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1.
食品废弃物厌氧消化产乙酸的研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
通过实验,研究了pH、总固体浓度(TS)、碳氮比(C/N)对食品废弃物厌氧消化产乙酸的影响,详细考察了挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的组成和浓度及乙酸浓度随时间的变化规律.结果表明,pH为6.5、TS为7%(质量分数)、C/N为16:1时,总VFA的最大质量浓度为31.56 g/L,乙酸的最大质量浓度为19.46 g/L.  相似文献   

2.
含固率对牛粪常温厌氧消化的影响   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
李礼  徐龙君 《环境工程学报》2010,4(6):1413-1416
在常温、pH值为7.0下,采用10 L玻璃瓶作为反应器对含固率(TS)分别为2%、6%、10%和14%的4组牛粪溶液进行厌氧消化实验,系统运行48 d,分析了厌氧消化过程中的COD(化学需氧量)、pH、VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)和产气量的变化。结果表明,进料TS是影响牛粪厌氧消化产气效果的重要因素,调节牛粪进料TS至10%,可以使其厌氧消化获得最佳的产气效果,COD去除率为24.6%,产气中甲烷含量为56.1%。  相似文献   

3.
碳氮比对鸭粪中温厌氧消化的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
李礼  徐龙君 《环境工程学报》2010,4(8):1903-1906
在中温(35±1)℃、6%的料液浓度、pH为中性条件下,采用10 L玻璃瓶作为反应器对碳氮比(C/N)分别为15、20、25和35的4组鸭粪溶液进行厌氧消化实验,系统运行30 d,分析了厌氧消化过程中的COD(化学需氧量)、pH、VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)和产气量的变化。结果表明,碳氮比是影响鸭粪厌氧消化过程的重要因素,调节鸭粪碳氮比至25,可以使其厌氧消化获得最佳的产气效果,COD去除率为24.06%,原料干物质产气率为0.178 m3/kg,产气中甲烷含量为71.5%,产甲烷率为0.127 m3/kg。  相似文献   

4.
青岛市菜市场垃圾的高温厌氧消化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在中试规模下进行菜市场垃圾高温厌氧消化试验,通过监测消化过程中的产气情况和消化液的pH、可溶解性COD(SCOD)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、NH3-N、碱度等变化,确定菜市场垃圾厌氧消化的最大有机负荷,并分析对菜市场垃圾进行高温厌氧消化处理的可行性.结果表明,在中试规模下,菜市场垃圾高温厌氧消化的最高有机负荷可达6.2...  相似文献   

5.
餐厨垃圾的高温厌氧消化处理研究   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
在55℃条件下,研究了餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化过程中pH、VFA、总磷、产气量以及COD、TS和VS的变化,结果表明:在消化过程中pH先下降后上升,总VFA浓度增大,而其中游离态VFA浓度先增大后减少。消化过程总产气量为43 211 mL,整个过程消耗TS的平均产气率为158.98 mL/g TS,COD去除率为38.76%,总磷去除率达到98.87%,底物TS和VS去除率分别31.71%和50.24%。经过厌氧消化处理,沼渣中不含对人体和许多动物有害的沙门氏菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌及粪大肠杆菌,而富含有机质、氮、磷和钾等的营养物质和芽孢杆菌、防线菌等有益菌种。  相似文献   

6.
pH值对玉米秸秆厌氧消化产气的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用批式实验,研究了(35±0.5)℃、搅拌速度65 r/min的厌氧消化体系中,pH值对玉米秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷的影响,分析了消化液相及固相特性的变化.结果表明,厌氧消化第7~9天时各系统VFA浓度均达到最大值,pH值为7和9时,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度显著高于其他系统,SCOD向VFA的转化效率较高.pH值为9时累积产气量增加速度最快,最大累计产气量达到134.33 mL/g VS.pH值为7时累计产气量最大,高达149.2 mL/g VS,是pH值为5和11系统的3.23和6.71倍.pH值为7和9时,沼气中甲烷的平均含量分别为64.1%和62.5%,比pH值为5和11的系统提高了约10%.pH值为7和9时VS去除率达到67.68%和58.87%,显著高于其他系统.控制厌氧消化pH值在7~9范围内可以有效提高木质纤维素生物质的产气效率.  相似文献   

