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Phytoremediation has been recognized as a cheap and eco-friendly technology which could be used for the remediation of organic pollutants, such as phenolic compounds. Besides, the extent to which plants react to environmental pollution might depend on rhizosphere processes such as mycorrhizal symbiosis. In the present work, phenol tolerance of transgenic tobacco hairy roots (HR), namely TPX1, colonized with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) was studied. However, the question is whether AMF symbiosis can moderate adverse effects of phenol to the plant tissues. Thus, the antioxidative response as well as parameters of oxidative damage, like malondialdehyde (MDA) content, were determined. Antioxidative enzymes such as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase were higher in TPX1 HR colonized with AMF, compared to wild type HR colonized by AMF, in the presence of increasing concentrations of the pollutant. Besides, MDA levels remained unaltered in TPX1 HR associated with AMF treated with the xenobiotic. These results, suggested that this culture could tolerate phenol and moreover, it has an efficient protective mechanism against phenol-induced oxidative damage, which is of great importance in the selection of species with remediation capacities. Thus, transgenic HR colonized with AMF could be considered as an interesting model system to study different processes which play a key role in the phytoremediation of organic pollutants. 相似文献
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Collins C Laturnus F Nepovim A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(1):86-94
The widespread use of industrial chemicals in our highly industrialized society has often caused contamination of large terrestrial and marine areas due to the deliberate and accidental release of organic pollutants into the soil and groundwater. In this review, environmental problems arising from the use of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds are described, and an overview about active management strategies for remediation with special emphasis on phytoremediation are presented to achieve a reduction of the total mass of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds in contaminated areas. Phytoremediation has been proposed as an efficient, low-cost remediation technique to restore areas contaminated with chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds. The feasibility of phytoremediation as a remediation tool for these compounds is discussed with particular reference to the uptake and metabolism of these compounds, and a future perspective on the use of phytoremediation for the removal of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds is given. 相似文献
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Heavy metals in plants and phytoremediation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cheng S 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(5):335-340
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: In some cases, soil, water and food are heavily polluted by heavy metals in China. To use plants to remediate heavy metal pollution would be an effective technique in pollution control. The accumulation of heavy metals in plants and the role of plants in removing pollutants should be understood in order to implement phytoremediation, which makes use of plants to extract, transfer and stabilize heavy metals from soil and water. METHODS: The information has been compiled from Chinese publications stemming mostly from the last decade, to show the research results on heavy metals in plants and the role of plants in controlling heavy metal pollution, and to provide a general outlook of phytoremediation in China. Related references from scientific journals and university journals are searched and summarized in sections concerning the accumulation of heavy metals in plants, plants for heavy metal purification and phytoremediation techniques. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Plants can take up heavy metals by their roots, or even via their stems and leaves, and accumulate them in their organs. Plants take up elements selectively. Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in the plant depends on the plant species, element species, chemical and bioavailiability, redox, pH, cation exchange capacity, dissolved oxygen, temperature and secretion of roots. Plants are employed in the decontamination of heavy metals from polluted water and have demonstrated high performances in treating mineral tailing water and industrial effluents. The purification capacity of heavy metals by plants are affected by several factors, such as the concentration of the heavy metals, species of elements, plant species, exposure duration, temperature and pH. CONCLUSIONS: Phytoremediation, which makes use of vegetation to remove, detoxify, or stabilize persistent pollutants, is a green and environmentally-friendly tool for cleaning polluted soil and water. The advantage of high biomass productive and easy disposal makes plants most useful to remediate heavy metals on site. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: Based on knowledge of the heavy metal accumulation in plants, it is possible to select those species of crops and pasturage herbs, which accumulate fewer heavy metals, for food cultivation and fodder for animals; and to select those hyperaccumulation species for extracting heavy metals from soil and water. Studies on the mechanisms and application of hyperaccumulation are necessary in China for developing phytoremediation. 相似文献
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Bañuelos GS 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(1):19-23
Interest in selenium pollution and remediation technology has escalated during the past two decades. Although not known to be essential for plants, selenium is essential but could be toxic for humans and animals, depending on its concentration. A major selenium controversy in the 1980's emerged in California when the general public and scientific community became aware of selenium's potential as an environmental contaminant. After extensive research on several strategies to reduce loads of mobile Se for entering the agricultural ecosystem a plant-based technology, defined as 'phytoremediation' received increasing recognition, as a low-cost environmentally friendly approach for managing soluble Se in the soil and water environment. Successful long-term field remediation of Se by plants is, however, dependent upon acceptance and widespread use by growers, who are also concerned about potential commercial value from using the plant-based technology. Obtaining products with economic value from plants used in the cleanup of soil would certainly be an additional benefit to phytoremediation, which could help sustain its long-term use. 相似文献
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Huang XD El-Alawi Y Penrose DM Glick BR Greenberg BM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,130(3):453-463
