电催化氧化处理变性木薯淀粉生产综合废水研究

采用DSA电极电催化处理变性木薯淀粉生产综合废水,研究了槽电压,电流密度,支持电解质,pH值,电解时间等因素对其中COD去除率的影响.在选定的实验条件下,槽电压8 V,电流密度为40 mA/cm2,支持电解质为0.1g/L的NaCl,pH值为8.5～9.0,电解2 h,废水中COD的去除率达88.3%.     

三维电催化氧化技术处理草铵膦农药废水

选用石墨板作为三维电催化装置的阳极、不锈钢板作为阴极,以活性炭颗粒作为粒子电极进行反应,研究了三维电催化氧化技术处理草铵膦农药废水的效果;并考察了电流密度、极板间距、电解时间、初始浓度、pH值和粒子电极用量等因素对其处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在废水初始浓度为300 mg·L~(-1),反应时间为90 min,极板间距为4 cm,pH值为5,电流密度为31.5 m A·cm-2,粒子电极的用量为3.08 g·L~(-1)的条件下,废水的COD去除率为83.48%。三维电催化氧化技术通过减小粒子间距改善电荷传质效果;电流效率的提高也促使废水的处理效果显著提升。     

钛基修饰氧化物电极制备及降解苯胺的研究

采用高温热氧化法制备了钛基锡锑铅氧化物电极,得到的电极具有较高的电催化活性和良好的稳定性,并以苯胺为目标有机物考察了电压、电解质的浓度、pH值和电解时间等因素对苯胺去除率和化学需氧量COD等的影响.在外加电压为8 V,电解质硫酸钠的浓度为0.15 mol/L,电解200 mg/L的苯胺模拟废水,40 min苯胺去除率可达100%,180 min时COD去除率达81.76%.     

三维电极法处理钻井废水影响因素分析

采取电化学法处理某钻井废水,考察了三维电极系统处理钻井废水时,废水浓度、电流密度、处理时间、电解质浓度和pH值对废水COD降解率的影响,实验结果表明,三维电极法处理钻井废水效果显著;增大电流密度、提高电解质浓度和延长处理时间能使COD去除率提高;最佳pH值为9。正交实验得到最优水平组合为A2B3C2D3E4,在此条件下COD去除率为86.56%。     

RuO_2-IrO_2/Ti阳极电催化降解偶氮染料甲基橙模拟废水

以自制Ti基Ru O2-Ir O2镀层形稳电极为阳极,采用电催化氧化处理偶氮染料甲基橙模拟废水。以硫酸钠为支持电解质,在自然p H条件下分别考察了电解时间、电极间距、电流密度和电解质浓度等因素对甲基橙去除率的影响,并分析其原因。实验结果表明,在自然p H、电极间距为1.0 cm、电流密度为30.0 m A/cm2、电解质硫酸钠浓度为20.0 g/L、电解1.0h,甲基橙去除率高达90.0%以上。因此,电催化氧化法作为一种高效、简便的染料废水处理技术,具有一定的应用潜力。     

活性炭纤维电极对TAIC的电催化氧化

以活性炭纤维为阳极,不锈钢电极为阴极,研究了活性炭纤维电极电催化氧化去除水中三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)的方法.采用单因素实验法研究pH,电流密度,电解质种类和浓度对电催化氧化性能的影响,并找到最佳反应条件.实验结果表明,在TAIC模拟废水中,TAIC初始浓度为150 mg/L,pH为7,电流密度为50 mA/cm2,以0.06 mol/LNa2SO4为电解质溶液时反应效果最佳,60 min时TAIC的去除率为90.7％.     

