废旧计算机CRT监视器的管理和资源化技术

分析了废旧计算机CRT监视器的材料组成 ,并且阐明了它对环境和人体健康的潜在危害 ,同时比较了国内外相关管理现状 ,总结了目前已有的资源化技术 ,主要是拆解技术 ,并且介绍了目前国内外的资源化实践 ,并提出有关建议。     

陕西神木大柳塔洗煤厂煤泥水快速沉降剂试验研究

为了解决陕西神木大柳塔洗煤厂煤泥水的快速沉降和洗水循环再利用 ,在深入研究原煤泥水处理工艺技术效能的基础上 ,研究和发展了一种新型高效、经济的煤泥水处理工艺技术 ,合成了一种快速沉降剂。经过反复试验研究 ,使得原煤泥水系统有了极大改善 ,实现了洗水闭路循环和煤泥厂内回收 ,降低了药耗 ,缩短了反应时间 ,达到了快速沉降的目的。     

生态工业园区及其建设

生态工业园区是实现生态工业和工业生态学的重要途径 ,代表了未来工业生态系统发展方向。本文从生态工业园区的概念出发 ,分析了生态工业园区的基本特征与功能 ,阐述了生态工业园区的类型及其建设的重点内容 ,介绍了生态工业园区建设实践 ,提出了生态工业园区建设的对策与措施     

原油挥发气排空的危害及对策研究

大量的原油挥发气一直都被排放到大气中,既浪费了能源,也污染了环境,本文在分析了排空的巨大危害之后,对回收方法进行了探讨,提出了利用匹配式多级喷射器进行回收的有效方法.     

深水井循环处理对养殖水体蓝藻控制及对水质的改善

为了解决罗氏沼虾养殖水体蓝藻泛滥、危害养殖、污染周边水环境的问题,建设了深水井循环水处理示范工程,对工程运行进行了跟踪测定。结果表明,通过深水井循环处理后,蓝藻不能再漂浮于水面生长繁殖,而是沉淀到水底无光区衰亡,从而控制了蓝藻的繁殖。与对照塘相比,虾塘藻类叶绿素a浓度减少了69%,藻细胞总数削减了92%,消除了蓝藻泛滥现象,剩余藻类主要为颤藻、绿藻,化学需氧量降低了55%,总磷降低了46%,总氮降低了56%。     

地坑压缩式城市生活垃圾转运站的设计与应用

介绍了一种具有压缩功能,并与吊装设备配套使用的城市生活垃圾转运站,具有操作方便,减少工人劳动强度等特点,通过压缩机的压缩增大了箱内垃圾比重,提高了垃圾的清理及运输效率,同以往相比运输次数减少半数以上,大大提高了工作效率,有效的节省了人力和物力资源.     

积极发展农村沼气工程

沼气是一种清洁卫生的能源。通过沼气这个中心环节,使农业废弃物得到充分利用。本工程以较小的投入获得了较多的产出,既提高了经济效益,又有利于改善生态环境,保护农业生态平衡。鄞县甲村乡上李家村沼气工程的建设,不仅改变了农村燃料结构,为农村提供了清洁卫生的新能源,还减轻了农业废弃物对环境的污染,促进农业废弃物的资源化利用,为发展生态农业创造了条件。     

地坑压缩式城市生活垃圾转运站的设计与应用

介绍了一种具有压缩功能,并与吊装设备配套使用的城市生活垃圾转运站,具有操作方便,减少工人劳动强度等特点,通过压缩机的压缩增大了箱内垃圾比重,提高了垃圾的清理及运输效率,同以往相比运输次数减少半数以上,大大提高了工作效率,有效的节省了人力和物力资源.     

降低火电厂项目地下水环境影响的措施研究

正分析了火电厂项目主要的地下水污染源、污染途径,提出了优化选址、重点区域防渗等措施,模拟分析了防渗效果,提出了地下水的预警、监控及修复方案,为最大限度降低火电厂地下水环境影响提供了系统的设计方案。     

膜分离技术在油气回收中的应用

简单阐述了油气回收的意义,并对几种常用的油气回收方法进行了介绍,分析其优缺点,重点论述了膜分离技术在油气回收中的应用,以及国内外的进展情况和典型应用实例,最后对膜法油气回收与其它方法作了比较,对膜法回收现阶段的存在问题进行了剖析,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。研究结果表明,膜法是一种大有前途的油气回收方法。     

Book reviews

Handbook of Pollution and Hazardous Materials Compliance. N.P. Cheremisinoff and M. Graffia. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1996, 506 pp. Price $185.00US. ISBN: 0–8247–9704–3.

Good Laboratory Practice Standards: Application for Field and Laboratory Studies. W.Y. Garner, M.S. Barge and J.P. Ussary (Editors). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1992. xix + 571 pp. Price $109.95US. ISBN: 0–8412–2192–8.

