杂多酸水溶液脱除烟气中SO2的性能研究

合成了H3PMo12O40、H4SiW12O40、H3PW12O40、H4PMo11VO40、H5PMo10V2O40和H6PMo9V3O406种杂多酸,分别采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征杂多酸的结构,并采用气相色谱仪对6种杂多酸水溶液进行脱硫实验测试.实验结果表明:制备的6种杂多酸具有良好的Ke...     

V_2O_5共混制备改性活性焦的脱硫性能及机理

以煤为原料、V2O5为添加剂共混制备新型活性焦(V/AC),研究了该活性焦的物理化学特征和脱硫性能,并探讨了改性活性焦脱硫机制。研究表明,改性活性焦的得率随V2O5负载量增加而增加,其脱硫性能均比未改性的活性焦高。当V2O5负载比例为12%时,碘值达到最大,为415 mg/g;其脱硫性能也最高,穿透硫容达到136.42 mg/g炭,比未改性活性焦增加约38.23%。BET结果表明,改性活性焦主要以微孔为主;红外光谱分析显示活性焦表面存在醇、羧酸、酚或醚类官能团。改性活性焦的脱硫机制包括:V2O5在活性焦表面主要以V2O3存在,脱硫时在氧气的存在下转化为V2O5;V/AC吸附、氧化SO2形成具有VOSO4结构的中间体,此中间体与O2反应生成V2O5和SO3,SO3或与H2O结合所成的H2SO4迁移到V2O5周围的微孔中。     

H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,空心微珠为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/beads光催化剂载体,然后浸渍法制备出H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂,并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析。研究了H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性,考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响。实验结果表明,在中性条件下,H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L,浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%。     

H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,空心微珠为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/beads光催化剂载体,然后浸渍法制备出H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂,并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析.研究了H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性,考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响.实验结果表明,在中性条件下,H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L,浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%.     

酸碱改性对活性焦烧结烟气脱硫性能的影响

选取一定目数范围的活性焦,用3种酸(HCl、H2SO4和HNO3)、3种碱(KOH、NaOH和NH3·H2O)和酸碱两步(HNO3和KOH)对其进行改性处理,对比这几种方法改性的活性焦对烧结烟气的脱硫性能,实验结果表明,20~40目范围的活性焦脱硫性能最好;HCl改性活性焦的脱硫性能基本无变化,HNO3改性后有促进作用但作用不大,H2SO4改性反而降低了活性焦的脱硫活性;KOH和NaOH溶液改性活性焦对其脱硫性能有很大的提升作用,其中KOH改性效果更好,NH3·H2O改性基本无影响;先KOH后HNO3两步改性的活性焦效果最佳,并且能维持一定时间100%的脱硫效率。     

FeSO4/Ac脱硫剂脱硫性能的研究

为寻找经济适用且具有较高效率的烟气脱硫方法．研制了FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂。并对FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂的脱硫性能进行了实验研究。实验研究结果显示,烟气中O2、水蒸气含量的多少及脱硫温度的高低会影响FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂的脱硫性能。实验证明,当n(O2):n(SO2)=7～10、n(H2O)：n(SO2)=3～5、脱硫温度取120℃时,FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂具有良好的脱硫性能,脱硫效率可达92．1％～96．8％。FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂能够再生重复使用。采用水蒸气加热再生法对FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂进行再生,实验结果显示,经4次加热法再生的FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂的脱硫效率仍能达到91％。     

活性炭纤维负载功能化离子液体的脱硫性能

以等体积浸渍的方法将[C3O1Mim]+[H3CSO3]-(1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3-甲基咪唑甲磺酸盐)和[C5O2Mim]+[H3CSO3]-(1-(2-甲氧基乙氧基乙基)-3-甲基咪唑甲磺酸盐)负载到活性炭纤维(ACF)上,并对其进行氮气吸附、热重等表征。对ACF固载的离子液体脱硫性能测试,结果表明:在离子液体负载量为10 wt%,模拟烟道气流量为40 m L/min,温度为20℃,SO2体积分数为0.2%条件下,[C3O1Mim]+[H3CSO3]-/ACF、[C5O2Mim]+[H3CSO3]-/ACF吸附量分别为45.34mg SO2/g和60.08 mg SO2/g。经过5次吸附-脱附循环利用,其脱硫效果基本不变,说明[C3O1Mim]+[H3CSO3]-/ACF、[C5O2Mim]+[H3CSO3]-/ACF有良好的再生性能。     

