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1.
易腐性有机垃圾的产生与处理技术途径比较   总被引:33,自引:2,他引:33  
我国城市垃圾以易腐性有机垃圾为主。目前有关管理部门提出逐步减少进人填埋场的易腐性有机垃圾量,因此,必须寻求其他填埋替代技术消纳易腐性有机垃圾物流。本文对几种常规技术方案讲行了比较。认为应该根据非餐饮业和餐饮业易腐性有机垃圾各自的产生源特点,采取不同的处理方案,但目前这些替代技术用于处理易腐垃圾时均存在各自的缺陷,本文据此提出了相应的技术完善要求和配套管理政策建议。  相似文献   

2.
有机垃圾处理机发酵工艺研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
叙述了新型有机垃圾处理机的结构特点,分析了有机垃圾处理的生物发酵过程,通过不同温度、搅拌频率和通风时间的发酵实验,根据发酵效果的不同确定最佳关键工艺参数,为有机垃圾处理机的进一步发展提供依据。  相似文献   

3.
基于Web of Science核心合集数据库,利用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件,对2000—2020年有关垃圾填埋场污染物的文献进行了计量分析。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年,垃圾填埋场污染物领域的发文量总体呈逐年增加态势,2015年后中国的发文量直线上升;(2)中国的机构虽然发文量多,但均篇被引频次不是很高,影响力还有待进一步提升;(3)垃圾填埋场污染物研究的热点包括城市固体废弃物及其处置过程,垃圾渗滤液或污废水中有机污染物的去除、降解,垃圾填埋场周边地表水和地下水中污染物的环境行为,无机污染物氮元素的去除,垃圾填埋场中新污染物的环境行为和去除5大类;(4)垃圾填埋场污染物主要分为重金属和有机污染物两大类,其中重金属在不同环境介质中出现的频次高于有机污染物,填埋气等气态污染物造成的环境问题也不容忽视。  相似文献   

4.
常温压氧消化技术处理城市生活有机垃圾的中试研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为分类收集的城市生活有垃圾采用专门设计的兼氧沤解预液化-常温厌氧消化的工艺技术进行处理。试验结果显示,兼氧沤解对生活有机垃圾的预测具有较好的效果,液化率达80%以上,可以满足反应器对生活有机垃圾预处理的要求。  相似文献   

5.
我国城市垃圾以易腐性有机垃圾为主.目前有关管理部门提出逐步减少进入填埋场的易腐性有机垃圾量,因此,必须寻求其他填埋替代技术消纳易腐性有机垃圾物流.本文对几种常规技术方案进行了比较.认为应该根据非餐饮业和餐饮业易腐性有机垃圾各自的产生源特点,采取不同的处理方案;但目前这些替代技术用于处理易腐垃圾时均存在各自的缺陷.本文据此提出了相应的技术完善要求和配套管理政策建议.  相似文献   

6.
上海泓森环境工程科技有限公司自主研发成功低温裂解处理生物垃圾技术,已经建成了日处理100吨生物垃圾的示范装置,并通过了24小时连续化运行的工艺性能指标考核。该装置除大块无机类垃圾需预先检出外,所有有机垃圾无需分类,都可直接处理。开机后,装置进入连续生产运行状态,经四级反应后,垃圾转化为可燃性气体、燃油和碳。  相似文献   

7.
三峡库区垃圾污染现状及治理技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
如何搞好三峡库区的生态环境保护已成为全世界关注的课题,介绍了库区生活垃圾污染现状,并根据库区生活垃圾的特性及当地的经济发展和自然条件,对三峡库区生活垃圾的综合治理进行了系统研究,建议三峡库区垃圾实行分类收集,系统地将城区生活垃圾的管理、收集、运输和处理等各个环节有机结合起来,逐步建立起高效完善的现代化城市生活垃圾管理体系。重点介绍了准好氧垃圾卫生填埋技术和CBS(Cental Bilolgical System)城市生活垃圾高效菌种堆肥技术,秭归、巴东等烧煤区生活垃圾含无机物成分较高,建议选用准好氧填埋技术;涪陵、开县、忠县等燃气区生活垃圾有机物成分较高,已具备一定的资源化价值,高效菌种CBS堆肥技术在燃气区具有广阔的前景。  相似文献   