Pesticides ‐ Developments, Impacts, and Controls. G. Best and D. Ruthven (Editors). The Royal Society of Chemistry , United Kingdom, 1995. x + 180 pp. Price £49.50. ISBN: 0–85404–785–9.

Designing Safer Chemicals: Green Chemistry for Pollution Prevention. S.C. DeVito and R.L. Garrett (Editors). ACS Symposium Series 640, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1996. x + 254 pp. Price S89.95US. ISBN:0–8412–3443–4.     

Bioconcentration, biomagnification and metabolism of 14C-terbutryn and 14C-benzo[a]pyrene in Gammarus fossarum and Asellus aquaticus

The contribution of bioconcentration and biomagnification of 14C-terbutryn and 14C-benzo[a]pyrene via food and water to the bioaccumulation in Gammarus fossarum and Asellus aquaticus was investigated in single species-tests. In this investigation the uptake of 14C-terbutryn and 14C-benzo[a]pyrene via food and water by G. fossarum (L.) and A. aquaticus (L.) was examined. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and biomagnification factors (BMFs) were determined. Calculated BCFs were clearly higher than BMFs, indicating that water is the primary route of uptake. The uptake of terbutryn and benzo[a]pyren via water in G. fossarum and A. aquaticus is faster than uptake via food. The elimination and metabolism of the two chemicals by G. fossarum and A. aquaticus were studied. Terbutryn was eliminated almost completely in both species. In general, the elimination of terbutryn from G. fossarum and A. aquaticus was fast with half-life of 5 h. The elimination of terbutryn by G. fossarum after biomagnification is slower than after bioconcentration. No difference was found in elimination of terbutryn by A. aquaticus after biomagnification and after bioconcentration. Metabolites of terbutryn in G. fossarum and A. aquaticus were analyzed by HPLC. After the bioconcentration experiment a higher percentage of metabolites was found in G. fossarum than in A. aquaticus. This was confirmed for the experiment with uptake via food. The spectrum of metabolites was similar in both species, with hydroxyterbutryn being the major metabolism product in water. 14C-B[a]P could nearly completely be eliminated by G. fossarum (rest of activity 2%) after uptake via water. 14C-B[a]P could not be eliminated by G. fossarum and A. aquaticus after uptake via food. The metabolite could not be identified.     

A Critical Review Discussion Papers

The Critical Review on Motor Vehicle Inspection/Maintenance Programs was presented by John C. Elston at a Session at the 74th Annual Meeting of APCA in Philadelphia. Mr. Elston summarized his paper which had been published in the May 1981 of JAPCA. Prepared discussions which were presented by Mr. Cackette, Mr. Weaver, Dr. Jones, and Mr. Wallis are reproduced here. In addition, comments made from the floor by Dr. McKee, Mr. Pattison, and Mr. Seliber have been formalized and are presented here along with the discussion from the floor. Mr. Elston responds to the comments of his peers. Dr. Melvin W. First was Moderator of the Session.     

Air Quality: Status,Management and Direction

The Tenth Government Affairs Seminar conducted by the Air Pollution Control Association was held in Washington, D.C. on March 17–18, 1982. The APCA Government Affairs Committee of which John S. Lagarias is Chairman, sponsored this meeting. Dr. Jerry Pell was General Chairman of the Seminar Steering Committee which included in its membership: Gordon M. Rapier, Vice-chairman, William K. Bonta, Facilities Chairman, Barbara Bankoff, David Benforado, D. Kent Berry, Samuel Booras, William Chapman, Stanley Coloff, Philip T. Cummings, Roy S. Denham, Gerald P. Dodson, Daniel Dreyfus, Raymond W. Durante, Victor S. Engleman, Richard Grundy, W. G. Hamlin, Glenn Hanson, G. Steve Hart, Terrence Li Puma, Michael Lukey, John E. Maroney, William Megonnell, Curtis A. Moore, Russell Mosher, Joseph Mullan, Sidney R. Orem, Dennis G. Seipp, Martin L. Smith, Roger Strelow, Michael Tinkleman, Neal Troy.

This meeting served as a forum for discussion of the issues of: the Clean Air Act amendments, regulatory reform, international perspectives on acid rain, and new directions pursued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Representative Henry A. Waxman, Chairman, Subcomittee on Health and the Environment, Committee on Energy and Commerce, U.S. House of Representatives, was the keynote speaker. The Honorable C. Boyden Gray, Counsel to the Vice President of the United States was the luncheon speaker on Wednesday. Daniel J. Goodwin, President, State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators, was the luncheon speaker on Thursday.

