选矿废水的回用处理研究与实践

铅锌矿泡沫浮选废水含有大量Pb^2 离子和有机硫化物，经过混凝沉淀和活性炭吸附，去除其中的悬浮物，重金属离子和部分COD，降低其起泡性，燃后回用生产。回用实践证明，选矿废水经过上述工艺处理后，其浮选选别指标与洁净水基本一致。     

活性炭吸附-Fenton氧化处理高盐有机废水

采用活性炭吸附-Fenton氧化耦合工艺处理高盐度难降解有机废水的性能。考察了不同工艺参数对活性炭吸附及Fenton氧化对高盐有机废水处理效率的影响。结果表明,采用活性炭单独处理时,在pH=6.0,活性炭投加量为9.0g/L,吸附时间为60 min条件下,COD去除率最大,达到47.5%。活性炭吸附处理后,废水再采用Fenton氧化处理,在FeSO4.7H2O投加量为3.0 g/L,H2O2投加量为4.7 g/L,反应时间为30 min条件下,COD去除率最大,达到84.4%。整体而言,经过活性炭吸附和Fenton氧化处理后,废水COD由初始浓度13 650 mg/L降至560 mg/L,去除率达到95.9%。活性炭吸附-Fenton氧化耦合工艺适合高盐度难降解有机废水的处理。     

选矿废水的回用处理研究与实践

铅锌矿泡沫浮选废水含有大量Pb2 + 离子和有机硫化物 ,经过混凝沉淀和活性炭吸附 ,去除其中的悬浮物、重金属离子和部分COD、降低其起泡性 ,然后回用生产。回用实践证明 ,选矿废水经过上述工艺处理后 ,其浮选选别指标与洁净水基本一致     

焦化废水生物处理尾水的活性炭吸附及条件优化研究

国内焦化企业废水生物处理尾水中COD、色度等指标超标的现象大多是由残留的难降解有机物造成的。针对这种现象,通过采用不同种类和孔结构的活性炭、改变炭表面化学性质、优化吸附环境3种方式对生物处理尾水中的COD成分进行强化吸附,考察炭型、表面化学性质及pH值等因素的影响,以明确焦化废水吸附法深度处理的合理炭型及其优化的条件。把已稳定运行的1 320 m3/d处理规模焦化废水A/O/H/O工艺实际工程生物处理尾水作为研究对象,试验了13种活性炭品种的吸附去除COD及色度的效果,发现甲基蓝值和丹宁酸值大的炭型其吸附容量高;而某一种炭样的吸附特性实验中,不同化学改性时表面酸性官能团含量少的活性炭有利于提高其吸附容量,低pH值条件的吸附能力高于碱性条件,曝气混合方式能够缩短吸附平衡时间。经过优选的活性炭在适宜的反应条件下能够将焦化废水生物处理尾水中的COD值及色度值分别降低至60 mg/L及20倍以下,在较低的运行费用条件下使出水达到工业循环冷却水的水质要求。     

生物接触氧化法处理选矿废水的影响因素

选矿废水主要来源于有色金属矿山,具有水量大、悬浮物浓度高、重金属浓度高、有机浮选药剂浓度高等明显特征。选矿废水若直接排放,对环境的危害相当大。采用生物接触氧化法对模拟选矿废水进行了处理实验研究,考察了不同工艺条件对苯胺黑药、黄药及乙硫氮等浮选药剂去除效果的影响,结果表明:接触氧化反应器的最佳停留时间为8 h,进水最佳pH为6～7,葡萄糖投加量为0.1 mg/L时,降解效果达到最佳;此外,接触氧化反应器中微生物承受硫化物的浓度可达到120 mg/L。     

臭氧/活性炭联合工艺深度处理焦化废水

采用臭氧/活性炭联合工艺对焦化废水A2/O出水进行深度处理。考察了溶液初始pH值、臭氧投加量、活性炭投加量及使用次数、反应时间对焦化废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,活性炭的使用可显著提高臭氧对焦化废水COD的去除率,在溶液初始pH值为10.25、臭氧投加量为7.5 mg/min、活性炭投加量50 g/L、反应时间为30 min条件下,COD去除率达到73.51%。同时,在活性炭重复使用10次时,COD去除率为70.85%,仅降低了2.66%。     

