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1.
采用SBR法处理豆制品废水的试验表明 ,SBR能有效去除COD和TKN(总凯氏氮 ) ,在确定的工艺参数下 ,即进水 1h、限制性曝气 9h、沉淀 1h、出水闲置 1h、进水COD浓度在 60 0 0mg/L以下、污泥负荷在 1 .5 0kgCOD/kgMLSS·d以下时 ,去除率均在 92 %以上  相似文献   

2.
负荷及盐度对好氧颗粒污泥EPS的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
研究了序批式反应器(SBR)内好氧颗粒污泥在不同有机负荷(1.6 kg COD/(m3·d)和8 kg COD/(m3·d))和不同含盐(2.5%和5.0%)条件下胞外聚合物(EPS)的变化情况,并对EPS、比耗氧速率(SOUR)和孔隙率之间的关系作了进一步探讨。结果表明:在SBR反应器中,负荷较含盐量对好氧颗粒污泥EPS变化的影响要显著,且EPS糖成分和SOUR之间、EPS蛋白成分和孔隙率之间均呈负相关。另外,高负荷条件下的系统稳定性要优于低负荷。  相似文献   

3.
厌氧颗粒污泥胞外聚合物的影响因素研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为明确厌氧颗粒污泥胞外聚合物产生的影响机制,通过改变pH、污泥负荷(Ns)和C/N比,研究厌氧颗粒污泥及其上清液的EPS(胞外聚合物)产生量及组分多糖、蛋白质的变化情况,采用红外光谱对比分析了pH、Ns、C/N比对EPS分子结构的影响;结果表明,过酸、过碱和不适当的C/N比不利于厌氧颗粒污泥形态保持和微生物生长,但Ns对厌氧颗粒污泥形态的影响不大。红外光谱分析表明,蛋白质肽键在强酸、强碱条件下均发生了变化,羧基、醇和酚则在强酸条件下(pH 3)消失,C/N比和污泥负荷对EPS的分子结构影响不大。  相似文献   

4.
采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理低浓度生活污水,探讨了不同污泥负荷对运行效果及污泥性质的影响。通过考察有机物去除率、有机酸积累、污泥粒径、污泥比产甲烷活性、溶解性微生物产物(SMP)、胞外聚合物(EPS)等生化指标,得出如下结论:在受试条件下,污泥负荷率的升高不利于有机物的去除;有机酸特别是乙酸的积累,以及受基质缺乏及污泥洗脱限制的污泥积累,是影响处理效果的因素;稳定阶段污泥的胞外聚合物以紧密附着型EPS为主,污泥负荷升高将导致其浓度升高,而对SMP和松散附着型EPS没有显著影响,EPS的浓度及其组成不影响污泥性质。高的污泥负荷下污泥的产甲烷活性较高。在本实验中,F/M=0.4 g COD/(g MLSS·d)是最佳的污泥负荷条件。  相似文献   

5.
为了揭示不同污泥龄活性污泥的絮凝特性及作用机制,采用序批式反应器,考察污泥龄(solid retention time,SRT)对絮体EPS(extra-micro colony polymeric substances,EMPS)和菌胶团EPS(extra-cellular polymeric substances,ECPS)2种EPS组分的影响,通过扩展的DLVO理论和EPS组分解析不同污泥龄的絮凝性能。研究结果表明,随着SRT的增大,活性污泥的相互作用能曲线存在明显的势垒和势垒值逐渐减少,EMPS和ECPS含量逐渐减少,且相对于ECPS的变化,EMPS含量随泥龄的变化更加明显,其中蛋白质与腐殖质含量逐渐降低,污泥絮凝性能变好。这表明,较高的污泥相互作用能势垒和EMPS组分含量是污泥絮凝性能低的内在机制,且EMPS中蛋白质和腐殖质含量的变化是不同污泥龄污泥絮凝性能差异的主要原因。  相似文献   

6.
采用上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)处理城市垃圾渗沥液 ,结果表明 :在水力停留时间为 1~ 6d和容积负荷为 1 5~ 7 8kgCOD/m3 ·d的条件下 ,COD的去除率为 6 0 %~ 85 5 % ,且去除率随水力停留时间的延长和负荷的增加而增加 ;甲烷产量随容积负荷的增加而呈线性增加 ;沼气中甲烷的含量基本在 90 %之上 ;污泥的VSS/SS先由 0 6 2逐渐减小到 0 5 6 ,随后稳定在 0 5 4~ 0 5 8之间 ;污泥的比产甲烷速率一直维持在 0 0 0 35~ 0 0 0 5 3gCODCH4 /gVSS·gCOD·d之间 ;厌氧处理渗沥液的基本动力学常数Ks、μm、Y和kd 分别为 380 7mgCOD/L、0 0 337d-1、0 0 6 6 1gVSS/gCOD和 0 0 0 14d-1。  相似文献   