Phytoremediation of creosote-contaminated soil was monitored in the presence of Tall fescue, Kentucky blue grass, or Wild rye. For all three grass species, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were evaluated for plant growth promotion and protection of plants from contaminant toxicity. A number of parameters were monitored including plant tissue water content, root growth, plant chlorophyll content and the chlorophyll a/b ratio. The observed physiological data indicate that some plants mitigated the toxic effects of contaminants. In addition, in agreement with our previous experiments reported in the accompanying paper (Huang, X.-D., El-Alawi, Y., Penrose, D.M., Glick, B.R., Greenberg, B.M., 2004. A multi-process phytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil. Environ. Poll. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.09.031), PGPR were able to greatly enhance phytoremediation. PGPR accelerated plant growth, especially roots, in heavily contaminated soils, diminishing the toxic effects of contaminants to plants. Thus, the increased root biomass in PGPR-treated plants led to more effective remediation. 相似文献
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Paul E. Olson John S. Fletcher 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(4):195-204
Examination of a former industrial sludge basin containing organic pollutants showed that the basin had undergone substantial
ecological recovery through natural forces following the removal of surface water in 1982. Conventional phases of ecological
recovery (plant invasion and succession) have occurred, but the structure of the biodiverse plant community (51 species and
22 families) was different from that at a recovering non-polluted disturbed site. Three plant species (Bermuda grass, mulberry,
and sunflower) believed to be early invaders of the basin still persist in large numbers indicating that these species are
well suited to cope with normal environmental stresses at this area (i.e. seasonal drought and flood) as well as organic pollutants.
There was an indication that early invaders of the site fostered disappearance of contaminants thereby creating more favorable
conditions for a broader spectrum of plants to grow. Vegetation analyses of naturally vegetated hazardous waste sites hold
promise as a screening device for identifying plant species and management practices worthy of further phytoremediation investigations. 相似文献
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Jaco Vangronsveld Rolf Herzig Nele Weyens Jana Boulet Kristin Adriaensen Ann Ruttens Theo Thewys Andon Vassilev Erik Meers Erika Nehnevajova Daniel van der Lelie Michel Mench 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(7):765-794
Background, aim, and scope
The use of plants and associated microorganisms to remove, contain, inactivate, or degrade harmful environmental contaminants (generally termed phytoremediation) and to revitalize contaminated sites is gaining more and more attention. In this review, prerequisites for a successful remediation will be discussed. The performance of phytoremediation as an environmental remediation technology indeed depends on several factors including the extent of soil contamination, the availability and accessibility of contaminants for rhizosphere microorganisms and uptake into roots (bioavailability), and the ability of the plant and its associated microorganisms to intercept, absorb, accumulate, and/or degrade the contaminants. The main aim is to provide an overview of existing field experience in Europe concerning the use of plants and their associated microorganisms whether or not combined with amendments for the revitalization or remediation of contaminated soils and undeep groundwater. Contaminations with trace elements (except radionuclides) and organics will be considered. Because remediation with transgenic organisms is largely untested in the field, this topic is not covered in this review. Brief attention will be paid to the economical aspects, use, and processing of the biomass.Conclusions and perspectives
It is clear that in spite of a growing public and commercial interest and the success of several pilot studies and field scale applications more fundamental research still is needed to better exploit the metabolic diversity of the plants themselves, but also to better understand the complex interactions between contaminants, soil, plant roots, and microorganisms (bacteria and mycorrhiza) in the rhizosphere. Further, more data are still needed to quantify the underlying economics, as a support for public acceptance and last but not least to convince policy makers and stakeholders (who are not very familiar with such techniques). 相似文献11.
Hans-Peter Haslmayr Sylvia Meißner Francesca Langella Andreas Baumgarten Jörn Geletneky 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(11):6765-6774
The dispersal of industrial and municipal wastes leads to an increase of contaminated soils and is one of the large concerns in many countries throughout Europe regarding environmental issues. This article proposes a sequence of the microbially aided phytoremediation (phytoextraction and phytostabilization) procedure with the following most important steps: (1) risk assessment, (2) site investigation, (3) determination of the remediation strategy, (4) realization of remediation measures, (5) monitoring, and (6) reuse of the remediated site. UMBRELLA's innovative approach is a proposal of methods to evolve a tool-box which supports phytoremediation by means of microbes and enhances the efficiency of the remediation process at low and heterogeneously metal contaminated sites. 相似文献
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Teixeira J Sousa A Azenha M Moreira JT Fidalgo F Fernando Silva A Faria JL Silva AM 《Chemosphere》2011,85(5):744-750
In this work, the phytoremediation potential of metalaxyl, a commonly used persistent, mobile and leachy fungicide, by Solanum nigrum L. plants was studied. The study revealed that this plant species can be used as an excellent metalaxyl phytoremediation tool, thus providing a cost effective and environmentally friendly clean technology for the decontamination of sites and effluents. As it can be sowed directly in the remediation site, is able to complete its life cycle without suffering major stress. Because it accumulates high amounts of the fungicide in the aboveground tissues, enables its concentration and proper disposal by cutting off the corresponding plant part. The study also suggests that the tolerance to metalaxyl is due to a suitable antioxidant response comprising proline accumulation and guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase enhanced activities, that reduce oxidative damage to the plant organs. 相似文献
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Uptake and Modeling of Pesticides by Roots and Shoots of Parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) (5 pp) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Turgut C 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(6):342-346
Intention, Goal, Scope, Background Aquatic plants have a great potential to function as in situ, on-site biosinks and biofilters of pollutants. They are used
for phytoremediation and phytotoxicity studies. Pesticide uptake studies are very important to predict contaminant accumulation,
translocation, and transformation. There are a lot of models which have been developed for emergent plants, but there are
not any existing models for submerged aquatic plants for assessing pesticide uptake.
