O3/H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2加入量的简易控制方法

对与臭氧有着不同反应活性的3类有机污染物,探讨并建立了O3/H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2较优投加量的简易控制方法.结果表明,水中存在溶解臭氧是H2O2与臭氧降解效率具有协同作用的必要条件,另外,H2O2的较优加入量直接依赖于目标有机污染物与臭氧的反应活性.对于不同的有机物及在常规的臭氧化水处理时间内,H2O2加入量控制在单独臭氧化处理时水中溶解臭氧的20～30倍(质量比)之间为宜.这种简易控制H2O2加入量的方法对推广O3/H2O2技术在实际废水处理中的应用具有重要的意义.     

紫外光助O3、H2O2氧化降解炼油废碱水的可行性实验

炼油高浓度有机废碱水是石化行业中很难降解的废水。本实验用光化学氧化技术对其进行了降解研究，比较了紫外光／空气、紫外光／O3、紫外光／空气／H2O2系统的处理效果。结果表明，光化学氧化技术降解此废水是可行的，紫外光可使废水中COD、油、酚的降解率明显提高。当废水中O3的投加量每小时为22mg／L，或H2O2投加量为1％／L时，UV／O3法与UV／空气／H2O2法的降解效果相近。同时，通过控制O，浓度或H2O2的投加量等条件，可使废水中COD、油、酚和硫化物降解到地方污染物二级排放标准。     

O3、H2O2／O3及UV／O3在焦化废水深度处理中的应用

采用O3、H2O2／O3及UV／O3等高级氧化技术（AOPs）对某焦化公司的生化出水进行深度处理，考察了O3与废水的接触时间、溶液pH、反应温度等因素对废水COD去除率的影响，确定出O3氧化反应的最佳工艺参数为：接触时间40min，溶液pH8．5，反应温度25℃，此条件下废水COD及UV254的去除率最高可达47．14％和73．47％；H2O2／O3及UV／O3两种组合工艺对焦化废水COD及UV254的去除率均有一定程度的提高，但H2O2／O3系统的运行效果取决于H2O2的投加量。研究结论表明，单纯采用COD作为评价指标，并不能准确反映出O3系列AOPs对焦化废水中有机污染物的降解作用。     

用H2O2/Fe^3＋处理高浓度含甲醛废水的研究

研究采用H2O2/Fe^3＋催化氧化处理高浓度含甲醛废水,探讨了双氧水和催化剂投加量、反应pH及反应温度等操作条件对处理效果的影响,并通过酸溶解回用失活催化剂。结果表明,较优的操作条件为：H2O2/COD（质量比）=2.2～2.6,Fe^3＋/H2O2（摩尔比）=0.048～0.058,反应pH1.80～2.68,反应温度50℃,反应时间40 min;在上述操作条件下,甲醛去除率达到99%以上,COD去除率达到85%以上。失活的催化剂可通过稀酸溶解后循环使用,其效果与三价铁盐作催化剂的基本相同。采用H2O2/Fe^3＋处理含甲醛废水具有比采用H2O2/Fe^2＋较优的效果。     

紫外光助O3、H2O2氧化降解炼油废碱水的可行性实验

炼油高浓度有机废碱水是石化行业中很难降解的废水.本实验用光化学氧化技术对其进行了降解研究,比较了紫外光/空气、紫外光/O3、紫外光/空气/H2O2系统的处理效果.结果表明,光化学氧化技术降解此废水是可行的,紫外光可使废水中COD、油、酚的降解率明显提高.当废水中O3的投加量每小时为22 mg/L,或H2O2投加量为1%/L时,UV/O3法与UV/空气/H2O2法的降解效果相近.同时,通过控制O3浓度或H2O2的投加量等条件,可使废水中COD、油、酚和硫化物降解到地方污染物二级排放标准.     