电化学氧化法处理含盐苯醌模拟废水

利用钛基二氧化铅电极(Ti/PbO_2)作为电催化活性阳极,通过电化学氧化技术对苯醌进行降解矿化,考察常见共存无机盐对苯醌废水降解效率的影响。结果表明,NaCl存在下苯醌废水溶液的COD去除率相比硝酸盐提高了62%,相比硫酸盐提高了45%,NaCl能够显著增强电氧化去除苯醌的电流效率。苯醌的降解对氯离子非常敏感,存在少量的氯离子即可以引起氧化效率明显增加。氯离子浓度越高,苯醌模拟废水的COD去除率越高;但当氯离子浓度高于0.3mol·L~(-1)时,COD去除率反而有所下降。pH为8的弱碱性环境更有利于含氯离子苯醌废水的电氧化降解反应。提高电流密度可增大COD去除率;但升高温度会降低COD去除率。在pH为8、NaCl浓度为0.3 mol·L~(-1)、电流密度为10mA·cm~(-2)、温度为20℃的条件下,初始浓度为100 mg·L~(-1)的苯醌经3 h电化学氧化降解后COD去除率可达80.9%。通过高效液相色谱对电氧化降解苯醌的中间产物进行分析,发现氯离子存在下苯醌的降解速度显著提高,中间产物顺丁烯二酸的生成速度更快,这说明由氯离子生成的强氧化剂对苯醌具有极强的开环能力。     

钛基IrO2-SnO2电极在烟气海水脱硫恢复系统中的应用

采用浸渍-热分解法制备了含IrOx-TiO2中间层的IrO2-SnO2电极,得到的电极具有较高的析氯电催化活性和较强的稳定性,并通过电化学氧化法对Na2SO3海水脱硫模拟液进行处理,考察了电流密度、温度、pH值和电解时间等电解工艺参数对Na2SO3去除率和化学需氧量COD的影响。结果表明,在电流密度为200 mA/cm^2,pH值为3.5,电解440 mg/L的Na2SO3海水脱硫模拟液,15 min时Na2SO3去除率可达96.5%,COD去除率可达82.6%。     

脉冲电絮凝法处理黄连素废水

以Fe为电极,采用脉冲电絮凝法对实际黄连素制药废水进行处理。为了确定脉冲电絮凝法处理黄连素废水最优工艺条件,选择占空比、电流密度、脉冲频率、电极间距和pH等5个因素,开展了正交实验研究。对正交实验结果进行极差与方差分析,确定了各因素的显著性及优选条件。结果表明,各因素对废水COD去除率影响程度依次为:占空比>pH>电极间距>脉冲频率>电流密度;对黄连素去除率影响程度依次为:占空比>pH>电流密度>脉冲频率>电极间距。最优工艺条件为电极间距为1.5 cm,电流密度为16.7 mA/cm2(电流3.5 A,电压11.2 V),占空比为0.4,脉冲频率为0.1 kHz,pH为10,此时废水的COD与黄连素的去除率分别为61%与74%。     

三维粒子电极处理染料废水的效能及机制

以自制的负载Sb掺杂Sn O2的陶瓷颗粒为粒子电极,构建三维电极体系,对其处理活性艳红X-3B废水的效能进行研究,并借助于循环伏安曲线、羟基自由基的荧光光谱检测技术对三维粒子电极体系的电催化氧化机制进行研究。结果表明,优化槽电压为13 V,处理时间为60 min时,三维电极体系对活性艳红X-3B废水的COD去除率和相应能耗分别为85.6%与16.8 k W·h/(kg COD),与二维电极体系相比COD去除率提高了32.9%,能耗降低了33.3%。UV-Vis吸收光谱分析表明电催化氧化技术可以破坏活性艳红X-3B分子中的偶氮键、苯环和萘环,将大分子降解为小分子。电催化氧化机制研究表明,在本实验条件下三维电极主要通过间接氧化而不是直接氧化提高电催化氧化效能,即在三维粒子电极体系中羟基自由基的产生量多于二维电极体系,从而实现高效低耗处理活性艳红X-3B废水。     

垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水的深度处理组合工艺

采用"混凝-电解氧化-完全混合式活性污泥法(CSTR)"组合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水。探索了工艺的组合及各种工艺操作条件对垃圾渗滤液深度处理效果的影响,并对其影响机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,以PAC为混凝剂时,在pH和药剂(有效成分)投加量分别为6.0和600 mg/L条件下,渗滤液COD去除率达到50%,有效降低了难溶惰性COD含量,缩短了后续电化学处置时间。混凝工艺后,采用电化学工艺处理,在最优工艺条件下:pH为6.0、电流I为1.2 A(电流密度为18.18 mA/cm2)、Cl-投加量为1 000 mg/L、极板距离为2 cm,电解30 min渗滤液COD去除率达到36%,同时,难降解有毒物含量明显降低,渗滤液可生化性TbOD/COD由10%提升至最大值64%。最后采用CSTR处理渗滤液电解出水,系统出水COD、氨氮和色度分别为100~150 mg/L、7~13 mg/L和25倍,为反渗透(RO)工序提供了良好的水质条件。     