制备条件对不同玻璃材料负载TiO_2活性影响研究

以光催化降解苯酚为探针反应,通过正交实验,系统研究了胶液配比、涂覆次数和焙烧温度等条件对以溶胶-凝胶法分别在普通钠钙玻璃和磨砂玻璃上制备TiO2光催化性能的影响,并利用环境扫描电镜（ESEM）对TiO2催化膜形貌进行了分析。研究表明,在普通钠钙玻璃片上负载TiO2催化膜的影响因素主次顺序为：硝酸体积〉涂覆次数〉焙烧温度〉V乙醇∶V酞酸丁酯,在选定实验条件下的最优条件为：涂覆次数为4次;焙烧温度=450℃;V乙醇∶V酞酸丁酯∶V硝酸（1∶4）：V水=400∶40∶1∶4。在磨砂玻璃片上负载TiO2催化膜的的影响因素主次顺序为：涂覆次数〉硝酸体积〉焙烧温度〉V乙醇：V酞酸丁酯,在选定实验条件下的最优条件为：涂覆次数为4次;焙烧温度=500℃;V乙醇∶V酞酸丁酯∶V硝酸（1∶4）∶V水=400∶40∶2∶4。通过扫描电镜可以观察到在普通钠钙玻璃片和磨砂玻璃片表面均附着一层白色的TiO2薄膜,颗粒粒径在100 nm左右。磨砂玻璃比普通钠钙玻璃负载更多的催化剂,磨砂玻璃基TiO2活性更高。磨砂玻璃是一种非常有前景的TiO2催化剂载体材料。     

TiO_2/AC复合催化剂的制备及其对六氯苯的光催化降解性能研究

以颗粒活性炭（AC）和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用微波辐射法制备TiO2/AC复合光催化剂,并对制备的催化剂进行了表征;采用该催化剂对六氯苯进行光催化降解,确定了六氯苯降解的最佳工艺条件,并就几种外加试剂对TiO2/AC光催化降解六氯苯的强化作用进行了探讨。结果表明,制备的催化剂中TiO2均匀分布在活性炭表面、呈单一的锐钛矿晶型,晶粒生长完善。该催化剂催化降解六氯苯的最佳工艺条件为：pH值为5、TiO2负载量为18.2%、TiO2/AC投加量为0.4 g/L、反应时间为60 min。在此条件下,六氯苯降解效率达90.3%。添加适量的H2O2、AgNO3、K2S2O8、KIO4和KMnO4均能提高TiO2/活性炭对六氯苯的光催化降解效率。5种外加试剂的适宜添加量分别为0.3%、1.0、1.0、0.1和0.1 mmol/L,对TiO2/AC光催化效率的强化作用大小顺序为：H2O2〉AgNO3〉K2S2O8〉KMnO4〉KIO4。     

微气泡曝气O3／H2O2处理RO浓水的效能及影响因素

采用O3／H2O2高级氧化工艺处理炼油厂反渗透（RO）浓水，用溶气泵加压溶气并产生微气泡强化传质，确定装置运行条件，考察气体中臭氧浓度、O3／H2O2初始摩尔比、pH和温度对O3／H2O2处理RO浓水效果的影响，并对RO浓水处理效能进行研究。结果表明，随着气体中臭氧浓度的增加，COD的去除率基本呈线性增加；加入适当量H，0，能提高臭氧氧化RO浓水的效果，O3／H2O2初始摩尔比在0～0．8范围内，COD的去除率先增加后下降，O3／H2O2初始摩尔比为O．5时COD去除率最大；pH从6．84增加到9．01，COD去除率逐渐增大，pH为10．03时COD去除率反而降低；在14～28℃范围内，温度低时，升高温度COD去除率增加较大，温度较高时，升高温度对COD去除率的影响较小。为考察该工艺的稳定性，在H：0：／0，初始摩尔比为O．5、溶液pH为8～9、臭氧浓度为80～100mg／L、温度为10-28℃条件下，对COD为90～140mg／L的RO浓水氧化处理4～10h，出水COD维持在39．9～49．9mg／L，达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准（GB18918—2002）》中的一级A标准；去除1gCOD消耗031．4～3．3g，消耗0，与H，02的总氧量为2．2～4．4g。     

Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye X3B by heteropolyoxometalate acids

Reactive brilliant red X3B, one recalcitrant textile dye, was decolorized in water by (Photo)-Fenton reactions and TiO(2) photocatalysis [Chemosphere 43 (2001) 1103]. Complementary to this study, the present work has shown the effectiveness of several Keggin-type heteropolyoxomatalates (POM) as a photocatalyst for X3B degradation in water at pH 1.0 under UV light (lambda>/=320 nm) irradiation. Among four POMs, the relative activity was observed to be H(3)PW(12)O(40)z.Gt;H(4)SiW(12)O(40)>H(4)GeW(12)O(40)>H(3)PMo(12)O(40). The reaction was dependent of pH, light intensity and the catalyst loading, but not obviously of the molecular oxygen dissolved in water. Compared to the photocatalyst of TiO(2) (Degussa p25), H(3)PW(12)O(40) was less efficient for the dye bleaching and mineralization. The mechanism study reveals that hydroxyl radicals are involved in the degradation of X3B (and Rhodamine B) by POM photocatalysis.     