微气泡曝气O3／H2O2处理RO浓水的效能及影响因素

采用O3／H2O2高级氧化工艺处理炼油厂反渗透（RO）浓水，用溶气泵加压溶气并产生微气泡强化传质，确定装置运行条件，考察气体中臭氧浓度、O3／H2O2初始摩尔比、pH和温度对O3／H2O2处理RO浓水效果的影响，并对RO浓水处理效能进行研究。结果表明，随着气体中臭氧浓度的增加，COD的去除率基本呈线性增加；加入适当量H，0，能提高臭氧氧化RO浓水的效果，O3／H2O2初始摩尔比在0～0．8范围内，COD的去除率先增加后下降，O3／H2O2初始摩尔比为O．5时COD去除率最大；pH从6．84增加到9．01，COD去除率逐渐增大，pH为10．03时COD去除率反而降低；在14～28℃范围内，温度低时，升高温度COD去除率增加较大，温度较高时，升高温度对COD去除率的影响较小。为考察该工艺的稳定性，在H：0：／0，初始摩尔比为O．5、溶液pH为8～9、臭氧浓度为80～100mg／L、温度为10-28℃条件下，对COD为90～140mg／L的RO浓水氧化处理4～10h，出水COD维持在39．9～49．9mg／L，达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准（GB18918—2002）》中的一级A标准；去除1gCOD消耗031．4～3．3g，消耗0，与H，02的总氧量为2．2～4．4g。     

H2O2预氧化颤藻及其复合高岭土除藻性能研究

为了降低给水中藻类浓度,以过氧化氢为预氧化剂,预氧化藻后加入的高岭土、PAC分别为助凝剂和絮凝剂,对混凝去除颤藻进行了研究.结果表明,H2O2具有显著预氧化抑制藻活性的功能,投加量为2.5 mg/L时可抑制其生长活性20 d以上.在实验水质条件下,通过正交实验得出最佳复配条件是:H2O2投加量为2.5 mg/L,预氧化...     

光催化-臭氧氧化降解H酸的研究

采用光催化一臭氧氧化技术（催化膜／UV／O3）降解H酸。研究结果表明，光催化与臭氧氧化相结合具有明显的协同作用。实验进一步讨论了臭氧投加量、废水初始pH值和H酸初始浓度对光催化一臭氧氧化降解H酸的影响。降解后的H酸，萘环结构被破坏，可生化性提高。     

O3/H2O2法去除浮选药剂丁基黄药

采用O3/H2O2法去除水中丁基黄药,考察了H2O2/O3摩尔比、pH值、丁基黄药初始浓度、温度和自由基抑制剂对丁基黄药的去除效果的影响。结果表明,在相同O3投加量下,H2O2量越大,丁基黄药去除率越高。pH值为7～9,温度在293～303 K的范围内,O3/H2O2对丁基黄药都有很高的去除率。碳酸氢根和叔丁醇能在一定程度上降低丁基黄药的降解效率。研究还发现,在O3和H2O2投加量相同的条件下,H2O2多次投加对水中丁基黄药的处理效果明显优于一次性投加。GC/MS分析表明,O3/H2O2氧化丁基黄药氧化产物为羧酸类物质。     

Mn的氧化价态对Mn／γ-Al2O3催化剂催化臭氧氧化气相低浓度甲苯的影响

采用共沉淀法，以Al2O3为载体制备Mn／γ-Al2O3和Mn—Ce／Mn／γ-Al2O3催化剂，并分别在N2气氛和O2气氛下焙烧。采用固定床连续流动反应器，研究所制备催化剂在室温条件下催化臭氧氧化甲苯的性能。通过XRD、XPS和FTIR等手段对催化剂的结构和组成进行表征。结果表明，Mn／Mn／γ-Al2O3催化剂具有良好的催化臭氧氧化甲苯和催化臭氧自身分解的性能，共沉淀法制备催化剂的最佳Mn负载量为20％。O2气氛焙烧和Ce的加入，可以有效提高催化剂的活性和寿命。原因是O2气氛焙烧和Ce的加入可以提高Mn的氧化价态。催化剂失活的主要原因是有机副产物在催化剂表面吸附堆积，失活催化剂在550℃、空气气氛下焙烧可恢复催化性能。     