Objective In this study, uptake of selected pesticides in parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) were studied and the results were
modeled with the aid of Log Kow and the concentration of pesticides. At the end, the developed model was compared to other
existing models.
Methods The test was conducted with parrotfeather as a model plant. The bioassay and cultivation of this plant were examined. Pesticide
uptake by roots and shoots was determined using 14C-radiolabeled materials.
Results and Discussion The results were fitted with an equation that showed a relationship between uptake and lipophilicity of pesticides. The model
was compared with other pesticide uptake models developed for other plants. Atrazine and cycloxidim were taken up more by
roots than by shoots in comparison to other pesticides used. The total uptake, both in shoots and roots, was lower than for
terbutryn and trifluralin. The best appropriate model was developed from the results against the other models seen in the
literature. The concentration factors (Root Concentration Factor (RCF) and Submerged Shoot Concentration Factor (SSCF)) increased
with a higher Kow of the substances. The Submerged Shoot Concentration Factor (SSCF) revealed a better relationship of the
chemicals than did the Root Concentration Factor (RCF).
Conclusions In this study, an uptake model was developed for rooted, submerged aquatic plants. Further studies are necessary to develop
and compare models with different plants and pesticides.
Recommendation and Outlook Such studies as this one may be extended to other environmental pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem and may be employed to
evaluate the possibility of using different plants in phytoremediation studies. 相似文献
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Phytoremediation has the potential to enhance clean up of land contaminated by various pollutants. A mathematical model that includes a two-fluid phase flow model of water flow as well as a two-region soil model of contaminant reactions was developed and applied to various bioremediation scenarios in the unsaturated zone, especially to plant-aided bioremediation. To investigate model behavior and determine the main parameters and mechanisms that affect bioremediation in unplanted and planted soils, numerical simulations of theoretical scenarios were conducted before applying the model to field data. It is observed from the results that parameters affecting the contaminant concentration in the water phase, such as aqueous solubility, the octanol-water partition coefficient, and organic carbon content of the soil controlled the contaminant fate in the vadose zone. Simulation using the developed model also characterized the fate and transport of the contaminants both in planted and unplanted soils satisfactorily for field applications. Although phytoremediation has the potential for remediation of contaminated soils, results from both modeling and field studies suggested that plants may not always enhance the remediation efficiency when the soil already has a high microbial concentration, when the contaminant bioavailability is low, or when the overall reaction is mass transfer-limited. Therefore, other steps to increase contaminant bioavailability are needed in phytoremediation applications; natural purification mechanisms such as aging, volatilization, and natural bioremediation should be considered to maximize the plant effect and minimize the cost. 相似文献
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Aquatic plants uptake, transform and sequester organic contaminants and are used as a bioremediation strategy for the removal of pollutants from wastewaters. A better understanding of factors affecting rate of uptake of contaminants by aquatic plants is needed to improve engineered systems for removal of pollutants from wastewaters. This work focused on delineating sorption to plant surfaces and understanding effects of plant metabolic activity, inhibition, and media pH on the uptake of the ionizable contaminant 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) by aquatic plant Lemna minor. During L. minor exposure to TCP (0.5-13.9 mg l(-1)), a range of plant metabolic activities was measured using oxygen production rate (0-18.4 micromol h(-1)). A positive correlation was shown between contaminant uptake rate and plant activity. Contaminant uptake was examined at a range of media pH values (6-9) and uptake rates were linearly correlated to fraction of contaminant in protonated form. These results demonstrated a link between plant activity and uptake of contaminant by plants and stress the importance of incorporating plant metabolic activity and contaminant speciation in development of natural and engineered phytoremediation systems. This research also indicates that aquatic plants can actively accumulate trace-organic contaminants and may ultimately serve as a sink for these materials in the natural environment. 相似文献
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Schröder P Navarro-Aviñó J Azaizeh H Goldhirsh AG DiGregorio S Komives T Langergraber G Lenz A Maestri E Memon AR Ranalli A Sebastiani L Smrcek S Vanek T Vuilleumier S Wissing F 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(7):490-497
Goal, Scope and Background One of the burning problems of our industrial society is the high consumption of water and the high demand for clean drinking
water. Numerous approaches have been taken to reduce water consumption, but in the long run it seems only possible to recycle
waste water into high quality water. It seems timely to discuss alternative water remediation technologies that are fit for
industrial as well as less developed countries to ensure a high quality of drinking water throughout Europe.
