环境激素污染研究进展及污染防治

环境激素具有类雌激素活性，能对生物和人体的内分泌机能造成影响；环境激素污染可导致各种生物的生殖功能下降和生殖器免疫力降低，并引起各种生理异常。本文对国内外环境重金属激素和有机激素的研究进行了综述，并总结了防治环境激素污染的主要技术手段，指出环境激素致毒生物化学机理研究、环境激素在环境介质中的迁移－转化－积累的行为研究、环境激素容量分析以及环境激素物质的进一步筛选是国际环境科学领域的重要研究方向和前沿领域。     

环境激素污染研究进展及污染防治

环境激素具有类雌激素活性 ,能对生物和人体的内分泌机能造成影响 ;环境激素污染可导致各种生物的生殖功能下降和生殖器免疫力降低 ,并引起各种生理异常。本文对国内外环境重金属激素和有机激素的研究进行了综述 ,并总结了防治环境激素污染的主要技术手段 ;指出环境激素致毒生物化学机理研究、环境激素在环境介质中的迁移 转化 积累的行为研究、环境激素容量分析以及环境激素物质的进一步筛选是国际环境科学领域的重要研究方向和前沿领域。     

环境激素对水蚤的影响

存在于环境中的环境激素是以某种方式干扰正常内分泌功能的天然或合成的化合物。地水蚤在水生生态系统及生态风险评价中的重要位置与作用,探讨水蚤暴露于一些常见环境激素时,其受激素调节的生殖和蜕皮过程所受到的影响及相应机理很有必要。     

室内空气质量的研究

良好的室内空气质量是保障身体健康最重要的因素，不合格的室内空气可导致身体不适，危害健康，而在工作中，更会引致高缺勤率及低效率。通过国内外对室内空气质量研究方面的成果和存在问题的简述，分析了室内存在的污染物和污染源，并重点讨论了污染物质的理化性质及其对人体健康的效应，介绍了室内空气质量影响评价、现状评价的模式和方法。     

双酚A和典型类固醇环境激素迁移转化研究进展

近年来有关环境激素污染的认知、研究与防治已经开始受到全球的重视,其中双酚A(BPA)和类固醇是环境中检出频率较高的几种环境激素.国外有关BPA和类固醇环境激素的调查和其迁移转化的研究已经广泛展开,但我国仍处于起步阶段.综述了国内外BPA和两种典型类固醇激素17β-雌二醇(E2)和17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的研究进展,介绍了其基本性质、用途、危害、环境中浓度和其迁移转化规律;指出为了阐明BPA、E2和EE2在环境中危害,有关其吸附、生物降解和光降解等迁移转化规律,及各迁移转化过程之间协同作用与相互影响的研究还有待于进一步深入.     

中国居民及动植物的环境激素暴露研究现状和建议

环境激素污染严重威胁着人类及动植物的健康。综述了EDCs生物危害,简要介绍了美国、日本和欧盟的EDCs研究工作,分析了中国居民和动植物的EDCs暴露现状,归纳了现有的流行病学调查信息,并针对现状提出了建议。     

环渤海湾诸河口水质现状的分析

根据对环渤海湾诸河口实地采集的12个水样进行的重金属、砷、总氮和总磷含量分析，发现环渤海湾诸河口水污染严重，多超过地表水V类标准，主要污染物质为Hg、N和P，其他污染物含量均在地表水H类标准以内。其中海河口处的Hg含量在20年间增加了10倍左右。诸河口水体中N和P含量均达到水体富营养化危险负荷，可见陆源污染是渤海湾富营养化日趋严重、赤潮日趋增多的主要原因。     

