城市固体有机废物堆肥实验装置设计

根据城市固体有机废物的特点和性质 ,设计了一种堆肥的实验装置 ,该设计包括空间结构设计、通风系统设计和搅拌系统设计。空间结构设计的特点是小型的、用于实验室研究的、仓式动态好氧结构 ;通风系统的设计则是以供氧、散热和去除水分所需通风量为基础 ;搅拌系统设计包括搅拌器的结构设计和所需动力设计     

Practical Applications of Stacks to Minimize Pollution Problems

“Rules of thumb” for stack design have been developed for use on problems where extensive studies cannot be justified or where quantitative design data are unavailable. The application of these rules to a practical stack design problem is discussed. The IBM 704 computer has been used for rapid yet rigorous stack design studies. The computer procedures for design are discussed and its application to a practical problem is described in detail.     

黄磷尾气回收系统的安全设计要点

对一个 5 0 0 0t/a的黄磷电炉的尾气回收系统的设计进行了全面的安全分析 ,指出了其中存在的不足。在此基础上 ,提出了改进的设计方案 ,并在生产应用中取得了明显的成效 ,安全性和效益均得到明显的提高     

绿色设计与绿色化学设计

根据绿色设计的基本定义，特点，过程与原则，将绿色设计与传统设计与进行比较，阐述绿色化学设计的主要内容。     

Sustainable Development by Design: Review of Life Cycle Design and Related Approaches

The environmental profile of goods and services that satisfy our individual and societal needs is shaped by design activities. Substantial evidence suggests that current patterns of human activity on a global scale are not following a sustainable path. Necessary changes to achieve a more sustainable system will require that environmental issues be more effectively addressed in design. But at present much confusion surrounds the incorporation of environmental objectives into the design process. Although not yet fully embraced by industry, the product life cycle system is becoming widely recognized as a useful design framework for understanding the links between societal needs, economic systems and their environmental consequences. The product life cycle encompasses all activities from raw material extraction, manufacturing, and use to final disposal of all residuals.

Life cycle design (LCD), Design for Environment (DFE), and related initiatives based on this product life cycle are emerging as systematic approaches for integrating environmental issues into design. This review presents the life cycle design framework developed forthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as a structure for discussing the environmental design literature. Specifying environmental requirements and evaluation metrics are essential elements of designing for sustainable development. A major challenge for successful design is choosing appropriate strategies that satisfy cost, performance, cultural, and legal criteria while also optimizing environmental objectives. Various methods for specifying requirements, strategies for reducing environmental burden, and environmental evaluation tools are explored and critiqued. Currently, many organizational and operational factors limit the applicability of life cycle design and other design approaches to sustainable development. For example, lack of environmental data and simple, effective evaluation tools are major barriers. Despite these problems, companies are beginning to pursue aspects of life cycle design. The future of life cycle design and sustainable development depends on education, government policy and regulations, and industry leadership but fundamental changes in societal values and behavior will ultimately determine the fate of the planet’s life support system.     

An Air Quality Data Analysis System for Interrelating Effects,Standards, and Needed Source Reductions: Part 6. Calculating Concentration Reductions Needed to Achieve the New National Ozone Standard

The new ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard specifies that the expected number of days per calendar year that the 1 hour average ozone concentration can exceed 0.12 ppm must be equal to or less than 1. This paper describes a method to calculate design frequency, design concentration, and the percentage concentration reduction necessary to achieve this standard. The design frequency is once per year (1/365) if daily maximum hour ozone concentrations are available at a particular site for an equal number of days in summer (April through September) and winter (October through March). An equation is used to adjust design frequency as a function of the number of summer and winter samples available. The design concentration (the ambient concentration measured at the design frequency) needs to be reduced to 0.12 ppm. Graphical and digital methods for determining the design concentration are presented. Percentage concentration reductions needed to achieve the standard are calculated for each site which has ozone concentration data available in the National Aerometric Data Bank for at least half of the days in one summer of years 1975 through 1977. The degree of reduction calculated for the site with the highest concentrations in each county is indicated by shading on a map of the United States.     

玻纤布上胶车间有机溶剂废气净化处理

介绍了工厂有机溶剂废气处理方案和设计及实际运行效果,具有简单经济、净化彻底的特点。     

Precipitator Design

The various design philosophies and methods used in the engineering design of precipitators for fly ash are reviewed and assessed in light of current stringent environmental standards. The basic precipitator size and electrical parameters are individually analyzed and related to particle and flue gas properties. Actual precipitator design practice is illustrated by data for a wide cross section of power plant installations.     

膜生物反应器工艺污水处理厂设计进水水质的确定

城市污水处理厂进水水质是工程设计的基本参数,进水水质的测定分析对污水处理厂的设计具有重要意义。对无锡市城北污水处理厂的现状进水水质进行了调查和分析,提出按照水质指标浓度出现的频率确定污水处理厂设计进水水质的方法,并针对采用的膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺的特点,提出:(1)根据实测数据按照一定的保证概率可以用来确定城市污水处理厂设计进水水质;(2)为了使水质的确定更加符合设计工程的实际情况,根据实测数据分析确定设计进水水质指标时,一般还需要进行趋势性调整和季节性调整;(3)确定合理的指标浓度与流量,以此为依据进行反应池的工艺设计,同时要校核夏季温度高、浓度低、流量大和冬季温度低、浓度高、流量小的工况是否满足处理要求,然后取冬、夏季校核值以及未作季节性调整设计值中最不利情况作为设计值,才能充分保证出水达到处理要求。     

Experimental design strategy for the Weibull dose response model

The objective of this research was to determine optimum design point allocation for estimation of relative yield losses from ozone pollution when the true and fitted yield-ozone dose response relationship follows the Weibull. The optimum design is dependent on the values of the Weibull model parameters. A transformation was developed which allowed the optimum design (by the determinant criterion) for one parametric situation to be translated to any other, and permitted the search for optimum designs to be restricted to one set of Weibull parameters. Optimum designs were determined for the case where the Weibull parameters are assumed known, and effects of deviating from the optimum designs were investigated. Several alternative design strategies were considered for protecting against incorrectly guessing the Weibull model parameters when their true values are not known.