机械镀锌工艺的清洁生产

结合机械镀锌的实际生产过程，讨论了机械镀锌实现清洁生产的主要途径，并且从工艺过程、经济效益、环境效益3个方面对机械镀锌进行了综合评价，结果表明，机械镀锌是切实可行的清洁生产技术。     

技术性清洁生产在保温材料制造业的实践

现阶段,在工业企业推行清洁生产的过程中十分有必要重视技术性清洁生产.技术性清洁生产对工业生产过程中污染物的减产甚至彻底消除某种污染物具有直接面快速的效果.此外,技术性清洁生产以改进企业主体生产工艺及装备技术水平和实现废弃物回收利用为主要切入点,具有提高产品质量、降低能耗、提高利润及全面优化生产过程等多方面的综合效益,这对工艺设备未达到较先进水平的企业尤为重要.分析了技术性清洁生产在现阶段工业企业推行清洁生产过程中的重要作用,并以某保温材料制造企业为例,介绍了该企业进行清洁生产技术改造的具体实施方案和取得的效益.     

推行清洁生产促进经济可持续发展

论述了清洁生产的含义及推行清洁生产的重要性 ,并与传统的污染防治战略进行了比较分析 ,提出了在实施污染治理过程中 ,将污染物的治理过程作为特殊的生产过程 ,也必须以清洁生产的概念和理论进行指导     

论企业持续清洁生产

持续清洁生产是清洁生产审核之后一项非常重要的工作，只有真正了解持续清洁生产的意义和内涵，才能使清洁生产具有可持续性，才能为企业的发展提供一种新的思路。文中结合徐州夹河煤矿清洁生产审核过程，就持续清洁生产的基本内容和如何实现持续清洁生产进行了探讨。     

清洁生产方法与实践

概述了清洁生产的概念，形成与发展历程，以及清洁生产的实施方法，最后以某中药产品生产过程的污染审计为实例，以其明显的环境、经济效益来说明清洁生产的推广价值。     

关于开展第二轮清洁生产审核的一些建议

中国目前制定的清洁生产审核程序主要为企业开展第一轮清洁生产审核提供指导,在开展第二轮清洁生产审核时,需要根据实际情况做出调整,以便有效开展第二轮清洁生产审核。针对企业第一轮实施清洁生产的现状,清洁生产审核过程发现的问题以及审核结束后这些问题的改善成效,提出第二轮清洁生产审核的一些建议,为企业有效开展第二轮清洁生产审核提供参考。     

清洁生产审核在企业ISO14000环境管理体系实施中的应用

对清洁生产、ISO14000环境管理体系的内涵作了简介，着重从理论到实践经验上探讨清洁生产审核在ISO14000环境管理体系推进过程中，环境因素和重大环境因素识别；目标、指标、环境管理方案建立；具体实施过程中的应用。     

企业实施清洁生产的效益分析

在描述清洁生产内容和目标的基础上，分析了生命周期环境成本管理方法的基本原理和特点，并通过对该方法在企业实施清洁生产过程中的实际应用进行分析，说明了通过合理实施清洁生产，可以达到防治污染、提高经济效益的双重目的。     

日用陶瓷实施清洁生产技术的评价

清洁生产是一个系统工程 ,是对生产全过程以及产品的整个生命周期采取污染预防的综合措施。采用LCA的方法对日用陶瓷生产过程进行全面分析与评价 ,并提出了实施清洁生产的途径。     

清洁生产与企业生产效益

根据清洁生产的定义、特点、设计原则和清洁生产方法 ,将清洁生产和传统的环境保护设计相比较 ,阐述清洁生产和企业生产效益之间的关系。提出了清洁生产虽在化工、纺织、印染、食品等多个行业取得了良好的环境效益和显著的经济效益 ,但要真正落实还存在一系列问题。     

城市生活垃圾在机械炉排炉内焚烧过程研究及数值模拟

研究城市生活垃圾在机械炉排炉内焚烧过程，建立了垃圾在炉排炉移动床内燃烧过程中垃圾体积变化、水分蒸发、挥发分析出及燃烧、垃圾颗粒的移动、气-固两相热传递、焦炭燃烧等各个反应阶段的热化学模型，采用一维非稳态模型分别建立了床层内气固两相介质控制方程。通过对炉排上垃圾焚烧过程的数值模拟研究，获得料层中温度分布、料层高度、炉床机械负荷、气相中反应物组分和污染物浓度分布。利用建立的模型对某大型垃圾焚烧炉的燃烧过程进行数值仿真，对燃烧过程、烟气成分进行预测，为垃圾焚烧炉排炉的设计和燃烧控制提供理论依据。     

