化工园区废气管理问题及对策

近年来,化工园区面临绿色转型升级,废气管理提升重要程度日益突显。本文分析了化工园区废气管理存在的主要问题,并提出了化工园区废气管理对策,以期提升化工园区废气综合管理水平,改善化工园区空气环境质量。     

我国城市污水处理厂运营模式调查及研究

对现有城市污水处理厂的运营管理问题进行了分析,并提出国内外一些先进的运营管理模式.     

金坛市后阳化工园区环境管理的实践

后阳化工园区是一个面积仅为34 hm^2、由18家精细化工生产企业组成的化工集中区。该化工园区通过建立环境管理机构、环保自律制度、自治巡查组、技术指导组等手段,采取严格入园条件、清污全面分流、废气全面吸收、环境全面整治等环境管理措施,促进了环境与经济的协调发展,为探索小型化工集中区的环境管理提供了有益的尝试。     

中国危险废物管理的历史沿革——从"探索起步"到"全面提升"

如何对危险废物进行有效管理已成为当今世界各国政府环境管理部门共同面临的一个重要问题,也是减少危险废物产生量、降低危险废物危害性的关键.回顾了中国危险废物管理法规、制度和利用处置行业的建立和发展过程,并根据对危险废物的认识过程,将中国危险废物管理分为探索起步阶段、体系构建阶段、能力构筑阶段和全面提升阶段,分析了不同阶段的主要特征和重要事件,阐明了当代危险废物管理模式产生的现实必要性和历史必然性,最后提出了中国建设现代化危险废物管理体系的重要意义.本研究可为我国建立设现代化的危险废物管理体系、提升危险废物监管水平提供参考.     

县域城镇体系生态建设初探——以涟水县为例

作为区域社会、经济和生态环境的重要支撑，城镇体系决定着区域发展的整体方向，用生态理念指导这一体系建设，是一项值得深入探讨的课题。重点研究内容包括：(1)梳理并建立合理的城镇生态关系，实现区域生态空间整合；(2)加强城镇生态基础设施、生态服务网络建设，完善区域生态服务功能；(3)科学规划城镇生态经济建设布局，实现区域资源的合理配置；(4)城镇体系通过人口的合理集聚，推动城市化进程；(5)建设生态型城镇。文中以江苏省涟水县为研究案例，运用生态学原理探讨城镇体系规划中需要解决的生态建设问题及对策，提出城镇体系生态建设目标、生态空间布局、生态服务体系规划等研究思路。     

河南秦巴山脉水环境承载力及水环境保护对策研究

水资源作为不可替代的战略性经济和自然资源,不仅是经济社会可持续发展的重要支撑和保障,而且是维系生态系统良性运转的关键控制因素。分析了河南秦巴山脉的水环境现状、污染排放特征以及环境承载力,总结了区域主要的环境问题。然后根据区域社会经济、人口、城镇化及农业发展趋势,预测了区域水环境承载力变化趋势。根据河南秦巴山脉水环境保护面临的机遇和挑战,从污染防治及政策制定两方面提出了绿色发展建议。     

工业区域网格化环境管理模式研究

工业区域由于环境状况复杂、差异性大而难以进行系统、有效的环境管理.以华东某工业区域为例,对网格化环境管理模式及区域污染指数(RPI)评定指标体系进行了研究,并对2007年该工业区域各网格环境状况进行了评定.结果显示,环境等级为优良、合格、轻污染、中污染、重污染的网格面积分别为34.14、130.32、79.47、45.36、3.10 km2,环境评定结果与现状基本相符.实证表明,在环境状况复杂、差异性大的工业区域,网格化环境管理模式是一种有效的管理方法.同时,在网格化环境管理模式的具体实践中,应注意环境状况评定指标体系的设定、计算机技术的应用、环境数据的实效性、网格交界处环境数据的处理以及管理机制等问题,要结合工业区域特点找出具体方法.     