8.
有机垃圾处理机发酵工艺研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
叙述了新型有机垃圾处理机的结构特点,分析了有机垃圾处理的生物发酵过程,通过不同温度、搅拌频率和通风时间的发酵实验,根据发酵效果的不同确定最佳关键工艺参数,为有机垃圾处理机的进一步发展提供依据。  相似文献   

9.
垃圾堆肥的资源化利用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
城市垃圾的堆肥处理,就是将城市生活垃圾中一部分不可降解的无机物,控制一定条件,让其在微生物的作用下,降解转化为稳定的腐殖物。将生活垃圾处理成有机肥料,从源头消除了垃圾,减轻城市生活垃圾给环境造成的压力,避免二次污染,而且在解决垃圾处理问题的同时,又为农作物和园林等提供必要的肥料,从而实现生活垃圾的无害化、减量化和资源化。在实现垃圾堆肥资源化利用的同时,需要注意堆肥产品的使用对象,避免使用不当带来的影响。  相似文献   

10.
臭氧预氧化-BAF工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以广东省江门市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,对经SBR生化处理和聚合硫酸铁混凝后的垃圾渗滤液,采用臭氧-BAF(曝气生物滤池)工艺进行深度处理。该工艺优点在于:臭氧高级氧化技术使大分子有机污染物降解成二氧化碳和水,或者小分子有机污染物,有利于后继BAF的生化处理,且臭氧处理过后废水的色度明显降低,是废水处理的有效方法之一。而后采用曝气生物滤池对垃圾渗滤液进行进一步处理,对COD进一步去除。结果表明,当臭氧的加入量为150 mg/L,BAF停留时间>4 h,出水COD低于85 mg/L,稳定达到国家GB 16889-1997《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》一级排放标准,臭氧氧化法处理每吨垃圾渗滤液的费用为4.8元。  相似文献   

11.
A method for the measurement of biologically available organic matter in intertidal or subtidal marine sediments subject to an input of sea coal or colliery wastes is described. The method involves boiling sediment in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 4 h at 160 degrees C to dissolve non-colliery waste organic matter which is then recorded as weight lost after rinsing and drying. Samples are then ashed at 495 degrees C to determine the weight of coal or colliery wastes present. Although H2O2 shows a slight reaction with colliery wastes (overall mean of 0.86% weight loss), it is appropriate to use this technique for the determination of organic matter available to sediment-dwelling biota. We show that shore organic content should not be determined merely by ashing sediment, even on shores which do not appear to contain wastes, since even visibly 'clean' shores in north-east England generally contain some coal fragments in their sediment. Our method is suitable anywhere where biologically available organic matter needs to be measured independently of waste content, e.g. in terrestrial systems close to centres of mining activity.  相似文献   

12.
Biofilm responses to marine fish farm wastes   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The changes in the biofilm community due to organic matter enrichment, eutrophication and metal contamination derived from fish farming were studied. The biofilm biomass, polysaccharide content, trophic niche and element accumulation were quantified along an environmental gradient of fish farm wastes in two seasons. Biofilm structure and trophic diversity was influenced by seasonality as well as by the fish farm waste load. Fish farming enhanced the accumulation of organic carbon, nutrients, selenium and metals by the biofilm community. The accumulation pattern of these elements was similar regardless of the structure and trophic niche of the community. This suggests that the biofilm communities can be considered a reliable tool for assessing dissolved aquaculture wastes. Due to the ubiquity of biofilms and its wide range of consumers, its role as a sink of dissolved wastes may have important implications for the transfer of aquaculture wastes to higher trophic levels in coastal systems.  相似文献   

