污泥淤砂分离器再分离底流污泥

研究了污泥淤砂分离器对分离原污泥所得的底流污泥进行再分离时,分离分流污泥的性质。实验结果表明,原污泥MLVSS/MLSS为0.372,1次分离后得到的底流污泥MLVSS/MLSS为0.222,2次分离后得到的底流污泥MLVSS/MLSS为0.126,表明通过底流污泥再分离,能够进一步降低底流污泥中生物有机质的含量,提高底流污泥中无机淤砂的含量。同时,原污泥CST为2.85(s·L)/g SS,1次分离后得到的底流污泥CST为0.98(s·L)/g SS,2次分离后得到的底流污泥CST为0.12(s·L)/g SS,表明底流污泥再分离进一步提高了底流污泥的脱水性能,最终得到的底流污泥脱水性能良好。     

3种污泥对活性黑KN-B的生物吸附及降解研究

对比研究了好氧污泥、厌氧污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥对染料活性黑KN-B的吸附和降解。结果表明,这3种污泥对活性黑的吸附均符合Freundlich模型(R~2为0.9665～0.9859)和Langmuir模型(R~2为0.9460～0.9906),但3种污泥对活性黑这种染料的吸附量较小;并且厌氧污泥对活性黑的吸附能力优于好氧污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥。实验还发现,3种污泥对活性黑的脱色主要是生物降解作用,而不是吸附作用。     

污泥淤砂分离器再分离溢流污泥

研究了污泥淤砂分离器对分离原污泥所得的溢流污泥进行再分离时,分离器的分离效果和分离分流污泥的性质。实验结果表明,污泥淤砂分离器对溢流污泥进行再分离时,分离器的除砂效率为34.5%,分离度为1.60,与分离原污泥时相比,分离器的分离性能降低;分离得到的溢流污泥MLVSS/MLSS比值为0.406,仅比进料污泥增加了2.2%,未能进一步提高溢流污泥MLVSS/MLSS比值;分离得到的底流污泥浓度MLSS为16.81 g/L,仅为原污泥浓度的1.4倍,底流污泥SVI、CST分别为45.7 mL/g和1.37 s·L/g SS,与原污泥相比仅分别减小了9.3%和2.7%,溢流污泥再分离,会降低底流污泥的浓缩效果,降低底流污泥沉降性能、脱水性能的提高幅度,不利于底流污泥的处理处置。     

污泥淤砂分离器对分离分流污泥性质的影响

为解决我国很多城镇污水厂活性污泥的MLVSS/MLSS普遍偏低,污泥中泥沙淤积严重的问题,根据水力旋流器的分离原理,开发了污泥淤砂分离器,实现污泥中生物基质和淤砂的分离分流,研究污泥淤砂分离器主要结构参数排口比(底流口直径/溢流管直径)对分离分流污泥性质的影响。实验结果表明,排口比为0.4时,污泥经过污泥淤砂分离器后,得到的底流污泥MLVSS/MLSS比原污泥减小了34%,溢流污泥MLVSS/MLSS增大了16.8%,污泥中的生物基质富集在溢流污泥中,淤砂富集在底流污泥中;底流污泥浓度MLSS比原污泥增加了2.6倍,底流污泥SVI和CST分别减小了68%和70%,底流污泥浓缩效果明显,沉降性能和脱水性能大幅提高,有利于底流污泥的处理处置;进一步减小排口比,底流污泥浓缩效果、沉降性能和脱水性能均进一步提高。     