Main Features The present paper discusses a range of phytoremediation technologies to be applied in a modular approach to integrate and
improve the performance of existing wastewater treatment, especially towards the emerging micro pollutants, i.e. organic chemicals
and pharmaceuticals. This topic is of global relevance for the EU.
Results Existing technologies for waste water treatment do not sufficiently address increasing pollution situation, especially with
the growing use of organic pollutants in the private household and health sector. Although some crude chemical approaches
exist, such as advanced oxidation steps, most waste water treatment plants will not be able to adopt them. The same is true
for membrane technologies.
Discussion Incredible progress has been made during recent years, thus providing us with membranes of longevity and stability and, at
the same time, high filtration capacity. However, these systems are expensive and delicate in operation, so that the majority
of communities will not be able to afford them. Combinations of different phytoremediation technologies seem to be most promising
to solve this burning problem.
Conclusions To quantify the occurrence and the distribution of micropollutants, to evaluate their effects, and to prevent them from passing
through wastewater collection and treatment systems into rivers, lakes and ground water bodies represents an urgent task for
applied environmental sciences in the coming years.
Recommendations Public acceptance of green technologies is generally higher than that of industrial processes. The EU should stimulate research
to upgrade existing waste water treatment by implementing phytoremediation modules and demonstrating their reliability to
the public. 相似文献
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Cheng S 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(4):256-264
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: As one of the consequences of heavy metal pollution in soil, water and air, plants are contaminated by heavy metals in some parts of China. To understand the effects of heavy metals upon plants and the resistance mechanisms, would make it possible to use plants for cleaning and remediating heavy metal-polluted sites. METHODS: The research results on the effects of heavy metals on plants and resistant mechanisms are compiled from Chinese publications from scientific journals and university journals, mostly published during the last decade. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Effects of heavy metals on plants result in growth inhibition, structure damage, a decline of physiological and biochemical activities as well as of the function of plants. The effects and bioavailability of heavy metals depend on many factors, such as environmental conditions, pH, species of element, organic substances of the media and fertilization, plant species. But, there are also studies on plant resistance mechanisms to protect plants against the toxic effects of heavy metals such as combining heavy metals by proteins and expressing of detoxifying enzyme and nucleic acid, these mechanisms are integrated to protect the plants against injury by heavy metals. CONCLUSIONS: There are two aspects on the interaction of plants and heavy metals. On one hand, heavy metals show negative effects on plants. On the other hand, plants have their own resistance mechanisms against toxic effects and for detoxifying heavy metal pollution. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: To study the effects of heavy metals on plants and mechanisms of resistance, one must select crop cultivars and/or plants for removing heavy metals from soil and water. More highly resistant plants can be selected especially for a remediation of the pollution site. The molecular mechanisms of resistance of plants to heavy metals should be studied further to develop the actual resistance of these plants to heavy metals. Understanding the bioavailability of heavy metals is advantageous for plant cultivation and phytoremediation. Decrease in the bioavailability to farmlands would reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in food. Alternatively, one could increase the bioavailability of plants to extract more heavy metals. 相似文献
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Allocation plasticity and plant-metal partitioning: meta-analytical perspectives in phytoremediation
In this meta-analysis of plant growth and metal uptake parameters, we selected 19 studies of heavy metal (HM) phytoremediation to evaluate trends of allocation plasticity and plant-metal partitioning in roots relative to shoots. We calculated indexes of biomass allocation and metal distribution for numerous metals and plant species among four families of interest for phytoremediation purposes (e.g. Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Solanaceae). We determined that plants shift their biomass and distribute metals more to roots than shoots possibly to circumvent the challenges of increasing soil-HM conditions. Although this shift is viewed as a stress-avoidance strategy complementing intrinsic stress-tolerance, our findings indicate that plants express different levels of allocation plasticity and metal partitioning depending on their overall growth strategy and status as ‘fast-grower’ or ‘slow-grower’ species. Accordingly, we propose a conceptual model of allocation plasticity and plant-metal partitioning comparing ‘fast-grower’ and ‘slow-grower’ strategies and outlining applications for remediation practices. 相似文献