沿海地区城镇化与生态环境协调发展的时空分析

通过构建城镇化与生态环境协调发展的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法、协调度模型,对2003—2012年中国沿海地区的城镇化与生态环境发展过程及其协调程度进行时空分析。结果表明:(1)沿海地区城镇化综合指数不断提高,空间城镇化年均发展速度快于人口城镇化,而人口城镇化又快于生活城镇化,经济城镇化最低,且呈现出明显的区域集聚性特征。(2)生态环境综合指数呈波动上升趋势,生态环境压力加大,城镇化地区面临的生态环境问题更多。(3)2003—2005年,城镇化与生态环境协调度等级为中度失调,2006—2012年为轻度协调。     

基于产业集聚的化工行业绿色供应链管理模式研究

化工行业对环境的严重影响引起了政府、学术界和公众的共同关注,实施绿色供应链管理是解决环境问题的系统方法。尝试性地将产业集群理论与绿色供应链管理理论进行耦合,结合化工行业的特点,提出基于产业集聚的化工行业绿色供应链管理模式。通过培育集群内上下游企业的互动创新机制,发挥集群内上下游企业资源利用和废物处置的规模效应,通过因地制宜地发展化工生产型服务产业以及相关支撑机构的建设等措施,使化工行业能够可持续发展。     

基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的成渝城市群碳排放时空动态特征研究

基于1992—2013年国防气象卫星计划(DMSP/OLS)夜间灯光数据和能源统计数据,对成渝城市群碳排放进行研究,应用空间自相关模型,并结合趋势分析和地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析方法,探究成渝城市群碳排放时空变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据估算的碳排放与基于能源消耗统计数据计算的碳排放动态变化趋于一致,且存在较好相关性;(2)1992—2013年成渝城市群碳排放增加趋势明显,碳排放增加区域面积高达76.26%,分布在成都、重庆主城及周围德阳、璧山等地区,碳排放不变或降低区域零散分布在研究区边缘地带,面积占比23.74%;(3)成渝城市群所有年份的全局空间自相关系数(Ⅰ)值均大于0,表现出较强空间自相关性,且在研究时段Ⅰ值总体呈增长趋势,说明其空间集聚性持续增强;(4)成渝城市群碳排放空间集聚模式主要为高-高集聚型、低-低集聚型,两者空间分布动态变化均呈增加模式,高-高集聚区域主要分布在成都、重庆主城以及邻近县域,低-低集聚区域主要零散分布在边缘相对落后地区,表明成渝城市群碳排放空间分布具有极强的相互依赖性。     

中国环境影响评价中的公众参与有效性研究

公众参与不但是环评工作的重要内容，而且对实施可持续发展战略起着重要作用。文章阐述了环境影响评价中公众参与的概念、作用，分析了现阶段公众参与存在的主要问题，结合工作实践，并借鉴国外经验，提出了提高公众参与有效性的若干改进建议。     

The Growing Need for Sustainable Ecological Management of Marine Communities of the Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf is a semi-enclosed marine system surrounded by eight countries, many of which are experiencing substantial development. It is also a major center for the oil industry. The increasing array of anthropogenic disturbances may have substantial negative impacts on marine ecosystems, but this has received little attention until recently. We review the available literature on the Gulfs marine environment and detail our recent experience in the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) to evaluate the role of anthropogenic disturbance in this marine ecosystem. Extensive coastal development may now be the single most important anthropogenic stressor. We offer suggestions for how to build awareness of environmental risks of current practices, enhance regional capacity for coastal management, and build cooperative management of this important, shared marine system. An excellent opportunity exists for one or more of the bordering countries to initiate a bold and effective, long-term, international collaboration in environmental management for the Gulf.     

Hazardous Waste Minimization: Part I Waste Reduction in the Chemical Industry

Recognizing the need for minimizing the generation of hazardous waste, the chemical industry is experiencing a surge in the initiation of programs for reducing such waste. With a new realization that the cost of handling waste may be many times higher than the value of the materials lost in it, the industry needs to examine a new end-point for optimizing its processes; one that includes the total cost of waste management as well as the conventional cost elements such as raw materials, power and the like. The authors discuss some of the problems that industry is encountering; then describe Du Pont’s approach to waste reduction in terms of administrative and technical activities. They emphasize that, in addition to meeting environmental needs, waste reduction often makes good sense solely from an economic point of view.     

Integrating protected area management with local needs and aspirations

Conservationists recognize that many protected areas have limited future prospects without the cooperation and support of local people, especially in developing countries. Since the 1980s Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) have attempted to reconcile park management with local needs and aspirations, usually with disappointing results. Achieving local cooperation and support without jeopardizing conservation goals remains a top priority for parks, however. Fortunately, the lessons from the ICDP experience provide an important opportunity to inform the next generation of biodiversity conservation programs, including those concerned with poverty alleviation as well as those working at ecosystem and landscape scales. More recent and more promising approaches have started to incorporate elements of adaptive management, new partnership models with stakeholders and the vertical integration of site-level work with policy initiatives and institutional development.     