磺胺和四环素类抗生素对活性污泥性能的影响简

废水处理工艺中抗生素类污染物的存在可能会对生物处理过程产生长期而深远的影响，为探明此类污染物对废水生物处理主体活性污泥性能等方面的影响，采用间歇培养法研究了活性污泥法处理污水时，抗生素类污染物的存在对活性污泥性能如胞外聚合物（EPS）、污染物处理能力、脱氢酶活性和群落结构的影响。结果表明，抗生素的存在会导致活性污泥的胞外聚合物总量及其主要组分蛋白质和多糖增加，以产生保护屏障；且由于污泥絮体解体，细胞破裂导致EPS中DNA和色氨酸含量增加。同时，由于蛋白质大量增加引起的表面负电荷的增加，使污泥疏水性增强，絮凝性能恶化；污泥絮体解体导致污泥颗粒变小，SVI也随之下降；在活性污泥脱氢酶活性急剧下降的同时，出水TOC迅速升高。此外，抗生素类污染物在抑制活性污泥中大部分细菌的同时，对部分菌群也有刺激生长作用，最终导致活性污泥生物群落结构的改变。四环素类抗生素对活性污泥的EPS和絮凝沉降性能的影响大于磺胺类，而对污水处理能力和群落结构的影响则不如磺胺类。抗生素类污染物的长期存在会对活性污泥沉降性能、絮凝性能、脱氢酶活性以及活性污泥群落结构等产生一系列负面影响，进而影响污染物去除效果，导致出水水质恶化。     

污泥负荷对UASB处理低浓度污水运行效果和污泥性质的影响

采用升流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器处理低浓度生活污水，探讨了不同污泥负荷对运行效果及污泥性质的影响。通过考察有机物去除率、有机酸积累、污泥粒径、污泥比产甲烷活性、溶解性微生物产物（SMP）、胞外聚合物（EPS）等生化指标，得出如下结论：在受试条件下，污泥负荷率的升高不利于有机物的去除；有机酸特别是乙酸的积累，以及受基质缺乏及污泥洗脱限制的污泥积累，是影响处理效果的因素；稳定阶段污泥的胞外聚合物以紧密附着型EPS为主，污泥负荷升高将导致其浓度升高，而对SMP和松散附着型EPS没有显著影响，EPS的浓度及其组成不影响污泥性质。高的污泥负荷下污泥的产甲烷活性较高。在本实验中，F/M=0.4 g COD/（g MLSS·d）是最佳的污泥负荷条件。     

过量生石灰对污泥含水率和有机物含量的影响

为了研究生石灰(氧化钙,CaO)处理活性污泥对污泥含水率和有机物含量的影响,通过向南京某城市污水处理厂出厂污泥投加过量CaO进行脱水实验,测定投加CaO后污泥的含水率;烘干后的脱水污泥进行热重实验,研究CaO投加量对污泥中有机组分含量的影响.脱水实验表明:随着CaO与污泥质量比的增大,污泥含水率迅速减小,当质量比达到1.5时,污泥达到完全脱水;投加过量CaO的脱水污泥呈干燥的粉末状,粒度均匀,可作为水泥生产的辅料。热重实验表明:投加CaO后单位干泥失重百分比随CaO与污泥质量比增大而逐渐减小,向污泥中投加CaO有利于污泥中有机组分的释放和去除,实现污泥的稳定化。     

Effects of sludge-amendment on mineralization of pyrene and microorganisms in sludge and soil.

Hydrophobic contaminants sorb to sludge in wastewater treatment plants and enter the soil environment when the sludge is applied to agricultural fields. The mineralization of pyrene was examined in soil, in sludge mixed homogeneously into soil, and in sludge-soil systems containing a lump of sludge. Sludge-amendment enhanced the mineralization of pyrene in the soil compared to soil without sludge, and the most extensive mineralization was observed when the sludge was kept in a lump. The number of protozoa, heterotrophic bacteria and pyrene-mineralizing bacteria was much higher in the sludge compared to the soil. The amendment of sludge did not affect the number of protozoa and bacteria in the surrounding soil, which indicated that organic contaminants in the sludge had a little effect on the number of protozoa and bacteria in the surrounding soil.     