13.
以重庆某非规范填埋场为例,针对西南地区已封场非规范垃圾填埋场的稳定化进程进行了分析。按照场地布局选取4个采样点,在垃圾体上进行钻孔取样,分析不同深度的垃圾样pH值、有机质、含水率、生物可降解度以及垃圾样浸出液和填埋气组成以及各个指标随着填埋深度的变化规律,确定不同深度垃圾体的稳定化程度。结果表明,场内垃圾已呈现矿化垃圾特征;有机质、BDM、浸出液COD以及填埋气CH4含量等4个指标与填埋深度均较好地符合一级降解反应,可以预测垃圾体稳定化临界填埋深度。根据有机质、BDM、浸出液COD以及填埋气CH4含量等4个指标与填埋深度一级降解反应函数预测临界稳定化深度为15 m,与实测值判定的稳定化填埋深度相一致性。在对非规范垃圾填埋场场地利用过程中,需要先对未稳定的上层垃圾进行清理,并在已稳定的底层垃圾体上充填其他稳定介质后利用该地块。  相似文献   

14.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from a certain source usually carries characteristic marks in its molecular structures that can be recognized by spectroscopic analysis. Sources of water-borne contaminants, such as nitrate, can be identified by recognition of the characteristics of DOM entrained in the water. In this study, DOM in groundwaters sampled from a dairy/crop production area (Chino Basin, CA) was analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Results showed that DOM derived from natural soil organic matter has a characteristic resonance at a chemical shift region of 4.0-4.3 ppm, while DOM derived from dairy wastes has a characteristic resonance at a lower chemical shift region of 3.2-3.6 ppm. These signature resonances were then used to distinguish the origins of nitrate in the groundwater. It was found that disposal of dairy wastes on croplands is the primary source of nitrate contamination in groundwater underlying the Chino Basin dairy area.  相似文献   

15.
The aim of this work was to study the viability of recycling the solid wastes generated by the winery and distillery industry by means of co-composting with animal manures, as well as to evaluate the quality of the composts obtained. Two piles, using exhausted grape marc and cattle manure or poultry manure, respectively (at ratios, on a fresh weight basis, of 70:30), were composted by the Rutgers static pile composting system. Throughout the composting process, a number of parameters were monitored, such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, water-soluble carbon, water-soluble polyphenols, different forms of nitrogen (organic nitrogen, ammonium and nitrate) and humification indices (humification ratio, humification index, percentage of humic acid-like C, polymerisation ratio and cation exchange capacity), as well as the germination index. Organic matter losses followed first-order kinetics equation in both piles, the highest organic matter mineralisation rate being observed with exhausted grape marc and cow manure. On the other hand, the mixture with the lowest C/N ratio, using exhausted grape marc and poultry manure, showed the highest initial ammonium contents, probably due to the higher and more labile N content of poultry manure. The increase in the cation exchange capacity revealed the organic matter humification during composting. In contrast, other humification parameters, such as the humification ratio and the humification index, did not show the expected evolution and, thus, could not be used to assess compost maturity. Composting produced a degradation of the phytotoxic compounds, such as polyphenols, to give composts without a phytotoxic character. Therefore, composting can be considered as an efficient treatment to recycle this type of wastes, due to composts presented a stable and humified organic matter and without phytotoxic effects, which makes them suitable for their agronomic use.  相似文献   