内蒙古煤矿环境地质问题及其防治对策研究

煤炭是内蒙古最具优势的矿产资源 ,其产值几乎占到该区工业产值的一半。由于历史及政策等因素的影响 ,煤矿开发破坏矿区环境资源、诱发地质灾害和导致环境污染。不同地域矿山开发诱发的环境地质问题不同 ,露天和地下不同的开采方式诱发不同的环境地质问题。国有大中型老矿区地面塌陷问题较为严重 ,成为制约矿山持续发展的主要因素之一。乡镇及个体小煤矿“只开发 ,不治理”加剧了矿山地质环境的恶化。在西部大开发中 ,要吸取“先开发 ,后治理”的历史教训 ,走资源合理开发利用与矿区生态环境保护的绿色矿业之路     

Economic analysis of environmental problems in textile dyeing units: a case study from Ranaghat, West Bengal

The dye and dye intermediaries industry is an important segment of the chemical industry that provides inputs to a large number of industries. Currently, the Indian dyestuff industry is in the midst of a major restructuring and consolidation phase. With the emphasis on product innovation, rebuilding and environmental friendliness, this industry is increasingly moving towards greater customer orientation. Given the dynamic nature of the dyestuff industry in India and its tremendous potential, this study aims to conduct an economic analysis of the industry, with specific reference to its inherent environmental problems. The scope of the study was limited to a study of some units in Ranaghat, a town in the Nadia district of West Bengal. The potential environmental problems and the health hazards arising as results of dyes and dye production have been investigated. A case study of a dyeing unit in Ranaghat is presented, highlighting the negative impact on the water quality of its adjoining river, followed by some suggestions on ways of handling the pollution problem. A cost–benefit analysis of a dyeing unit in Ganganagar, and application of the results to the dyeing industry in Ranaghat, is also reported. The study also suggests some policies for consideration.     

基于三层结构的绿色招商选择体系研究

阐述了中国招商引资的基本情况及存在的问题,提出了进行绿色招商的必要性.在绿色招商选择系统结构分析的基础上,提出了基于三层结构的绿色招商选择体系,并根据该体系构建了s工业园的绿色招商选择体系.     

生态区划的原则及其特征

由于社会经济的发展和人口的急剧增加,使得全球和区域性的生态环境问题日益尖锐,从而严重地阻碍了经济的进一步发展。如何协调发展与环境保护之间的矛盾,维护区域经济的可持续发展,是当前亟待解决的问题。这就要求对区域生态环境问题的形成机制及其演变规律进行细致地研究,进而划分不同的区域,提出生态环境的整治方案,这正是生态区划的研究内容。本文对生态区划的目的、原则和依据、划分的指标体系、生态区划的要素及特征进行了详细的论述,同时指出在我国经济发展的今天进行生态区划的必要性和迫切性。     

Dwindling regional environmental pollution through industrial structure adjustment and higher education development

This paper uses Chinese provincial data from 2006 to 2021 as a sample period to study the relationship between higher education development, industrial structure adjustment, and environmental pollution. Conclusions were as follows: (1) the industry structure adjustment can reduce environmental pollution in Chinese regions except eastern, and the increase in the proportion of the tertiary industry will increase pollution emissions in the eastern region. (2) Although there is a negative correlation between higher education and environmental pollution in China, it is not significant. From different regions, the coefficients in the eastern are positive which means aggravated environmental pollution, and the coefficients in the central region are not significant, but higher education in the western region improves environmental pollution. (3) Urbanization has a significant moderating effect on the national and regional environmental pollution, but in the central and western regions, it is smaller than the eastern region; although environmental regulation has a certain inhibitory effect on environmental pollution, the coefficient in the eastern region is significantly positive, and there is a situation of “more pollution, more control.” Further, the increase of foreign direct investment will aggravate environmental pollution; although the elasticity coefficient in the eastern region is negative, there is a trend of improving environmental pollution, but it is not significant. The study holds promising implications for the development of policies related to education, industry, and the environment. Through the research on the relationship between the three, exploring and improving the regional environmental pollution level from the perspective of higher education and industrial structure have important practical significance for the regional green development.