Session 1. entitled “The Clean Air Act: Legislative Status,” was moderated by G. Steve Hart, President of APCA. Session 2. “Regulatory Reform,” was chaired by Richard N. Holwill, Vice President for Government Information, The Heritage Foundation. The Honorable A. Alan Hill, and Gordon Snow, from the President’s Council on Environmental Quality were co-moderators for Session 3. which was entitled, “Acid Rain: International Perspectives.” Session 4. “Critical Issues,” was moderated by Walter C. Barber, Jr., Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Condensed versions of the remarks of the participants are presented here. A more extensive summary of the meeting which includes floor discussion is available in the Proceedings of the Tenth APCA Government Seminar which can be obtained from APCA headquarters.     

Ferric citrate-induced photodegradation of dyes in aqueous solutions

The photooxidation of dye solutions containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes was studied. The photodegradation under near-UV light of the five dyes, C. I. reactive red 2, C. I. reactive blue 4, C. I. reactive black 8, C. I. basic red 13 and C. I. basic yellow 2, in aqueous solutions at pH2.0 containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes was found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The photodegradation rates of the dye, C. I. reactive red 2, decreased with increasing the initial dye concentration in range of 20 – 60 mg/L . A comparatively higher photodegradation efficiency of the dye was gained under the condition of pH2.0 and the Fe(III) to citrate ratio 1:2.     

Environmental pollutants in endangered vs. increasing subspecies of the lesser black-backed gull on the Norwegian Coast

Organochlorine (OC) residues were measured in eggs and blood of different subspecies of the lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus, on the Norwegian coast: a) increasing L. f. intermedius in the North Sea; b) endangered L. f. fuscus near the Arctic Circle; c) L. f. fuscus and greyish-mantled gulls, with a L. f. intermedius appearance, in the Barents Sea region. The dominating OCs in lesser black-backed gulls were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). DDE and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) residues were higher in L. f. fuscus compared to L. f. intermedius and greyish-mantled birds in the Barents Sea region. In the latter area, blood residues of PCB and DDE in lesser black-backed gulls were as high as in great black-backed gulls, Larus marinus, while in the other regions they were lower. The higher DDE residues in endangered L. f. fuscus compared to increasing L. f. intermedius and greyish-mantled birds, which are invading northern Norway, suggest that OCs may have played a role in the population decline of L. f. fuscus, possibly in combination with nutrient stress.     

Photodegradation of Dyes in Aqueous Solutions containing Fe(III) -hydroxy Complex II. Solar Photodegradation Kinetics

The solar photodegradation of five dyes, C.I. reactive red 2, C.I. reactive blue 4, C.I. reactive black 8, C.I. basic red 13, and C.I. basic yellow 2, were studied in a sunlight/Fe(III)-hydroxy system. It was observed that the photodegradation of these five dyes were pseudo-first order reactions, which has a little difference with the photodegradation kinetics of the dyes with UV-light as the irradiation source. The comparison between the two studies is also conducted.     

Prof.?Dr.?Dr.?h.?c. Volker Storch zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet

Ohne Zusammenfassung Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Volker Storch zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

染色废水吸附混凝效应研究

用自制的酸性膨润土用无机混凝剂Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３联用处理含酸性红３Ｂ,弱酸橙ＧＳ和弱酸艳绿５Ｇ等染料的合成废水,以ＣＤＯＣＲ去除率和脱色率来表征吸附的处理效果,结果表明,酸性膨润土和酸性膨润土－硫酸铝两种吸收混凝剂的废水处理效果无明显差异,其效率与染料种类有关,处理含５Ｇ绿废水的效果优于含ＧＳ橙和３Ｂ红废水。     

Airborne heavy metal pollution and its effects on foliar elemental composition of Empetrum hermaphroditum and Vaccinium myrtillus in Sør-Varanger, northern Norway

Uptake of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ca, K, Mg, P, and S in Empetrum nigrum L. ssp. hermaphroditum Hagerup and Vaccinium myrtillus L. from Ni, Cu and SO2 contaminated sites in S?r-Varanger, northern Norway, were investigated. The primary objective was to study the effect of airborne heavy metal pollution on foliar element composition of these two dwarf shrubs. Ni distribution and availability in soils clearly indicate atmospheric deposition of Ni particulates in S?r-Varanger. Foliar Ni concentrations in E. hermaphroditum and V. myrtillus increased in relation to plant available Ni in corresponding soils. Leaves of E. hermaphroditum generally contained higher concentrations of Ni than leaves of V. myrtillus. Emissions influenced some features of leaf elemental composition of the two species in very different ways. In leaves of V. myrtillus, S increased in proportion to Ni and Cu, while levels of Mn decreased. In leaves of E. hermaphroditum, Fe increased in proportion to Ni and Cu, while levels of Ca decreased.