钛基IrO2-SnO2电极在烟气海水脱硫恢复系统中的应用

采用浸渍-热分解法制备了含IrOx-TiO2中间层的IrO2-SnO2电极,得到的电极具有较高的析氯电催化活性和较强的稳定性,并通过电化学氧化法对Na2SO3海水脱硫模拟液进行处理,考察了电流密度、温度、pH值和电解时间等电解工艺参数对Na2SO3去除率和化学需氧量COD的影响.结果表明,在电流密度为200 mA/cm...     

Treatment of Basic Red 29 dye solution using iron-aluminum electrode pairs by electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton methods

The aim of this study is the treatment of Basic Red 29 (BR29) dye solution using hybrid iron-aluminum electrodes by electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton methods. The effect of current density, initial pH, supporting electrolyte, H₂O₂, and initial dye concentration on dye removal efficiency was investigated, and the best experimental conditions were obtained. Time-coarse variation of UV-Vis spectra and toxicity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were also examined at the best experimental conditions. Both systems were found very successful for the removal of BR29 dye. The removal efficiency of >95 % for BR29 dye solution was reached easily in a short time. At the best experimental conditions, for the initial BR29 concentration of 100 mg/L, >95 % BR29 dye and 71.43 % COD removal were obtained after 20 and 40 min of electrolysis, respectively. Additionally, toxicity results for electro-Fenton treatment of 100 mg/L BR29 were also very promising. According to the results obtained, although electro-Fenton is more effective, both systems can be used successfully to treat textile wastewater including dyes.     

三维电极法深度处理维生素生产废水

采用三维电极法对维生素废水进行深度处理,分别以钛涂钌铱板、铁板和不锈钢板作为电极阳极,石墨板作为电极阴极,柱状活性炭作为粒子电极,结果表明,当以钛涂钌铱板作为阳极,以粒径为1 mm的柱状活性炭作为粒子电极时电解效果最好,COD和色度去除率最高。实验选择电解电压、电极板间距、电解时间和初始pH值作为主要影响因素进行正交实验,实验研究证明,各因素的影响大小为电解电压>电极板间距>电解时间>初始pH值,得到的最佳参数组合分别为:电解电压为10 V,电极板间距为8 cm,电解时间为20 min,初始pH值为4,得到COD和色度最大去除率分别为59.5%和93.57%。     

含吡啶有机废水物化预处理工艺

对含吡啶有机废水进行分类收集,分质处理,确定了蒸发脱盐-微电解-芬顿氧化预处理工艺路线。实验表明,蒸发脱盐阶段,pH值为5时,COD去除率达62.77%;微电解阶段,pH值为4、反应时间为2.5 h时,COD去除率达24.49%;Fenton试剂氧化阶段,pH值为4,30%H2O2投加量为3.5 ml/L,Fe2+与H2O2摩尔比为1∶20,反应时间为2.5 h时,COD去除率达30.41%。经预处理,废水B/C比从0.075上升至0.48,3种特征吡啶的去除率均达到95%以上。     

电化学脱硝过程参数的响应曲面优化研究

以Ti/IrO2-TiO2-RuO2为阳极,Cu/Zn合金电极为阴极,在无隔膜电解池中对这一新构造电极对的脱硝氮性能进行了研究。为了有效结合阴极硝氮还原能力和阳极氧化能力,采用响应曲面法中的Box-Behnken设计优化了对电化学脱硝过程有显著影响的4个重要因素:氯化钠含量、电流密度、pH和初始硝氮浓度。优化结果表明,相对于pH和初始硝氮浓度,氯化钠含量和电流密度对脱硝性能影响更大,而阴极硝氮还原性能主要受初始硝氮浓度、pH的影响。以6 h内电极对脱氮百分率为响应量,优化得最佳电化学脱硝过程参数为:氯化钠含量,1 g/L;电流密度,24.99 mA/cm2;pH,1.81;初始硝氮浓度100 mg/L。在此实验条件下,6 h内电极对脱氮百分率预测值为99.84%。通过3次重复验证实验,确认实际6 h内电极对脱氮百分率为91.34%。预测值与实测值两者相差不大,由此可知,Box-Behnken设计是一种优化电化学脱氮实验参数的有效方法,经过优化后的电极对具有较佳的脱氮效率。     