镀镍漂洗废水中有机物的臭氧氧化处理研究

用臭氧氧化处理镀镍漂洗废水中的有机物,主要考察pH、臭氧投加量、废水初始COD浓度、温度等因素对处理效果的影响,并对反应机理进行初步的探讨.实验结果表明,废水的COD去除率随pH的增大而升高,比较适宜的pH为6～7;适当地增加臭氧投加量有利于提高COD去除率;在一定温度范围(15～35℃)内,提高反应温度有利于废水中有机物的降解;当臭氧投加量为20 mg/(min·L),对于初始COD为56 mg/L、pH 6.5的实际镀镍漂洗废水,在25 ℃的条件下氧化100min,出水COD降至10mg/L,COD去除率达到82%;在臭氧氧化镀镍漂洗废水的反应中,部分有机物的降解是在Ni2 的催化下由臭氧分解生成氧化能力更强的自由基来完成.臭氧氧化可作为镀镍漂洗废水处理回用的预处理工艺.     

Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附耦合处理焦化废水生化尾水的研究

研究了Fenton氧化、活性炭吸附、Fenton氧化一活性炭吸附等方法，对焦化废水生化尾水的处理效果，分析了Fenton氧化一活性炭吸附法处理焦化废水生化尾水的工艺条件。结果表明，Fenton氧化与活性炭吸附耦合处理焦化废水生化尾水的最优条件是：H2O2投加量为5mL／L，FeSO4·7H2O投加量为200mg／L，活性炭投加量为2g／L，反应pH=4．0，反应时间为20min。在此条件下，COD去除率可达82．6％，出水水质符合《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978--1996）一级标准。     

芬顿试剂氧化-PAC吸附工艺处理电厂排污水

开发了芬顿试剂预氧化-粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附组合工艺处理电厂循环冷却排污水。首先分别研究了芬顿试剂氧化法和粉末活性炭吸附法对有机物的去除效果,发现2种工艺在最佳处理条件时仍存在处理效果较差、药剂费用高等问题。因此,开发了芬顿试剂预氧化-PAC吸附组合工艺,研究了该工艺的影响因素,并进行小试实验。结果表明,该组合工艺在不改变原水的初始pH、H_2O_2与Fe~(2+)的摩尔比为1以及H_2O_2的投加浓度为25 mg·L~(-1)时得到最佳的预处理条件。在最佳预氧化条件下投加0.15 g·L~(-1)的PAC进行了4级逆流吸附小试实验,结果表明:该工艺处理效果稳定、药剂费用低,出水满足排放要求。     

活性炭催化臭氧氧化深度处理工艺对酵母发酵废水中有机物的去除特性分析

酵母发酵废水经过厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)-好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺处理后,仍含有较高浓度的COD,不能满足排放要求。以发酵废水处理过程中MBR处理单元的出水为研究对象,选择活性炭催化臭氧氧化作为其深度处理工艺,以活性炭吸附和单独臭氧氧化工艺作为对比,重点考察了活性炭催化臭氧氧化深度处理工艺对发酵废水中有机物的去除效能,并借助红外光谱、三维荧光光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用等方法,详细分析了发酵废水深度处理过程中有机物的变化规律。研究结果表明,活性炭催化臭氧氧化深度处理工艺对发酵废水中的芳香族化合物、具有共轭双键的有机物及色度具有良好的去除效果;并且对废水中酸类、醇类和醛类等有机物有较好的降解、转化和去除效果。此外,活性炭催化臭氧氧化工艺还可以使以烷烃、卤代烃、醇类、酯类和酮类为主的大分子有机物的含量大幅度减少。     

活性炭三维电极法对印染废水的处理研究

对三维电极方法处理印染废水进行了实验研究,初步探讨了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的机理,对影响处理效果的各种要素,如反应时间、槽电压和pH值等进行了条件实验,得出了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的最佳运行条件为:停留时间120-180 min,槽电压25～30 V,进水pH值6.5～7.5。结果表明,该反应器能有效地降低废水色度,有较高的COD去除效率,并能提高印染废水的可生化性。     

对苯二甲酸生产废水回用实验研究

采用高级氧化工艺对对苯二甲酸生产废水进行处理，系统考察了氧化剂投加量、废水pH等对处理效果的影响，得出了最佳工艺条件。经过处理的PTA废水，水质达到了车间用水的要求。本方法具有处理效果好、操作简单和环境友好等优点。     