Replacement of H2O2 by O2 in Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions

The consumption of oxygen during the degradation of aniline by Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions is studied. The effect that parameters like aniline, Fe(II) and H2O2 initial concentration, pH, temperature and O2 flow rate have on the ratio O2 consumed/H2O2 consumed is examined. The determination of those combinations of experimental conditions for which an effective partial replacement of H2O2 by O2 as electron acceptor takes place is investigated. The results show that this replacement takes place in a variable extent, but the presence of H2O2 is necessary along the reaction, and the maximum consumption of O2 only takes place when the ratio amount of aniline mineralized vs. initial aniline concentration is minimal.     

H_2O_2/Fe~0、H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)、H_2O_2/Fe~(3+)3种体系处理印染废水

采用H2O2/Fe0、H2O2/Fe2+、H2O2/Fe3+3种体系分别对印染废水进行处理,研究pH值、H2O2投加量、不同价态铁元素的投加量及反应时间对印染废水的COD和色度处理效果的影响。实验最佳的处理条件:H2O2/Fe0体系在pH为3.0,Fe0投加量为3.0 mmol/L,H2O2投加量为9.0 m L/L,反应时间为40 min时,COD去除率达到95.99%,色度去除率达到100%;H2O2/Fe3+体系在pH为3.0,Fe3+投加量为5.0 mmol/L,H2O2投加量为12.5 m L/L,反应时间为100 min时,COD去除率达到95.89%,色度去除率达到100%;H2O2/Fe2+体系在pH为3.0,Fe2+投加量为6.0 mmol/L,H2O2投加量为12.0m L/L,反应时间为100 min时,COD去除率达到95.85%,色度去除率达到100%。对比分析3种体系在各因素下的处理结果,H2O2/Fe0体系和H2O2/Fe3+体系都要优于H2O2/Fe2+体系,其中H2O2/Fe0体系的处理效果最好。     

UV/H2O2/Fe-FeOxH2x-3和UV/H2O2工艺降解水中富里酸的研究

采用硼氢化钠还原法制备核-壳结构的Fe-FeOxH2x-3复合材料,研究了富里酸在UV/H2O2和UV/H2O2/FeFeOxH2x-3两种不同反应体系下的降解情况.结果表明,核-壳结构Fe-FeOxH2x-3的存在,提高了UV/H2O2降解富里酸的反应速率,TOC去除达到84%.采用XAD树脂吸附法对反应前后的富里酸进行化学分级表征,结果表明,富里酸经反应后憎水酸(HoA)、弱憎水酸(WHoA)和憎水中性物质(HoN)都有所减少,进而转化为亲水性物质(HiM);用超滤膜法对富里酸进行物理分级表征,考察了富里酸在反应前后分子量分布的变化情况.同时,富里酸经过反应后生成的中间产物降低了三氯甲烷生成趋势.     

O_3/H_2O_2深度处理印染废水二级出水

采用O3/H2O2高级氧化工艺深度处理印染废水二级出水,考察了不同反应条件对O3/H2O2工艺的影响,并且对污水二级出水有机物(Ef OM)的性质和去除行为进行了表征分析。结果表明,在p H=9,臭氧进气流量0.2 L/min,臭氧浓度116 mg/L,反应时间100 min,H2O2投加量9.79 mmol/L时,COD和色度去除率分别为82.2%、96.9%,B/C(BOD5/COD)由初始的0.10提升到0.32。此外,三维荧光光谱(3DEEM)、相对分子质量分布(MWD)以及亲疏水性分布分析表明,处理后Ef OM的荧光特性发生变化,低分子量物质大量增加,亲疏水性分布也有所改变。     

Absorption cross-sections of atmospheric constituents: NO2, O2, and H2O

Absorption spectroscopy, which is widely used for concentration measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric compounds, requires precise values of the absorption cross-sections of the measured species. NO₂, O₂ and its collision-induced absorption spectrum, and H₂O absorption cross-sections have been measured at temperature and pressure conditions prevailing in the Earth’s atmosphere. Corrections to the generally accepted analysis procedures used to resolve the convolution problem are also proposed.     

