专家系统在废水生物处理操作和控制中的应用

本文介绍了国外近二十年来专家系统在废水生物处理工艺控制领域的应用及开发的典型系统,分析了废水生物处理工艺难于控制的原因、各类系统的结构和特点及目前废水处理专家系统的不足,探讨了废水生物处理专家系统今后应深入研究的问题及方向     

环境专家系统

本文介绍了环境专家系统当前国内外发展概况、特点及在开发、研究中的若干问题。认为解决环境问题需要专家系统,在应用上下功夫是努力方向。     

人工神经网络和专家系统在污水生物处理系统中的应用

对近年来国内外污水生物处理系统中人工神经网络和专家系统的应用进行了简要的回顾。分析了废水生物处理工艺难于控制的原因及人工神经网络和专家系统的结构和特点。结果表明．国外智能控制发展迅速,并且应用领域遍及污水生物处理的各个方面,国内尚处于起步阶段。简要探讨了废水生物处理智能控制今后应深入研究的问题及方向。     

累积环境影响评价研究

为了响应综合的环境管理和可持续发展对环境影响评价（ＥＩＡ）的要求，有必要进行累积环境影响评价研究。本文介绍了累积环境影响的概念模型、分类和特点，并探讨了累积环境影响评价的方法。     

规划环境影响评价指标体系及评价方法浅析

对规划环境影响评价的内容作出了概述性的介绍，并根据规划环境影响评价的特点，得出规划环境影响评价的指标体系应包括自然环境指标、生态环境指标、资源利用指标、能源利用指标和社会经济指标5大体系。列举了当前适用于规划环境影响评价的技术方法，并对其进行简单的对比分析。     

生态小区建设与环境影响评价

阐述了生态住宅小区的概念和特征、发展要求，以及环境影响评价概念、范围、主要环境问题及污染防治分析，提出环境影响评价存在的和有待完善的问题，指出引导开发与可持续发展相适应的绿色住宅产业，已成为当代环境影响评价工作者不可推卸的责任。     

宝应县乡镇工业集中区环境影响评价

通过对宝应县乡镇工业集中区的具体情况分析，论述了对该区进行环境影响评价的特殊意义，并阐明环境影响评价应重视的要点，主要就乡镇工业集中区环境影响评价的特点、意义、评价要点及相应技术方法的选用，作一些探讨。     

棉纺印染类项目环境影响评价工作要点探析

总结了棉纺印染类项目常规生产工艺、产污环节及其特性，并剖析其项目环境影响评价工作中的常见问题与不足，从污染防治、清洁生产、循环经济及环境管理等方面出发，介绍了搞好棉纺印染类项目环境影响评价工作的要点。     

危险废物焚烧处置项目环评应重点关注的几个问题

根据危险废物焚烧处置项目的特点，归纳并阐述了该项目环境影响评价中应重点关注的几个问题，从而为这类项目的环境影响评价工作提供参考，也为环境保护行政主管部门的审批提供充分依据。     

浅谈生态系统满意度在区域开发生态环境影响评价中的应用

区域开发活动的生态环境影响评价在整个环境影响评价中 ,占有很大的比重。由于多种因素的限制 ,当前的生态环境影响评价存在着许多不足和缺陷。文章通过一个环境影响评价实例 ,介绍了生态系统满意度在区域开发活动中生态环境影响评价中的应用。     

智能控制在污水生物处理系统中的应用

对智能控制的适用范围及污水生物处理工艺的特征进行了简单分析。对智能控制的3大主要分支模糊逻辑控制、神经网络控制及专家控制系统在污水生物处理中应用的最新动态进行了评论和分析。结果表明,在污水生物处理中引入智能控制是一种提高处理效率、降低运行成本的有效方法,国内在污水生物处理智能控制的应用研究与国外有较大的差距,国内的研究及应用还处在发展阶段,应当加强。最后对污水生物处理智能控制的发展方向作了简要分析。     

Smallholder Farms as Stepping Stone Corridors for Crop-Raiding Elephant in Northern Tanzania: Integration of Bayesian Expert System and Network Simulator

Crop-raiding elephants affect local livelihoods, undermining conservation efforts. Yet, crop-raiding patterns are poorly understood, making prediction and protection difficult. We hypothesized that raiding elephants use corridors between daytime refuges and farmland. Elephant counts, crop-raiding records, household surveys, Bayesian expert system, and least-cost path simulation were used to predict four alternative categories of daily corridors: (1) footpaths, (2) dry river beds, (3) stepping stones along scattered small farms, and (4) trajectories of shortest distance to refuges. The corridor alignments were compared in terms of their minimum cumulative resistance to elephant movement and related to crop-raiding zones quantified by a kernel density function. The “stepping stone” corridors predicted the crop-raiding patterns. Elephant presence was confirmed along these corridors, demonstrating that small farms located between refuges and contiguous farmland increase habitat connectivity for elephant. Our analysis successfully predicted elephant occurrence in farmland where daytime counts failed to detect nocturnal presence. These results have conservation management implications.     