笼状填料式厌氧折流反应器处理啤酒废水

以ABR反应器为基础,采用笼状填料,增加了缺氧与好氧段,设计了新型的ABR;以啤酒废水为处理对象,考察了新型反应器的启动过程,研究了新型反应器对废水COD的去除效果,分析了HRT、有机容积负荷对COD去除的影响,探讨了新型反应器处理过程中的pH变化及其原因,阐述了笼状填料截留和微生物的附着生长是出水SS较低的原因,出水氨氮浓度较低是增设的缺氧段和好氧段共同作用的结果。实验结果表明,其COD去除效率达96%,有机容积负荷约0.647～1.745 kg/(m3.d);当进水量为50 L/d时,其出水水质达到啤酒废水排放标准。     

Impact of Bioaugmentation with a Consortium of Bacteria on the Remediation of Wastewater-Containing Hydrocarbons (5 pp)

Goals, Scope and Background It has been observed that hydrocarbon treated wastewaters still contain high COD and a number of intermediates. This suggests that the required catabolic gene pool for further degradation might be absent in the system or, that its titer value is not significant enough. By providing the desired catabolic potential, the overall efficiency of the treatment system can be improved. This study aims to demonstrate this concept by bioaugmentation of a lab-scale reactor treating refinery wastewater with a consortium having the capacity to complement the alkB genotype to the available microbial population. Methods Two reactors were set up using activated biomass collected from a refinery treatment plant and operated at a continuous mode for a period of 8 weeks. The feed to both reactors was kept constant. Crude oil was spiked regularly. One reactor was bioaugmented with a consortium previously described for crude oil spill remediation. The efficiency of the bioaugmented reactor was demonstrated by reduced COD. The changes in the microbial population over a period of time were analyzed by RAPD. Catabolic activity of the biomass in both reactors was monitored by PCR. The presence of the catabolic loci was confirmed by Southern Hybridization. Results and Discussion 52.2% removal of COD was observed in the bioaugmented reactor while only 15.1% reduction of COD was observed in the reactor without bioaugmentation. The change in microbial population can be seen from the 4th week, which also corresponds to improved catabolic activity. The presence of the bedA locus was seen in all samples, which indicates the presence of aromatic degraders, but the appearance of the alkB locus, from the 6th week onwards, which was observed only in the samples from the bioaugmented reactor. The results suggest that the gene pool of the bioaugmented reactor has catabolic loci that can degrade accumulated intermediates, thus improving the efficiency of the system. Conclusions In this study, improvement of efficiency of bioremediation was demonstrated by addition of catabolic loci that are responsible for degradation. Bioaugmentation was carried out in biomass that was collected from an ETP (effluent treatment plant) treating hydrocarbon containing wastewater to study the strategies for improvement of the treatment system. Biostimulation, only marginally improved the efficiency, when compared to bioaugmentation. The improved efficiency was demonstrated by COD removal. The presence of the alkB locus suggests the importance of a catabolic gene pool that acts on accumulated intermediates. It is well documented that straight chain aliphatics and intermediates of aromatic compounds after ring cleavage, accumulate in refinery wastewater systems, thereby hindering further degradation of the wastewater. Supplementation of a catabolic gene pool that treats the lower pathway compounds and alkanes will improve the overall efficiency. In this study, results suggest that the alkB locus can also be used to monitor the degradative mode of the activated biomass. Recommendations and Perspective . Pollution from petroleum and petroleum products around the globe are known to have grave consequences on the environment. Bioremediation, using activated sludge, is one option for the treatment of such wastes. Effluent treatment plants are usually unable to completely degrade the wastewater being treated in the biological unit (the aerator chambers). The efficiency of degradation can be improved by biostimulation and bioaugmentation. This study demonstrates the improved efficiency of a treatment system for wastewater containing hydrocarbons by bioaugmentation of a consortium that supports degradation. Further experiments on a pilot scale are recommended to assess the use of bioaugmentation on a large scale. The use of molecular tools, like DNA probes for alkB, to monitor the system also needs to be explored.     