城市污水石灰法深度处理工艺中有毒物质的变化规律

分别采用7-乙氧基异酚恶唑酮．脱乙基酶（EROD）活性测定法，重组人激素受体基因的酵母测试和Q67发光菌试验方法，对北京市某生活污水处理厂的进水、二沉出水以及经过石灰法深度处理后的出水中的类二恶英物质、类雌激素物质和急性毒性物质进行了分析。进水中的三类生物毒性效应物质中的急性毒性物质，可通过活性污泥法基本去除，而对类雌激素物质和类二恶英物质的去除率分别为76％和52％。经过石灰沉淀法的深度处理后，可使上述两类物质的总去除率达到95％和68％。出水中的雌激素当量水平与欧洲国家污水处理厂出水水平相当，而类二恶英物质的总浓度低于美国EPA饮用水中二恶英的最大允许浓度。展示了生物毒性测试方法在排水生态风险和工艺评价方面的应用潜力。     

纳滤去除饮用水中的PFOS

全氟辛烷磺酸类物质（PFOS）是一种新型持久性有机污染物，对人类健康存在很大威胁，目前世界范围内的水体中均检测到不同浓度的PFOS。研究如何安全有效去除这类新型污染物十分必要。利用HYDRA—COPe10纳滤膜进行PFOS去除研究，在不同操作压力下研究pH、电解质以及与腐殖酸共存对PFOS截留效果的影响。结果表明，随着pH值的增加，截留率上升；二价盐对PFOS截留率的影响要高于一价盐，并且随着二价盐离子强度的增加，截留率上升；腐殖酸共存时截留效率有显著增加，尤其在1mmol／L钙离子存在条件下，PFOS的截留率可达到95．8％，但会引起膜通量下降及膜污染的发生。     

我国持久性有机污染物状况及宏观对策

从近几十年来中国POPs的使用情况出发，系统分析了典型POPs物质在农产品、土壤、母乳、水体和沉积物等介质中的污染状况。分析了国际上控制POPs的动向以及中国采取的应对策略，并对中国控制POPs污染的宏观对策进行探讨。从总体上看，目前中国有关POPs的政策法规体系正逐渐与国际接轨，但还很不完善，缺乏针对性和对污染事故的责任、处罚等明确措施，控制POPs对环境的污染与危害，制定行之有效的环境监管措施势在必行。     

A spatial temporal assessment of pollution from PCBs in China

This research represents an assessment of the current state of pollution from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in China. Various environmental media including sediment, water, organism and soil were analyzed and the spatial character of PCB pollution in each environmental medium was determined. On a national basis, PCB levels in all environmental media were relatively low, with little evidence of major contamination in China's main regions and rivers. However, there were some locations with high PCB concentrations. Sediments in Pearl River (83.1 ng/g) and its estuary (58.9 ng/g), Dalian Bay (58.1 ng/g) and Songhua River (36.8 ng/g) had relatively high level of PCBs. There were also some areas, which were mainly the industrial pollution sites or PCB equipment storage locations, remained seriously polluted with the highest PCB residue level of 150,000 ng/g. In addition, Minjiang Estuary (985.2 ng/g) and Taihu Lake (631 ng/g) had high levels of water pollution, while Pearl Estuary (635.7 ng/g) and Jiaozhou Bay (273.3 ng/g) had relatively high PCB levels in organisms. PCB pollution in soil was limited to a few special pollution areas with the highest PCB level of 4.5448 x 10(6) ng/g. Point source pollution was the common pattern of contamination, influenced primarily by local geographic, economic and historical factors. Analysis of PCB concentrations from the 1980s to 1990s shows an increasing trend, possibly due to the improper disposal of and leakage from PCB containers, chemical transfers, and the general rise of industrial pollution.     

滇池污染状况及其综合治理

滇池污染已引起各级政府和市民的广泛关注,被列为“九五”国家“三湖”、“三河”重点治理项目之一。对滇池污染及治理的研究始于８０年代初期,迄今为止已取得了大量的研究成果,找到了一些比较有效的治理技术,本文将分析滇池主要污染问题,简述滇池污染的治理项目,对效果进行简要分析并对治理措施进行讨论。     

煤矸石的综合利用现状

煤矸石是我国排放量最大的工业废渣之一 ,不仅占用大量农田和土地 ,而且严重污染环境。为了加强对煤矸石利用以使其资源化 ,对我国的煤矸石资源状况、我国煤矸石的综合利用技术研究的现状进行了综述 ,并对煤矸石资源化提出了一些设想。     

