用

由于城市水资源严重紧缺,再生水作为补给城市河湖景观水体的重要水源,用量逐年加大,随之带来的水环境问题也引起关注,往往需要采用适宜的技术和工程改善水质。然而对于现有的生态修复技术和工程,缺少相应的评价方法和指标体系对其修复效果和工程技术进行综合有效的评估。通过大量的文献及实地调研,结合再生水补给型城市河湖的特点,构建了包含环境效益、技术管理与维护及社会经济功能3个系统、7个准则和19个指标的再生水补给型城市河湖水生态修复技术评价指标体系,采用群组决策的层次分析法(AHP)确定各指标的权重,重要性排序前5位的指标依次是:藻类多样性、水生植物覆盖度、DO、TLI、PI(COD)。以北京市陶然亭湖水生态修复工程为例进行综合评价,研究结果表明,现阶段陶然亭湖水生态修复工程综合评分为3.35分,评价结果属于良。陶然亭湖经过水体生态修复后,水生态系统结构较好恢复;所选工程技术适宜;人员及经济投入适中;对周边环境产生较大正面影响;工程可优后进行推广     

水环境多环芳烃源解析研究进展

城市化和工业化给环境带来的潜在危害引起人们对环境质量的重视.污染物来源解析研究的成果为环境管理提供了有效的工具.在查阋大量文献的基础上,综述了应用于水环境尤其是沉积物中多环芳烃源解析的主要理论方法和应用模型,并初步提出了沉积物中多环芳烃源解析方法.     

太湖水域功能与水生态修复

随着近年来高速发展的工业文明对水域依赖性的降低,水域功能日渐退化.研究了太湖水生态的历史演变以及演变的动因,分析了水生态修复案例,提出了水生态修复的具体措施,以期为太湖水污染治理提供借鉴,使太湖水域重新焕发青春,保障太湖及其平原水域生命的延续.     

水体重金属的污染危害及其修复技术

近年江河湖泊重金属含量呈逐年上升趋势,同时累积于蔬菜、肉类、鱼类、海鲜中,富集于动植物体内,已严重威胁着人们的健康,而对于水体重金属污染的修复尚未引起人们的足够重视,因此,针对目前中国水环境的污染现状,介绍其修复对策.     

Acute effects of Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, ZnO and CuO nanomaterials on Xenopus laevis

Metal oxide nanomaterials have exhibited toxicity to a variety of aquatic organisms, especially microbes and invertebrates. To date, few studies have evaluated the toxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials on aquatic vertebrates. Therefore, this study examined effects of ZnO, TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, and CuO nanomaterials (20-100 nm) on amphibians utilizing the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus (FETAX) protocol, a 96 h exposure with daily solution exchanges. Nanomaterials were dispersed in reconstituted moderately hard test medium. These exposures did not increase mortality in static renewal exposures containing up to 1000 mg L⁻¹ for TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, CuO, and ZnO, but did induce developmental abnormalities. Gastrointestinal, spinal, and other abnormalities were observed in CuO and ZnO nanomaterial exposures at concentrations as low as 3.16 mg L⁻¹ (ZnO). An EC₅₀ of 10.3 mg L⁻¹ ZnO was observed for total malformations. The minimum concentration to inhibit growth of tadpoles exposed to CuO or ZnO nanomaterials was 10 mg L⁻¹. The results indicate that select nanomaterials can negatively affect amphibians during development. Evaluation of nanomaterial exposure on vertebrate organisms are imperative to responsible production and introduction of nanomaterials in everyday products to ensure human and environmental safety.     

Interaction of nano-TiO2 with lysozyme: insights into the enzyme toxicity of nanosized particles

Background, aim, and scope  

Nanomaterials have been used increasingly in industrial production and daily life, but their human exposure may cause health risks. The interactions of nanomaterial with functional biomolecules are often applied as a precondition for its cytotoxicity and organ toxicity where various proteins have been investigated in the past years. In the present study, nano-TiO₂ was selected as the representative of nanomaterials and lysozyme as a representative for enzymes. By investigating their interaction by various instrumentations, the objective is to identify the action sites and types, estimate the effect on the enzyme structure and activity, and reveal the toxicity mechanism of nanomaterial.     

A workflow to investigate the impacts of weathered multi-walled carbon nanotubes to the mud snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Although the development and application of nanomaterials is a growing industry, little data is available on the ecotoxicological effects on aquatic...     