磺胺和四环素类抗生素对活性污泥性能的影响

废水处理工艺中抗生素类污染物的存在可能会对生物处理过程产生长期而深远的影响，为探明此类污染物对废水生物处理主体活性污泥性能等方面的影响，采用间歇培养法研究了活性污泥法处理污水时，抗生素类污染物的存在对活性污泥性能如胞外聚合物（EPS）、污染物处理能力、脱氢酶活性和群落结构的影响。结果表明，抗生素的存在会导致活性污泥的胞外聚合物总量及其主要组分蛋白质和多糖增加，以产生保护屏障；且由于污泥絮体解体，细胞破裂导致EPS中DNA和色氨酸含量增加。同时，由于蛋白质大量增加引起的表面负电荷的增加，使污泥疏水性增强，絮凝性能恶化；污泥絮体解体导致污泥颗粒变小，SVI也随之下降；在活性污泥脱氢酶活性急剧下降的同时，出水TOC迅速升高。此外，抗生素类污染物在抑制活性污泥中大部分细菌的同时，对部分菌群也有刺激生长作用，最终导致活性污泥生物群落结构的改变。四环素类抗生素对活性污泥的EPS和絮凝沉降性能的影响大于磺胺类，而对污水处理能力和群落结构的影响则不如磺胺类。抗生素类污染物的长期存在会对活性污泥沉降性能、絮凝性能、脱氢酶活性以及活性污泥群落结构等产生一系列负面影响，进而影响污染物去除效果，导致出水水质恶化。     

3种污泥对磺胺二甲基嘧啶的吸附性能

研究了厌氧颗粒污泥、厌氧污泥及好氧污泥对磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)的吸附性能。当SM2初始浓度为50μg/L时,采用活性污泥灭活吸附,考察了吸附平衡时间、吸附等温线及温度对污泥吸附的影响,并比较了失活污泥与活性污泥的吸附性能。结果表明,3种污泥对SM2的吸附均在1 h内达到吸附平衡;3种失活污泥对SM2的吸附都可用Freundl-ich和Langmuir吸附模型来描述,并且Freundlich吸附模型的拟合效果要好于Langmuir模型(R2F>R2L);温度对3种污泥吸附影响规律一致,并且吸附常数KF(15℃)>KF(25℃)>KF(35℃),这说明吸附为放热反应,低温有利于吸附反应的进行。活性污泥对SM2的吸附与失活污泥吸附规律一致,都符合Freundlich模型。3种活性污泥对SM2的去除是吸附和降解的共同作用,并且都是降解占主导地位,降解效率为厌氧污泥>好氧污泥>厌氧颗粒污泥。     

超声破解污泥影响因素分析

超声破解是促进污泥快速厌氧消化的一项新技术,不仅超声波参数直接影响污泥破解效果,而且污泥性质和辅助条件也影响污泥破解效果.以污泥溶解性化学需氧量增加值(SCOD )和污泥破解度(DDSCOD)为评价参数,通过超声破解不同性质污泥试验,得出污泥的初始温度、pH值和污泥浓度等参数对污泥破解效果起重要作用.增加搅拌和曝气辅助条件破解污泥的试验,得出间歇搅拌和曝气能增强污泥超声破解效果.     

Correlation analysis of major control factors for the formation and stabilization of aerobic granule

In recent years, aerobic granular sludge technology has demonstrated significant advantages in areas such as the sludge–water separation, residual sludge minimization, simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and toxic organic compounds degradation in biological wastewater treatment. However, the critical control factors and their relation during sludge granulation have not been revealed indeed, and the stability of aerobic granular sludge is still not good. The Gray’s correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship of aerobic granular characteristics and control factors in the study. Results showed that the organic loading rate, hydraulic shear stress, and sludge settling time were the major factors affecting the aerobic sludge granulation, and the associated regulating strategy was important for the stabilization of granular sludge system. Based on above results, the mechanism of aerobic sludge granulation was proposed, and it was expected to favor the application of aerobic granular sludge technology.     