复合生物反应器处理焦化废水试验研究

采用在悬浮相污泥中投入纤维球填料形成单一复合生物反应器来处理焦化废水,研究了各个运行参数对复合生物反应器处理效果的影响,确定出最佳的运行参数,并研究了在最佳运行条件下复合生物反应器对焦化废水中的COD和NH3-N的去除情况。试验结果表明,采用单一复合生物反应器是一种很好的焦化废水处理方法,它能有效地降解焦化废水中的COD和NH3-N等难降解物质,当进水COD和NH3-N分别小于670、260mg／L时,COD和NH3-N的去除率分别可高达94．8％和91．4％。     

Coagulant recovery from water treatment plant sludge and reuse in post-treatment of UASB reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater

In the present study, feasibility of recovering the coagulant from water treatment plant sludge with sulphuric acid and reusing it in post-treatment of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater were studied. The optimum conditions for coagulant recovery from water treatment plant sludge were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Sludge obtained from plants that use polyaluminium chloride (PACl) and alum coagulant was utilised for the study. Effect of three variables, pH, solid content and mixing time was studied using a Box–Behnken statistical experimental design. RSM model was developed based on the experimental aluminium recovery, and the response plots were developed. Results of the study showed significant effects of all the three variables and their interactions in the recovery process. The optimum aluminium recovery of 73.26 and 62.73 % from PACl sludge and alum sludge, respectively, was obtained at pH of 2.0, solid content of 0.5 % and mixing time of 30 min. The recovered coagulant solution had elevated concentrations of certain metals and chemical oxygen demand (COD) which raised concern about its reuse potential in water treatment. Hence, the coagulant recovered from PACl sludge was reused as coagulant for post-treatment of UASB reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater. The recovered coagulant gave 71 % COD, 80 % turbidity, 89 % phosphate, 77 % suspended solids and 99.5 % total coliform removal at 25 mg Al/L. Fresh PACl also gave similar performance but at higher dose of 40 mg Al/L. The results suggest that coagulant can be recovered from water treatment plant sludge and can be used to treat UASB reactor effluent treating municipal wastewater which can reduce the consumption of fresh coagulant in wastewater treatment.     

一种新型的污水处理设备--拼装式反应器

拼装式反应器是一种采用栓接方式将经过防腐处理的钢板现场拼接的新型的污水处理设备.反应器的设计由反应器罐体结构设计、基础设计及配套产品的嵌接设计3个方面构成;拼装式反应器与成熟的污水处理技术(如UASB、水解工艺、SBR、BAF等)的结合提高了污水处理设备的技术含量.拼装式反应器已在猪场废水、食品加工废水、制药废水、啤酒废水及城市污水等废水处理工程中得到了成功应用.     

用兼氧,好氧生物接触氧化一气浮工艺处理高浓度印染废水

介绍了常温条件下,采用兼氧、好氧化生物接触氧化一气浮高浓度印染废水的工程应用,结果表明,在常温下印染废水经该工艺纺织印染綮不的实际工程中。     

Fenton氧化与铁炭微电解组合预处理DMF废水

对COD表征模拟废水中DMF去除率的可行性进行了探讨。在此基础上,分别对铁炭微电解、Fenton氧化-铁炭微电解和铁炭微电解-Fenton氧化组合工艺对DMF废水的处理效果进行分析,结果表明,Fenton氧化-铁炭微电解工艺的处理效果较好。在pH=5,反应时间为1 h,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为1 000 mg/L、H2O2投加量为2.67 mL/L和不曝气的最佳反应条件下,Fenton氧化-铁炭微电解工艺对实际废水和废液中COD的去除率分别达到66.67%和72.22%,从而验证了该工艺处理DMF废水的可行性。此外,Fenton氧化处理DMF废水过程实际上是将酰胺基团和羰基的不饱和双键氧化分解的过程。     

Fenton-混凝法处理焦化废水的试验研究

对Fenton预氧化-混凝法联用技术处理焦化废水进行了研究，探讨了Fenton氧化阶段H2O2投加量、混凝阶段pH值以及混凝剂投加量等因素对焦化废水COD去除率的影响，确定了最佳处理条件。结果表明，Fenton预氧化一混凝法处理焦化废水取得了良好效果，COD去除率达97．5％，为该工艺实际处理焦化废水提供了实验依据。