饮食业油烟净化技术综合评价

本文首先通过专家调查的方法建立了饮食业油烟净化技术综合评价指标体系,并确定相应的权数,然后采用模糊决策分析方法对现有净化技术进行了分析评价。结果表明,复合式和静电式技术是现有各种技术中最好的。     

克拉玛依油田百重七联合站污水处理自动控制方法研究

主要介绍了克拉玛依油田污水处理的一般工艺流程，阐述污水处理自动控制系统的硬件结构，并针对百重七联合站污水的特定工艺流程，详细论述了根据不同的调储罐液位和处理污水的总来液量给定不同的反应罐入口污水流量值的联锁控制算法。     

Research Areas for Improved Incineration System Performance

In the past few years, many combustion tests were conducted in full scale operating incinerators. Those test data indicate that certain issues need to be re-evaluated, and point out certain research areas for improved incineration system performance. The issues include incinerability ranking and its relationship with operating temperature; significance of CO monitoring; and significance of products of incomplete combustion emission. The research areas for improvement include waste feed control; oxygen control; expert system; hydrogen halide conversion; submicron particulate formation; and improved air pollution control devices.     

潜流式湿地系统停留时间分布实验结果分析

鉴于水力停留时间对人工湿地系统处理效果和构建设计的重要性,通过示踪实验测定了潜流式湿地系统的停留时间分布,结合反应器理论,对实验测定的不同进水流量范围的停留时间响应结果,分别以多釜串联模型以及移位正态分布函数进行拟合,并进一步对系统的水力平均停留时间、系统的流动形态以及非理想性进行了分析和讨论,为湿地系统的水力学优化设计和实际运行提供理论基础和技术参数.     

Using a Set of Strategic Indicator Systems as a Decision-making Support Implement for Establishing a Recycling-oriented Society - A Taiwanese Case Study (16 pp)

Background Scope and Aims. To realize the vision of sustainable development (SD) originating from the ‘only one earth’ philosophy, and to integrate the conceptions of ecology and sustainability into the planning and decision-making criteria of urban growth management, the establishment of a recycling-oriented society (ROS) is essential. However, before the above intention can be achieved, it is indispensable to develop a system of strategic indicators for supporting a radical reformation of the urban development plan. Therefore, this study, based on the conception of the new urban development pattern ROS, attempted to carefully choose a sample city in Taiwan for launching a preliminary case study, and furthermore designed and proposed a concise and strategy-oriented assessment indicator system termed ROSAIS. ROSAIS, on the one hand, can act as a compass for understanding resource using efficiency and recycling status during city development and, on the other hand, can serve as an implement supporting decision-making for ROS construction.Methods According to the definition and spirit of ROS, the structure of ROSAIS should clearly represent the relationship between resources and environment in human activities. The eco-efficiency indicator system (EEIS) and environmental symbiosis indicator system (ESIS) can be considered two key sub-indicator systems, and are the necessary components of ROSAIS. EEIS chooses the dominant production sectors in urban economic activities to calculate their eco-efficiency (EE). Separately, for obtaining a consensus regarding the framework of ESIS, the questionnaire approaches and expert consultation, together with the research experience and foundation of current relevant studies and indicator systems, are applied when crucial resource and environmental issues and respective indicators are selected.Results and Discussion The calculation results of EEIS in this case study indicated that among the three dominant production activities (agricultural, fishery, and animal husbandry sector) the fishery sector has the highest EE, which indicates that the fishery activities and resources significantly influence the sustainability of the economic-environmental system of the sample city. Furthermore, according to a consensus achieved in ESIS, local green spaces, resource recovery, energy consumption pattern change, freshwater conservation and greenhouse effect abatement were considered as the five crucial issues influencing how the case study city can develop into an ES-city. The rate of local green spaces, resource recycling, freshwater conservation and the rate of reduction of nonrenewable energy use as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were used to evaluate the above five issues.Conclusion This case study is unparalleled in Taiwan. Even in Japan, where ROS legislation has been implemented, this kind of study remains in the preliminary stages. Furthermore, when communicating the indicator results, it is essential to provide the context and countermeasures of the crucial issues that are faced. The two sub-indicator systems proposed in this case study could comply completely with the above-mentioned requirements. For example, the EEIS provides information for achieving a balance between environmental burden and economic benefits among dominant production sectors; the ESIS provides information for setting strategies for overcoming the crucial issues faced. Recommendation and Outlook This study recommends that urban planers should consider the construction of the corresponding strategic indicator system to be indispensable, and makes further use of the indicator results related to the environmental education of residents for identifying and promoting participation with ROS, and turning them into implements for supporting urban SD decision-making. Furthermore, a successful indicator system depends on data availability and quality. This study recommends that urban planers should pay considerable attention to constructing relevant data collection channels, databases and the data quality.     

Screening of high production volume chemicals for estrogen receptor binding activity (II) by the MultiCASE expert system

A structurally and functionally diverse and cross-validated quantitative structure-activity knowledge database generated by the MultiCASE expert system was used to screen 2526 high production volume chemicals (HPVCs) for their estrogen receptor binding activity. 73 HPVCs were found to contain structural features or biophores that have been documented as having the ability to bind to the estrogen receptor. Potential chemicals were ranked according to their quantitatively predicted ER binding potential and the details of the biophores found in them are discussed.