16.
Capturing the lost phosphorus   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Minable phosphorus (P) reserves are being depleted and will need to be replaced by recovering P that currently is lost from the agricultural system, causing water-quality problems. The largest two flows of lost P are in agricultural runoff and erosion (∼46% of mined P globally) and animal wastes (∼40%). These flows are quite distinct. Runoff has a very high volumetric flow rate, but a low P concentration; animal wastes have low flow rates, but a high P concentration together with a high concentration of organic material. Recovering the lost P in animal wastes is technically and economically more tractable, and it is the focus for this review of promising P-capture technologies. P capture requires that organic P be transformed into inorganic P (phosphate). For high-strength animal wastes, P release can be accomplished in tandem with anaerobic treatment that converts the energy value in the organic matter to CH4, H2, or electricity. Once present as phosphate, the P can be captured in a reusable form by four approaches. Most well developed is precipitation as magnesium or calcium solids. Less developed, but promising are adsorption to iron-based adsorbents, ion exchange to phosphate-selective solids, and uptake by photosynthetic microorganisms or P-selective proteins.  相似文献   

17.
Development of methodologies to assess the safety of reusing polluted organic wastes in soil is a priority in Europe. In this study, and coupled with chemical analysis, seven organic wastes were subjected to different aquatic and soil bioassays. Tests were carried out with solid-phase waste and three different waste eluates (water, methanol, and dichloromethane).Solid-phase assays were indicated as the most suitable for waste testing not only in terms of relevance for real situations, but also because toxicity in eluates was generally not representative of the chronic effects in solid-phase.No general correlations were found between toxicity and waste pollutant burden, neither in solid-phase nor in eluate assays, showing the inability of chemical methods to predict the ecotoxicological risks of wastes. On the contrary, several physicochemical parameters reflecting the degree of low organic matter stability in wastes were the main contributors to the acute toxicity seen in collembolans and daphnids.  相似文献   

18.
城市生活垃圾填埋初期有机质演化规律研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
为阐明生活垃圾填埋初期有机质演化规律,于填埋场打井采集填埋1~3年3个不同时期垃圾样品,用水浸提制备水溶性有机物(DOM)。采用红外光谱、同步荧光光谱及紫外光谱,对浸提液中DOM的结构和演化特征进行了研究。结果显示,生活垃圾中含有脂肪类、蛋白类、糖类及木质素类物质,在填埋初期,有机质中的脂肪类、蛋白质类、糖类及木质素类物质均发生了降解,羧基、氨类及水溶性芳香结构物质减少,DOM分子量降低。研究结果表明,垃圾填埋初期有机质以降解为主。  相似文献   

19.

Background, aim, and scope  

Current Australian legislation permits the beneficial application of grease trap waste (GTW) to agricultural soil, viewing it as a beneficial source of organic matter and soil conditioner containing no/low amounts of metals or pathogenic organisms. However, little is known about the influence of GTW on soil bacterial community. A field experiment was established at Menangle in south western Sydney in Australia to quantitatively assess the impacts of different types (GTW CO and GTW CL) and amounts of GTW application on the soil bacterial community and diversity. Furthermore, a municipal solid waste (MSW) compost was simultaneously examined to compare against the other organic wastes. Knowledge about the shifts in microbial community structure and diversity following the applications of organic wastes could help to evaluate the ecological consequences on the soil and thus to develop sound regulatory guidelines for the beneficial reuse of organic wastes in agricultural lands.  相似文献   

20.
Complexing agents are frequently used in treatment technologies to remediate soils, sediments and wastes contaminated with toxic metals. The present study reports results that indicate that the rate and extent of soil organic matter (SOM) as represented by dissolved natural organic carbon (DNOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) desorption from a contaminated soil from a manufactured gas plant (MGP) site can be significantly enhanced with the aid of complexing agents. Desorption of DNOC and PAH compounds was pH dependent, with minimal release occurring at pH 2-3 and maximal release at pH 7-8. At pH-6, chelate solutions were shown to dissolve large amounts of humic substances from the soil compared to controls. The complexing agents mobilized polyvalent metal ions, particularly Fe and Al from the soil. Metal ion chelation may disrupt humic (metal ion)-mineral linkages, resulting in mobilization of SOM and accompanying PAH molecules into the aqueous phase; and/or reduce the degree of cross-linking in the soil organic matter phase, which could accelerate PAH diffusion.  相似文献   

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