采用杂多酸化合物溶液同时脱硫脱氮的实验研究

本文对液相催化氧化脱硫脱氮的新方法进行了研究 ,在鼓泡反应发生器内进行了液相催化氧化脱硫脱氮的实验。采用钼硅酸溶液及其还原产物脱除烟气中的SO2 和NOX,分别就吸收液的浓度、pH值、温度、停留时间等因素对SO2 和NOX 去除效率的影响及其变化规律进行了研究。实验结果表明 ,钼硅酸能十分有效地吸收SO2 ,将SO2 氧化成H2 SO4,并使杂多酸还原为杂多蓝。随后又被用于去除NOX,把NOX 还原成N2 ,蓝色溶液再次被氧化成为黄色溶液     

H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料，空心微珠为载体，采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO₂/beads光催化剂载体，然后浸渍法制备出H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂，并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析。研究了H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性，考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响。实验结果表明，在中性条件下，H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L，浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%。     

Chlorination of bisphenol A in aqueous media: formation of chlorinated bisphenol A congeners and degradation to chlorinated phenolic compounds

The chlorination of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous media was investigated in order to describe the degradation profile of this compound and the formation of chlorinated products. Aqueous solutions of BPA (approx. 1 mg/l) were chlorinated by sodium hypochlorite solution at room temperature and under weakly alkaline conditions. Chlorinated compounds were extracted with dichloromethane and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). BPA was consumed completely within 5 min of chlorination, when the initial chlorine concentration was 10.24 mg/l (molar ratio to BPA, 58.7). On the other hand, when the initial chlorine concentration was 1.03 mg/l (molar ratio, 6.56), 9.3% of BPA still remained after 60 min chlorination. Five chlorinated BPA congeners, 2-chlorobisphenol A (MCBPA), 2,6-dichlorobisphenol A (2,6-D2CBPA), 2,2'-dichlorobisphenol A (2,2'-D2CBPA), 2,2',6-trichlorobisphenol A (T3CBPA) and 2,2', 6,6'-tetrachlorobisphenol A (T4CBPA) were formed in the earlier stages of chlorination. Several chlorinated phenolic compounds, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (T3CP), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (D2CBQ), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-hydroquinone (D2CHQ), C9H10Cl2O2, C9H8Cl2O and C10H12Cl2O2, were also formed by further chlorination.     

A comparative study of the removal of 3-indolebutyric acid using advanced oxidation processes

In this study, advanced oxidation technologies, namely Fenton Process (FP), Fenton-Like Process (FLP), ozonation (O3) and O3/H2O2 processes, were applied to synthetic wastewater containing 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA). The effectiveness of each process was investigated at different pH values, Fe(+2), Fe(+3), O3 and H2O2 concentrations with respect to the removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). The best removal efficiencies were seen at pH 3 and 2 mM Fe concentration in both FP and FLP, in which the optimum H2O2 concentrations were 6 mM for FP and 10 mM for FLP. Optimum process conditions were pH 12 for the O3 process, pH 9 for the O3/H2O2 process and 1:1 O3/H2O2 molar ratio. The highest COD removal efficiency was 86 percent, obtained in the O3/H2O2 process and the highest TOC removal efficiency was obtained at 77 percent in the FP.     

基于正交实验的颗粒移动床烟气脱硫工艺参数优化

石灰石颗粒移动床脱硫工艺参数是影响脱硫效率和操作压降变化的重要因素,考虑到工艺参数对脱硫过程的影响,基于正交实验方法,通过直观分析和方差分析得到喷淋密度、空床气速、SO2浓度、烟气温度和床层下移速度对脱硫效率影响程度的主次顺序和脱硫效率与各因素之间的关系,并且分析了各因素对脱硫效率的影响规律。研究发现,各因素对脱硫效率的影响程度依次是空床气速>喷淋密度>SO2浓度>烟气温度>床层下移速度。喷淋密度对脱硫效率的影响高度显著,呈正相关;空床气速对脱硫效率的影响高度显著,呈负相关;SO2浓度和烟气温度对脱硫效率有影响但不显著,呈负相关。床层下移速度与脱硫效率呈正相关。     

Estrogenic and thyroid hormone activity of a series of hydroxy-polychlorinated biphenyls

A series of novel synthetic monohydroxy polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) (5 trichloro-, 5 tetrachloro- and 5 pentachloro-compounds) have been characterized (1H and 13C NMR and high resolution MS) and their estrogenic and thyroid hormone activities assessed using a yeast two-hybrid assay, both with and without possible metabolic activation by rat liver S9 preparation. Moderate estrogenic activity was found for 2,3,4(')-trichlorobiphenyl-4-ol (compound 5) but this was eliminated when exposed to the S9 mix. 2,2('),3('),4,6-Pentachlorobiphenyl-3-ol (13) and 2('),3,3('),6-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4-ol (10) both showed weak estrogenicity in the absence of the S9 mix. The estrogenicity of compound (10) was enhanced 10-fold by exposure to S9 metabolic activation but that of compound (13) remained unchanged. 2('),4,5('),6-Tetrachlorobiphenyl-2-ol (6) showed strong thyroid hormonal activity (5% of that of T4) whereas 3('),4,6-trichlorobiphenyl-3-ol (4), compound (10) and 2,3('),4,5('),6-pentachlorobiphenyl-3-ol (14) showed moderate activity, and 2('),3,3('),5-tetrachlorobiphenyl-2-ol (8) and 3,3('),5,5('),6-pentachlorobiphenyl-2-ol (11) showed weak activity. The activity of (4) was eliminated by S9 metabolic activation whereas those of (6) and (14) were weakened and that of (10) remained unchanged.