Ce-PbO2/C电极的制备及其去除水中酸性红B

采用电沉积法制备铈修饰的PbO2/C电极,通过SEM、XRD、XPS及循环伏安对PbO2/C、Ce-PbO2/C电极进行表征,结果表明,Ce-PbO2/C电极比PbO2/C颗粒细小,表面均匀致密,电化学氧化能力较强,修饰电极中Ce以CeO2的形态存在。以Ce-PbO2/C为工作电极,电解浓度为1 000 mg/L的高盐酸性红B模拟活性染料废水,考察了电压、pH、电解质浓度、极间距对脱色率、氨氮去除率及COD去除率的影响。确定适宜工艺条件为:初始酸性红B溶液浓度为1 000 mg/L,pH值为6,电压10 V,电解时间1 h,电极间距1.5 cm,该条件下脱色率、氨氮去除率和COD去除率分别为99.98%、97.23%和90.17%。通过UV-Vis及GC-MS初步分析了降解过程可能存在的中间产物及降解途径。     

废水脉冲电解处理节能高效的原因分析

将脉冲电源和直流电源分别作为废水电解处理的电源，试验探明其对废水电解处理的电能消耗和COD去除率的影响，并分析废水脉冲电解处理节能高效的原因。试验结果表明，脉冲电流相对直流电流能够更加有效减缓电极的极化，降低电极过电位，使电能消耗降低15%～35％；在脉冲电解处理废水过程中电流效率稳定、Fe²⁺能够有效扩散到废水中，使去污效果增强5%～7％。关键词脉冲电解电能消耗COD去除率极化过电位     

Electrochemical treatment of domestic wastewater using boron-doped diamond and nanostructured amorphous carbon electrodes

The performance of the electrochemical oxidation process for efficient treatment of domestic wastewater loaded with organic matter was studied. The process was firstly evaluated in terms of its capability of producing an oxidant agent (H₂O₂) using amorphous carbon (or carbon felt) as cathode, whereas Ti/BDD electrode was used as anode. Relatively high concentrations of H₂O₂ (0.064 mM) was produced after 90 min of electrolysis time, at 4.0 A of current intensity and using amorphous carbon at the cathode. Factorial design and central composite design methodologies were successively used to define the optimal operating conditions to reach maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color. Current intensity and electrolysis time were found to influence the removal of COD and color. The contribution of current intensity on the removal of COD and color was around 59.1 and 58.8 %, respectively, whereas the contribution of treatment time on the removal of COD and color was around 23.2 and 22.9 %, respectively. The electrochemical treatment applied under 3.0 A of current intensity, during 120 min of electrolysis time and using Ti/BDD as anode, was found to be the optimal operating condition in terms of cost/effectiveness. Under these optimal conditions, the average removal rates of COD and color were 78.9?±?2 and 85.5?±?2 %, whereas 70 % of total organic carbon removal was achieved.     

Factorial design analysis for COD removal from landfill leachate by photoassisted Fered-Fenton process

The Fered-Fenton process has been shown to be an effective method for leachate treatment, but it still faces problems of inadequate regeneration of ferrous ion. However, the use of the photoassisted Fered-Fenton process could overcome this difficulty and improve the efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal since photoassisted Fered-Fenton process induces the production of hydroxyl radicals from the regeneration of ferrous ions and the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with UV light. As there are so many operating parameters in photoassisted Fered-Fenton process, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model in order to produce the most economical process. In the present study, a factorial design was carried out to evaluate leachate treatment by photoassisted Fered-Fenton process. The influence of the following variables: H₂O₂ concentration, Fe²⁺ concentration, current density, and initial pH in the photoassisted Fered-Fenton process was investigated by measuring COD removal efficiencies after 60-min reaction. The relationship between COD removal and the most significant independent variables was established by means of an experimental design. The H₂O₂ concentration, Fe²⁺ concentration, initial pH, and the interaction effect between current density and initial pH were all significant factors. The factorial design models were derived based on the COD removal efficiency results and the models fit the data well.