Evaluation and analysis of environmental noise pollution in the city of Erzurum, Turkey

Noise pollution and its influence on the environment and life quality of human beings is a hot topic in scientific research. A study has been carried out to determine the level of noise and its sources in the city of Erzurum located in the east of Turkey. Noise measurements were taken in the morning, at noon and in the evening to determine noise pollution all over the city, particularly motorway transportation noise. In order to determine the sensitivity of the city people to noise pollution, standard survey studies were also conducted. According to the results, the noise level in Erzurum city centre exceeded allowed values at 96 of 126 measurement points. From the measured noise values, a map of noise pollution was created for Erzurum. Proposed solutions are set out.     

Rhizoremediation of oil-contaminated sites: a perspective on the Gulf War environmental catastrophe on the State of Kuwait

The Gulf War brought about to the State of Kuwait some of the worst environmental pollution as a result of oil spill. Since 1995, research programs have been initiated to avoid further damage to the Kuwaiti desert and marine environment and to restore and rehabilitate the polluted land, water, and air ecosystems. During the following 15 years, different bioremediation methods both on laboratory and small field scales were tested and evaluated. The findings of these studies were implemented to establish a bio-park in which ornamental shrubs and trees were grown in bioremediated soil. This review will focus on Kuwait’s experience in rhizoremediation and its positive impacts on oil-contaminated sites.     

缓冲带在农业非点源污染防治中的应用

论述了缓冲带防治非点源污染的机理和效果，分析了影响缓冲带功能的各个因素。缓冲带能有效地控制土壤与土壤养分的流失，其建设与管理在整个生态环境建设中具有重要地位，目前国内外的研究主要集中于缓冲带对径流中营养物质氮和磷的吸收上，对较大区域环境水质影响的研究不曾多见。为达到防治非点源污染的更好效果，应对缓冲带的设计及各种缓冲带合理配置与布局作更深入的研究，并要与水土保持措施相结合。     

Environmental problems of Canakkale City and solutions

Environmental problems are getting more serious in almost every region of Turkey. They occur for many reasons and take many forms. Canakkale City has potential for both domestic and international tourism, because of its rich historical past and natural and cultural resources. However, in common with other parts of the country, Canakkale faces environmental problems such as air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, solid wastes, noise pollution, and negative effects on flora and fauna. The maintenance of historical and architectural texture, and the establishment of new settlement areas in suitable parts of the city, are not taken into consideration sufficiently when investments are made in both transportation and industrial areas. This research was conducted under three main headings: analysis, evaluation and synthesis. The aim was to make some recommendations dealing with the domestic problems, such as the improvement of the city as a contemporary settlement, the development of urban settlements and industrialisation, and the improvement of the lifestyle of the city residents.     

The use of vegetation,bees, and snails as important tools for the biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution—a review

The continuous discharge of diverse chemical products in the environment is nowadays of great concern to the whole world as some of them persist in the environment leading to serious diseases. Several sampling techniques have been used for the characterization of this chemical pollution, although biomonitoring using natural samplers has recently become the technique of choice in this field due to its efficiency, specificity, and low cost. In fact, several living organisms known as biomonitors could accumulate the well-known persistent environmental pollutants allowing their monitoring in the environment. In this work, a review on environmental biomonitoring is presented. The main sampling techniques used for monitoring environmental pollutants are first reported, followed by an overview on well-known natural species used as passive samplers and known as biomonitors. These species include conifer needles, lichen, mosses, bees and their byproducts, and snails, and were widely used in recent research as reliable monitors for environmental pollution.

     

土壤重金属的植物污染化学研究进展

针对中国土壤重金属污染加剧的趋势,为改善土壤环境质量和保障农产品安全,提出了土壤重金属的植物污染化学研究领域.结合多年的研究工作,从土壤重金属的植物根际化学行为、土壤重金属的植物吸收与解毒机制和重金属污染土壤的植物-微生物交互作用等方面简要阐述了土壤-植物系统中重金属的分布、存在形态、迁移转化、累积及生物学效应和控制规律的研究进展,并对将来的植物污染化学理论研究提出了展望.