利用废CRT屏玻璃为原料制备泡沫玻璃

以废阴极射线管(CRT)屏玻璃为主要原料,碳黑为起泡剂,采用粉末烧结法制备了低密度保温泡沫玻璃。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、导热系数测定仪等分析手段,研究了起泡剂的用量、发泡温度和发泡时间对泡沫玻璃泡径、密度、热学性能以及机械力学性能的影响。结果表明,在相同烧制工艺条件下,随起泡剂掺加量增加,烧制所得的泡沫玻璃密度成"V"型变化;当其掺加量为0.20%时,泡沫玻璃在密度、孔径分布以及力学性能上均达到最佳。随着发泡温度的提高和发泡时间的延长,密度会逐渐减小,泡沫玻璃的气泡会逐渐增大,以致产生连通现象。当发泡温度为820℃、发泡时间为30min时烧制的泡沫玻璃密度为0.180 g/cm3,导热系数为0.0695 W/(m.K)。     

电渗透脱水对污泥热干燥特性的影响

以污水厂机械脱水后的污泥作为研究对象,提出了采用电渗透-热干燥结合进行深度脱水的方法。通过对原泥以及电渗透脱水至不同含水率(67%、71%和76%)的污泥在热干燥过程中含水率和干燥速率的测定,分析电渗透脱水对污泥热干燥特性的改善规律。结果表明,经电渗透脱水至含水率为67%和71%的污泥在热干燥过程中的传热传质速率及干燥速率有明显提高,且干燥温度越高,电渗透后污泥的干燥速率与原泥的干燥速率差距越大。相同电压梯度及相同温度下电渗透至67%后进行热干燥耗能最少。实际应用中应结合能耗分析选择合适的电渗透程度及干燥温度,以达到最优效果。     

Thermally assisted mechanical dewatering (TAMD) of suspensions of fine particles: analysis of the influence of the operating conditions using the response surface methodology

Thermally assisted mechanical dewatering (TAMD) is a new process for energy-efficient liquid/solids separation which enhances conventional-device efficiency. The main idea of this process is to supply a flow of heat in mechanical dewatering processes to favour the reduction of the liquid content. This is not a new idea but the proposed combination, especially the chosen operating conditions (temperature <100 degrees C and pressure <3000 kPa) constitutes an original approach and a significant energy saving since the liquid is kept in liquid state. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effects of the processing parameters of TAMD on the final dry solids content, which is a fundamental dewatering parameter and an excellent indicator of the extent of TAMD. In this study, a two-factor central composite rotatable design was used to establish the optimum conditions for the TAMD of suspensions of fine particles. Significant regression models, describing changes on final dry solids content with respect to independent variables, were established with regression coefficients (usually called determination coefficients), R(2), greater than 80%. Experiments were carried out on a laboratory filtration/compression cell, firstly on different compressible materials: synthetic mineral suspensions such as talc and synthetic organic suspensions such as cellulose, and then on industrial materials, such as bentonite sludge provided by Soletanche Bachy Company. Experiment showed that the extent of TAMD for a given material is particularly dependent on their physical and chemical properties but also on processing parameters.     

污水输送和污水处理过程中CH4产生与排放特征及影响因素研究进展

污水输送和污水处理过程中会有大量的CH4温室气体产生和排放。总结了污水厌氧生化处理过程中CH4产生的机制,列举了产甲烷菌的种类。同时,分析了在污水生化处理各单元CH4产生与排放的影响因素:污水处理过程中,DO、pH、温度、污泥负荷、硝酸盐浓度和亚硝酸盐浓度等因素会影响CH4的产生。在污水处理过程中的厌氧段,CH4的排放主要是与CH4产生量及CH4在污水中的溶解度有关;在好氧段,CH4的排放与机械搅拌或曝气作用对水流的扰动有关。     

交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备及其对Cr3+的吸附特性

深入研究了交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备工艺及其对Cr3+的吸附特性.交联菌丝体吸附剂制备工艺简单,但在制备过程中,活化剂NaOH和交联剂的用量对吸附特性影响较大.与纯菌丝体吸附剂相比,交联菌丝体吸附剂表观吸附容量提高48%,达到49.83 mg/g(pH=2.53,水溶液中的Cr3+浓度为600mg/L),同时其机械强度明显增强.交联菌丝体吸附剂对Cr3+的吸附特点是将沉淀法与吸附法相结合,将沉淀与吸附两过程合二为一,从而简化了处理工艺,降低了处理成本.     