厌氧氨氧化菌接种污泥的选择培养过程研究

厌氧氨氧化菌的2种不同接种污泥培养实验表明,厌氧消化污泥和好氧硝化污泥均可成功启动厌氧氨氧化过程.接种厌氧消化污泥比好氧硝化污泥培养的厌氧氨氧化菌启动快,但后者去除效果较好.接种好氧硝化污泥的反应器的厌氧氨氧化速率随着氨氮基质进水浓度的增加呈线性增加.进水氨氮浓度为280 mg/L时的氨氮平均去除率达91%;而接种厌氧消化污泥的相应氨氮平均去除率仅为52%.厌氧氨氧化过程以接种好氧硝化污泥来启动为宜.     

深圳市污水处理厂剩余污泥干化特性研究

对深圳市污水处理厂旱季和雨季的剩余污泥泥质进行了分析,并采用桨叶式污泥干化机对剩余污泥的干化特性及干化过程中的污染物排放特性进行了研究.结果表明,相对于雨季剩余污泥,旱季剩余污泥的干化速率总体更高,旱季剩余污泥在含水率由80％降至60％的干化阶段,干化速率比雨季剩余污泥约高1倍,而当含水率低于60％后,两者的干化速率基...     

Interlaboratory comparison exercise for the analysis of PCDD/Fs in samples of digested sewage sludge

Five UK laboratories participated in a study designed to explore the principal sources of interlaboratory variation in the analysis of PCDD/Fs in sewage sludge. Samples of wet sludge, dry sludge, toluene extract of sludge and cleaned extract of sludge were prepared by an organising laboratory. The samples were analysed in duplicate by each laboratory along with a solution of PCDD/F standards and reference sediment. Mean coefficients of variation between laboratories were 45% for the wet sludge, 33% for the dry sludge, 32% for the extract of sludge, 36% for the cleaned extract of sludge, 32% for the reference sediment and 28% for the standard solution. The results were subjected to statistical analysis, which showed that there was no specific part of the analysis that introduced a dominant part of the variation. The spread of data generated from the analysis of wet sludge samples was not appreciably greater than the spread for the analysis of cleaned extracts. Thus the drying, extraction and clean up processes in the PCDD/F analysis of wet sludge did not have a dramatic effect on the interlaboratory variation.     

Partitioning of nutrients and micropollutants along the sludge treatment line: a case study

A 2-year sampling campaign was conducted in three wastewater treatment plants of various sizes in the Rome area to assess the occurrence of nutrients and micropollutants among primary, secondary and digested sludge. The primary purpose was to evaluate the quality of different sludge types and their suitability for agricultural use. Primary sludge was consistently more polluted than secondary in terms of organic micropollutants, whereas heavy metals partitioned equally among the sludge types. In digested sludge, the heavy metal concentrations were always below limit values proposed for agricultural utilisation. In contrast, organic micropollutants concentrated during anaerobic digestion and affected the quality of the digested sludge. Secondary sludge resulted less polluted and richer in nitrogen and phosphorus (up to three times) than primary sludge and is hence more suitable for agricultural use. Separate processing of primary and secondary sludge might therefore be an innovative option for sludge management that could maximise the possibilities of agricultural use of secondary sludge and limit disposal problems only to primary sludge. In fact, primary sludge could be easily treated and disposed of by conventional processes including thickening, anaerobic digestion, centrifugation and incineration, whereas the difficult digestibility of secondary sludge could be improved by disintegration pre-treatment before stabilisation.     

Pretreatment of sludge with microwaves for pathogen destruction and improved anaerobic digestion performance.