Oxidation of MCPA and 2,4-D by UV radiation, ozone, and the combinations UV/H2O2 and O3/H2O2

The phenoxyalkyl acid derivative herbicides MCPA (4-chloro 2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) were oxidized in ultrapure water by means of a monochromatic UV irradiation and by ozone, as well as by the combinations UV/H2O2 and O3/H2O2. In the direct photolysis of MCPA, the quantum yield at 20 degrees C was directly evaluated and a value of 0.150 mol Eins(-1) was obtained in the pH range 5-9, while a lower value of 0.41 x 10(-2) mol Eins(-1) was determined at pH=3. Similarly, for 2,4-D a value of 0.81 x 10(-2) mol Eins(-1) was deduced, independent of the pH of work. The influence of the additional presence of hydrogen peroxide was established in the combined process UV/H2O2, and the specific contribution of the radical pathway to the global photo-degradation was evaluated. The oxidation by ozone and by the combination O3/H2O2 was also studied, with the determination of the rate constants for the reactions of both herbicides with ozone and hydroxyl radicals at 20 degrees C. These rate constants for the direct reactions with ozone were 47.7 and 21.9 M(-1) s(-1) for MCPA and 2,4-D respectively, while the found values for the rate constants corresponding to the radical reactions were 6.6 x 10(9) and 5.1 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1).     

Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing antibiotics by O3 and O3/H2O2 processes

Ozonation of three different synthetic pharmaceutical formulation wastewater containing two human antibiotics and a veterinary antibiotic has been studied to enhance the their biodegradability. The effects of pH and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) value as well as addition of hydrogen peroxide on ozonation process were investigated. Total organic carbon (TOC), COD, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and aromatic content (UV254) were the parameters followed to evaluate the performance of ozonation process. Comparison of the biodegradability of selected wastewaters containing different antibiotics confirmed that the variation of biodegradability was associated with the target compound. While BOD5/COD ratio of veterinary antibiotic formulation wastewater was increased from 0.077 to 0.38 with an applied ozone dosage of 2.96 g/l, this ratio for human antibiotic I and human antibiotic II was increased from 0 to 0.1 and 0.27 respectively. Moreover the results of this investigation showed that the ozonation process is capable of achieving high levels of COD and aromaticity removals at about their natural pH values.     

O3/H2O2降解阿特拉津影响因素研究

采用O3/H2O2氧化去除水中内分泌干扰物阿特拉津,考察了反应条件及水质对去除的影响,并对反应机制进行了初步探讨.阿特拉津初始浓度2 mg/L,投量为7.5 mg/L的O3单独氧化去除率为27.2%;相同O3投量下,控制H2O2/O3摩尔比为0.75,5 min阿特拉津的去除率最高可达96.5%;pH值为7.5～8.5,温度在25～40℃的范围内,都维持了较高的去除率,表明H2O2/O3体系对阿特拉津的去除效果良好,降解速度快,反应条件温和.0.5 mg/L的腐殖酸,对阿特拉津的去除影响不大,腐殖酸浓度为1、2和5 mg/L时,平均去除率分别为63.4%、50.7%和30.2%;碳酸氢钠的浓度为50和200 mg/L时,去除率分别为88.1%和73.8%,说明水质对阿特拉津的去除影响较大.叔丁醇的浓度为5和20 mg/L时,阿特拉津的去除率分别降低到44.7%和27.5%,去除率随自由基抑制剂叔丁醇增加而降低,说明H2O2/O3降解阿特拉津主要为该体系产生的羟基自由基的贡献.