7.
膜生物反应器中运行参数对污泥胞外聚合物的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
研究了膜生物反应器(MBR)中曝气强度、有机负荷和污泥停留时间(SRT)与污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)变化的关系。实验结果表明,随着气水比由20增加至40,污泥EPS逐渐下降。当气水比>35之后,EPS趋于稳定。随着有机负荷由0.129 kg COD/kg VSS·d减小至0.016 kg COD/kg VSS·d,附着型...  相似文献   

8.
石岩  单威  陈明飞  郑凯凯  王燕  李激 《环境工程学报》2019,13(12):2845-2852
用中试规模生物絮凝工艺处理含化学絮凝剂的生活污水,分别研究了HRT和进水SS对生物絮凝系统污染物去除特性、剩余污泥产量、污泥特性和温室气体排放的影响。结果表明:生物絮凝系统对COD、TN和TP有较好的去除效果,且污染物去除效果受进水SS影响较大;生物絮凝系统平均污泥产量和平均有机物产量最高可达53.63 kg·d~(-1)和21.14 kg·d~(-1);污泥胞外聚合物EPS浓度和PN/PS均与有机负荷呈反比;化学絮凝剂通过影响PN/PS和EPS浓度,可间接影响污泥的沉降性能;生物絮凝系统与AAO工艺相结合,可降低50.12 g·m~(-3)温室气体的排放。因此,生物絮凝工艺可为污水处理厂节能降耗运行奠定基础,有望得到广泛应用。  相似文献   

9.
耐酸厌氧消化污泥处理餐厨垃圾   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用耐酸驯化的厌氧消化污泥处理餐厨垃圾,在酸性条件下(pH=4.5),对实验装置容积负荷从1.0kgVS/(m3·d)分9次逐级增加到5.0kgVS/(m3·d)的过程进行了跟踪监测,并较深入地研究了驯化污泥代谢活性和处理效果。实验结果表明,pH4.5的耐酸厌氧消化污泥,最佳投加负荷约为4.5kgVS/(m3·d),此负荷下容积产气率,CH4含量平均值均达最大,分别为1.68m3/(m3·d),75.0%。耐酸厌氧消化装置持续增料运行46d,产甲烷菌仍能保持较高的活性,其COD去除率范围为40.4%-75.0%,仍能保持pH7.2时处理效果的65.0%-91.8%,表明在低pH、低碱度下实现稳定的产甲烷过程是可行的。  相似文献   

10.
根据理论分析提出生物吸附-沉淀-再生的城市污水处理工艺,即高负荷生物吸附再生法.该工艺对污染物去除的作用主要包括污泥的絮凝作用、吸附作用和生物代谢作用,而以前两者的作用为主.对城市污水的生产性试验研究结果表明,该工艺能够较大程度地提高SS、COD、SCOD和BOD等污染物的去除率,具有明显的处理效果,对于西北干旱缺水地区实现污水资源化是切实可行的方法.  相似文献   

11.
介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.  相似文献   

13.
The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.  相似文献   

14.
造纸废水混凝处理中SFT助凝替代性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
中小造纸厂废水处理常用PAC作混凝剂 ,PAM作助凝剂。由于PAM成本很高 ,影响了处理设备的投运率。用超细滑石粉 (SFT)替代PAM助凝 ,与混凝剂PAC配合 ,其混凝处理效果基本相当 ,但是处理成本降低 0 .10元 /m3 。由于SFT属环境无害材料 ,不会给排泥带来二次污染  相似文献   

15.
寻找廉价而高效的替代原料是实现生物柴油产业化的关键所在.微藻以含油量高、生长周期短、环境适应能力强、生物产量高等优点,有望成为一种极具潜力的生物柴油生产原料.然而,目前尚存在微藻培养低效成本高和微藻回收效率低两大难题.综述了微藻培养与回收过程中的关键技术,并对存在的两大难题及其改进技术进行了详细的探讨.最后,总结并展望了微藻培养、回收技术未来的发展趋势.  相似文献   