The use of nanoparticles in polymeric and ceramic membrane structures: Review of manufacturing procedures and performance improvement for water treatment

Membrane separations are powerful tools for various applications, including wastewater treatment and the removal of contaminants from drinking water. The performance of membranes is mainly limited by material properties. Recently, successful attempts have been made to add nanoparticles or nanotubes to polymers in membrane synthesis, with particle sizes ranging from 4 nm up to 100 nm. Ceramic membranes have been fabricated with catalytic nanoparticles for synergistic effects on the membrane performance. Breakthrough effects that have been reported in the field of water and wastewater treatment include fouling mitigation, improvement of permeate quality and flux enhancement. Nanomaterials that have been used include titania, alumina, silica, silver and many others. This paper reviews the role of engineered nanomaterials in (pressure driven) membrane technology for water treatment, to be applied in drinking water production and wastewater recycling. Benefits and drawbacks are described, which should be taken into account in further studies on potential risks related to release of nanoparticles into the environment.     

TiO2 nanoparticles – Relationship between dispersion preparation method and ecotoxicity in the algal growth test

Abstract Purpose Little is known about the ecotoxicity of nanomaterials and there are no specific guidelines for sample preparation and testing. We set out to establish whether the method used to prepare TiO₂ dispersions had a significant impact on aquatic ecotoxicity. We also followed the formation of agglomerates during the incubation period.     

Glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione conjugates, complementary markers of oxidative stress in aquatic biota

Contaminants are ubiquitous in the environment and their impacts are of increasing concern due to human population expansion and the generation of deleterious effects in aquatic species. Oxidative stress can result from the presence of persistent organic pollutants, metals, pesticides, toxins, pharmaceuticals, and nanomaterials, as well as changes in temperature or oxygen in water, the examined species, with differences in age, sex, or reproductive cycle of an individual. The antioxidant role of glutathione (GSH), accompanied by the formation of its disulfide dimer, GSSG, and metabolites in response to chemical stress, are highlighted in this review along with, to some extent, that of glutathione S-transferase (GST). The available literature concerning the use and analysis of these markers will be discussed, focusing on studies of aquatic organisms. The inclusion of GST within the suite of biomarkers used to assess the effects of xenobiotics is recommended to complement that of lipid peroxidation and mixed function oxygenation. Combining the analysis of GSH, GSSG, and conjugates would be beneficial in pinpointing the role of contaminants within the plethora of causes that could lead to the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species.     

Disruption of zebrafish (Danio rerio) reproduction upon chronic exposure to TiO₂ nanoparticles

As common engineered nanomaterials, TiO(2) nanoparticles (nTiO(2)) are usually perceived as non-toxic, and have already been widely used in many products and applications. Such a perception might have been shaped by some short-term studies that revealed no/low toxicity of nTiO(2) to cells and eco-relevant organisms. However, given the ultimate release of nTiO(2) into the aquatic environment, which can act as a sink for engineered nanoparticles, their long-term impact on the environment and human health is still a concern and deserves more research efforts. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that chronic exposure of zebrafish to 0.1 mg L(-1) nTiO(2), can significantly impair zebrafish reproduction. For instance, there was a 29.5% reduction in the cumulative number of zebrafish eggs after 13 weeks of nTiO(2) exposure. Thus, we provided timely information on indicating a serious risk of reproductive impairment of environments contaminated with low levels of nTiO(2) on aquatic organisms, leading to alterations in population dynamics and aquatic ecosystem balance, and thus warrants a careful scrutiny on toxicity assessment of nTiO(2), especially their long-term impact.     

An overview of nanomaterials applied for removing dyes from wastewater

Organic dyes are one of the most commonly discharged pollutants in wastewaters; however, many conventional treatment methods cannot treat them effectively. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed rapid development of nanotechnologies, which offered new opportunities for developing innovative methods to treat dye-contaminated wastewater with low price and high efficiency. The large surface area, modified surface properties, unique electron conduction properties, etc. offer nanomaterials with excellent performances in dye-contaminated wastewater treatment. For examples, the agar-modified monometallic/bimetallic nanoparticles have the maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity of 875.0 mg/g, which are several times higher than conventional adsorbents. Among various nanomaterials, the carbonaceous nanomaterials, nano-sized TiO₂, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) are considered as the most promising nanomaterials for removing dyes from water phase. However, some challenges, such as high cost and poor separation performance, still limit their engineering application. This article reviewed the recent advances in the nanomaterials used for dye removal via adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and biological treatment. The modification methods for improving the effectiveness of nanomaterials are highlighted. Finally, the current knowledge gaps of developing nanomaterials on the environmental application were discussed, and the possible further research direction is proposed.     

Investigation of ZnO nanoparticles’ ecotoxicological effects towards different soil organisms

Introduction  

Nanomaterials have widespread applications in several industrial sectors. ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most commonly used metal oxide NPs in personal care products, coating and paints. However, their potential toxicological impact on the environment is largely unexplored.