On formation of CaO-Al(2)O(3)-SiO2 glass-ceramics by vitrification of incinerator fly ash

CaO-Al(2)O(3)-SiO(2) system glass ceramics of incinerator fly ash have been prepared by vitrification and then heat-treated in different conditions. The thermal molten process (TMP) was applied to heat treat vitrified samples at high temperatures whereas in the powder sintering process water-quenched vitrified samples were ground into powder and then sintered at high temperatures. Gehlenite was found present as the major phase in all treated samples. Treated samples in general exhibited good leachability characteristics as well as chemical durability, except in the HCl solution. Microstructure and physical properties varied with the treatment condition. Fine and relatively high dense structures with desirable properties were obtained for samples treated by the TMP. For both processes, higher temperature treatments caused crystal growth and thus poor properties were attained. Good physical and mechanical properties achieved at 900-950 degrees C in this study imply the treated samples have attractive potential for engineering applications.     

典型建筑固体废弃物再生骨料对环保砖性能的影响

随着我国城市化和工业化进程的快速推进,城市建设产生大量的建筑废弃物,燃煤电厂产生大量炉底渣,建筑固废的处置在城市可持续发展过程中备受关注。以建筑垃圾再生骨料、炉底渣和石粉等区域特色的骨料制备环保砖,系统考察了骨料对环保砖力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,再生骨料的种类对环保砖抗压强度的影响显著。再生骨料中混凝土的增加,环保砖抗压强度逐渐增加;而再生骨料中粘土砖含量的增加,环保砖抗压强度明显降低。环保砖抗压强度随炉底渣的含量增加而降低,石粉对环保砖抗压强度有提升作用。     

Emission Characteristics of Granulated Fuel Produced from Sewage Sludge and Coal Slime

Abstract

The neutralization of wastewater treatment residues is an issue for many countries. The European Union (EU) legal regulations have limited the use of the residues in agriculture and implemented a ban for their disposal. Therefore, urgent action should be taken to find solutions for the safe disposal of sewage sludge. The problem refers in particular to the new EU member countries, including Poland, where one can now observe an intensive development of sewage system networks and new sewage treatment plants. At the same time, these countries have few installations for thermal sewage sludge utilization (e.g., there is only one installation of that type in Poland). Simultaneously, there are many coal-fired mechanical stoker-fired boilers in some of these countries. This paper presents suggestions for the production of granulated fuel from sewage sludge and coal slime. Additionally, among others, lime was added to the fuel to decrease the sulfur compounds emission. Results are presented of research on fuel with two average grain diameters (～15 and 35 mm). The fuel with such diameters is adapted to the requirements of the combustion process taking place in a stokerfired boiler. The research was aimed at identifying the behavior of the burning fuel, with special attention paid to its emission properties (e.g., to the emissions of oxides of nitrogen [NO_x], sulfur dioxide [SO₂], and carbon mon-oxide [CO], among others). The concentration and emission values were compared with similar results obtained while burning hard coal. The combustion process was carried out in a laboratory stand where realization of the large-scale tests is possible. The laboratory stand used made simulation possible for a wide range of burning processes in mechanical stoker-fired boilers.     

Emission characteristics of granulated fuel produced from sewage sludge and coal slime

The neutralization of wastewater treatment residues is an issue for many countries. The European Union (EU) legal regulations have limited the use of the residues in agriculture and implemented a ban for their disposal. Therefore, urgent action should be taken to find solutions for the safe disposal of sewage sludge. The problem refers in particular to the new EU member countries, including Poland, where one can now observe an intensive development of sewage system networks and new sewage treatment plants. At the same time, these countries have few installations for thermal sewage sludge utilization (e.g., there is only one installation of that type in Poland). Simultaneously, there are many coal-fired mechanical stoker-fired boilers in some of these countries. This paper presents suggestions for the production of granulated fuel from sewage sludge and coal slime. Additionally, among others, lime was added to the fuel to decrease the sulfur compounds emission. Results are presented of research on fuel with two average grain diameters (approximately 15 and 35 mm). The fuel with such diameters is adapted to the requirements of the combustion process taking place in a stoker-fired boiler. The research was aimed at identifying the behavior of the burning fuel, with special attention paid to its emission properties (e.g., to the emissions of oxides of nitrogen [NO(x)], sulfur dioxide [SO2], and carbon monoxide [CO], among others). The concentration and emission values were compared with similar results obtained while burning hard coal. The combustion process was carried out in a laboratory stand where realization of the large-scale tests is possible. The laboratory stand used made simulation possible for a wide range of burning processes in mechanical stoker-fired boilers.