7.
城市污水处理厂污泥与香蕉秸秆以不同配比(质量比1∶0、2∶1、3∶1、1∶1、1∶3、1∶2和0∶1)进行中温((35±1)℃)厌氧消化实验,研究了不同配比下的产气特性,并考察了消化过程中消化液的挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)、溶解性蛋白质、溶解性多糖以及总固体(TS)和挥发性固体(VS)的变化。结果表明:(1)污泥与香蕉秸秆进行混合厌氧消化可以明显提高系统的产气量。当污泥和香蕉秸秆的配比为1∶2时,累积产气量可达到339.12L/kg,分别比污泥和香蕉秸秆单独消化时提高了17.36%、31.25%。(2)当污泥与香蕉秸秆配比为1∶2时,TS、VS、SCOD、溶解性蛋白质和溶解性多糖的去除率都达到最大,分别为37.50%、22.66%、70.25%、58.71%、85.39%,此厌氧消化系统的稳定性良好。  相似文献   

8.
在中试规模下,研究青岛市餐厨垃圾与菜市场垃圾混合(质量比1∶1)高温厌氧消化实验,通过监测厌氧消化过程中产气量、气体组成等产气情况和消化液中pH值、SCOD、NH3-H、VFAs含量和组分等化学指标变化,确定混合厌氧消化的最大有机负荷,并分析混合高温厌氧消化技术的可行性,结果表明,(1)青岛市餐厨垃圾与菜市场垃圾混合高温厌氧消化产甲烷具有技术可行性;(2)混合厌氧消化的最大有机负荷可达4.069 kg VS/(m3.d);(3)当系统最大有机负荷时,每天每千克VS最高可产生甲烷量0.346 m3;(4)混合厌氧消化可削减氨氮对餐厨垃圾单独厌氧消化产沼气的影响。  相似文献   

9.
为了考察连续式两相厌氧消化过程及产酸相、产甲烷相最佳水力停留时间和产气潜能,并与序批式单相厌氧消化实验比较,采用生活垃圾、粪便、餐厨垃圾、污泥混合物料为消化原料,进行中温连续式两相厌氧消化和序批式单相厌氧消化实验。结果表明,单相厌氧消化产气潜能为242 m~3·t~(-1)TS,两相厌氧消化产气潜能达到380m~3·t~(-1)TS以上,提高了57.6%。两相厌氧消化最佳水力停留时间为14d,比单相厌氧消化的水力停留时间缩短了一半,并且连续式两相厌氧消化过程比单相厌氧消化具有更高的运行稳定性。  相似文献   

10.
不同存放时间太湖蓝藻产沼气潜力   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对不同存放时间蓝藻(新鲜蓝藻、存放3个月、6个月和9个月)进行厌氧消化处置,分析反应过程中沼气量、代谢产物和酶活等变化,获得各自的产沼气潜力。研究结果表明,存放6个月蓝藻组的产沼气率最大,为120.5 mL/g TS,是新鲜蓝藻组的1.29倍。Gompertz模型拟合表明,随着存放时间的延长,最大产沼气量(Pmax)先增大后减小,最大比产气率一直增加。存放3个月蓝藻组的VFA在第6天达到最大,为1 575.4 mg/L,而存放9个月蓝藻组的VFA在第2天达到最大,为1 116.5 mg/L。存放3个月蓝藻组的最大中性蛋白酶酶活为1 203.4μg/(g TS.h),比新鲜蓝藻组提高212.8μg/(gTS.h)。脱氢酶酶活随着蓝藻存放时间的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势。  相似文献   

11.
A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO2 removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion  相似文献   

12.
This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).  相似文献   

13.
14.
介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠  相似文献   

15.
张仁泉 《污染防治技术》2005,18(2):15-17,34
在实施ISO/IEC17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节,提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法,对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。  相似文献   

16.
在实施ISO/IEC 17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节,提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求,为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。  相似文献   

17.

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO2 coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (ActivTM and BioCleanTM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.  相似文献   

18.
Bhattacharya A  Sarkar SK 《Ambio》2003,32(1):70-75
India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.  相似文献   

20.
结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足,进行了具体分析,对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。  相似文献   

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