A new way of generating Class A sludge using microwaves was evaluated through a series of laboratory-scale experiments. Microwaves provide rapid and uniform heating throughout the material. Other benefits of microwave treatment include instant and accurate control and selective and concentrated heating on materials, such as sludge, that have a high dielectric loss factor. Sludge was irradiated with 2450-MHz microwaves, and fecal coliforms were counted. Fecal coliforms were not detected at 65 degrees C for primary sludge and anaerobic digester sludge and at 85 degrees C for waste activated sludge when sludge was irradiated with 2450-MHz microwaves. During the bench-scale anaerobic digester operation, the highest average log reduction of fecal coliforms was achieved by the anaerobic digester fed with microwave-pretreated sludge (> or = 2.66 log removal). The anaerobic digester fed with microwave-irradiated sludge was more efficient in inactivation of fecal coliforms than the other two digesters fed with raw sludge and externally heated sludge, respectively. It took more than three hydraulic retention times for a bench-scale mesophilic anaerobic digester to meet Class A sludge requirements after feeding microwave-irradiated sludge. Class A sludge can be produced consistently with a continuously fed mesophilic anaerobic digester if sludge is pretreated with microwaves to reach 65 degrees C.     

生物铁泥的Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力及影响因素

以生物铁泥和普通活性污泥为对象,在不同碳源及兼氧/厌氧条件下采用实验室恒温培养的方法考察了不同活性污泥的Fe（Ⅲ）还原性能。研究结果表明,不同活性污泥Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力相差较大,生物铁泥的Fe（Ⅲ）还原性能明显优于普通活性污泥,在兼性厌氧与严格厌氧条件下,分别是普通活性污泥的1.87倍和1.76倍;碳源对生物铁泥的Fe（Ⅲ）还原影响较小,而对普通活性污泥的Fe（Ⅲ）还原过程呈现出较明显的负影响;在实验控制的兼氧/厌氧条件下,2种活性污泥厌氧条件下Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力均大于兼氧条件。为活性污泥Fe（Ⅲ）还原过程的工程实际应用提供了理论依据。     

Implications of rhizospheric heavy metals and nutrients for the growth of alfalfa in sludge amended soil

Rhizospheric distribution of nutrients and heavy metals in sludge amended soil was investigated using the rhizobag technique to give an indication of the release of metals from wastewater sludge. DTPA-extractable Zn, Cd, Ni and Mn, and available P, K and NH4+-N in the rhizosphere were markedly depleted when soil was amended with sludge. There was no conspicuous depletion or accumulation of DTPA-extractable Cu in the rhizosphere when the soil was amended with sewage sludge but DTPA-extractable Fe accumulated in the rhizosphere when the soil was amended with increasing amounts of sludge. The pH value in the rhizosphere increased with distance from the roots when soil was amended with larger amounts of sludge. The exchangeable fraction of Cu in the rhizosphere was depleted whether or not the soil was treated with sludge. Carbonate, oxide, organic and residual fractions of Cu and Zn were depleted in the rhizosphere at a distance of 0-2 mm from the roots when soil was amended with 50% sludge. Application of sewage sludge had a positive effect on alfalfa growth. With an increase in sludge amounts, the concentrations of Fe, Cu and Zn in alfalfa shoots did not change. Soil amendments with less than 25% sludge did not increase the availability or mobility of heavy metals. The depletion in rhizospheric DTPA-extractable Zn, Cd and Ni indicates that with the sole exception of Cu, release of metals from sludge amended soil was very limited.     

不同来源污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢效果研究

在相同接种配比(接种污泥占餐厨垃圾的质量分数为30%)条件下,研究了4种不同来源污泥(压滤污泥、厌氧污泥、曝气污泥和河底淤泥)添加或不添加缓冲剂时对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢效果的影响.结果发现,在不添加缓冲剂时.4种污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵平均产氢量依次为厌氧污泥>河底淤泥>压滤污泥>曝气污泥,接种厌氧污泥的餐厨垃圾平均产氢量最高,达10.11mL(以每克挥发性固体(VS)计,下同);而添加缓冲剂时.4种污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵平均产氢量依次为厌氧污泥>曝气污泥>压滤污泥>河底淤泥,接种厌氧污泥的餐厨垃圾平均产氢量也最高,为33.72 mL,且体系pH得以缓冲.