16.
不同泥源对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
李祥  黄勇  袁怡  张丽  朱莉 《环境工程学报》2012,6(7):2143-2148
采用2套上流式生物膜反应器,分别接种少量厌氧氨氧化污泥和大量硝化污泥,考察其对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响。污泥接种入反应器后,测得接种厌氧氨氧化污泥的反应器(R1)内MLSS为0.22 g/L,另一个反应器(R2)MLSS为2.7 g/L。与直接接种厌氧氨氧化污泥相比,R1经过72 d的运行才显现出厌氧氨氧化特性。经过114 d的培养,前者氮去除速率由0.23 kg/(m3.d)提升到5.29 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于89%;R2的氮去除速率由0.01 kg/(m3.d)提升到1.1 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于84.6%。说明普通污泥启动需要一个较长的筛选过程,直接接种少量的厌氧氨氧化污泥比接种普通的污泥能够更快启动厌氧氨氧化反应器。  相似文献   

17.
Evaluation of the presence of drugs of abuse in tap waters   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A total of seventy samples of drinking water were tested for non-controlled and illicit drugs. Of these, 43 were from Spanish cities, 15 from seven other European countries, three from Japan and nine from seven different Latin American countries. The most frequently detected compounds were caffeine, nicotine, cotinine, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine, methadone and its metabolite EDDP. The mean concentrations of non-controlled drugs were: for caffeine 50 and 19 ng L−1, in Spanish and worldwide drinking water respectively and for nicotine 13 and 19 ng L−1. Illicit drugs were sparsely present and usually at ultratrace level (<1 ng L−1). For example, cocaine has mean values of 0.4 (Spain) and 0.3 ng L−1 (worldwide), whereas for benzoylecgonine, these mean values were 0.4 and 1.8 ng L−1, respectively. Higher concentrations of benzoylecgonine were found in Latin American samples (up to 15 ng L−1). No opiates were identified in any sample but the presence of methadone and EDDP was frequently detected. Total mean values for EDDP were 0.4 ng L−1 (Spain) and 0.3 ng L−1 (worldwide). Very few samples tested positive for amphetamines, in line with the reactivity of chlorine with these compounds. No cannabinoids, LSD, ketamine, fentanyl and PCP were detected.  相似文献   

18.
Biodegradation mechanisms were elucidated for three dibenzoate plasticizers: diethylene glycol dibenzoate (D(EG)DB), dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (D(PG)DB), both of which are commercially available, and 1,6-hexanediol dibenzoate, a potential green plasticizer. Degradation studies were done using Rhodococcus rhodochrous in the presence of pure alkanes as a co-substrate. As expected, the first degradation step for all of these systems was the hydrolysis of one ester bond with the release of benzoic acid and a monoester. Subsequent biodegradation of the monobenzoates of diethylene glycol (D(EG)MB) and dipropylene glycol (D(PG)MB) was very slow, leading to significant accumulation of these monoesters. In contrast, 1,6-hexanediol monobenzoate was quickly degraded and characterization of the metabolites indicated that the biodegradation proceeded by way of the oxidation of the alcohol group to generate 6-(benzoyloxy) hexanoic acid followed by β-oxidation steps. This pathway was blocked for D(EG)MB and D(PG)MB by the presence of an ether function.The use of a pure hydrocarbon as a co-substrate resulted in the formation of another class of metabolites; namely the esters of the alcohols formed by the oxidation of the alkanes and the benzoic acid released by hydrolysis of the original diesters. These metabolites were biodegraded without the accumulation of any intermediates.  相似文献   

19.
混凝试验搅拌器的研制   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
影响混凝效果的因素众多,混凝沉淀烧杯试验是进行水的混合、絮凝、沉淀工艺研究、设计和生产指导的最有效方法之一,阐述了智能型混凝试验搅拌器的设计原理和技术性能.  相似文献   

20.
以松木木屑为原料,在自制的小型流化床上,开展了生物质热裂解温度、生物质粒径和进料速率对生物油产率的影响实验研究.结果表明,在热裂解温度分别为450、475、500、525和550℃条件下,当热裂解温度为500℃时,生物油产率最高,平均产率达到53.33%(质量百分比).反应温度越高,炭产量越低,不可冷凝气体产量越高,气体发热值越高;粒径<1 mm的生物质其粒径对生物油产率影响不大;生物质进料速率增加时,生物油产率增加.本研究为生物能的利用提供了新的途径.  相似文献   

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