超细粉煤灰-氟石膏在道路修补工程中的综合利用研究

针对我国现有水泥混凝土路面的破坏问题,研究开发了以工业废料--超细粉煤灰和氟石膏为主要组分的水泥基道路修补材料,利用氟石膏与超细粉煤灰在水泥水化过程中的相互激发作用,通过试验优选出超细粉煤灰-氟石膏高性能道路修补材料,并应用于道路修补混凝土的配制,同时测试了其力学性能及部分长期性能,试验表明其性能优良,在此基础上对其水化硬化机理作了初步的探讨.     

超细粉煤灰-氟石膏在道路修补工程中的综合利用研究

针对我国现有水泥混凝土路面的破坏问题,研究开发了以工业废料——超细粉煤灰和氟石膏为主要组分的水泥基道路修补材料,利用氟石膏与超细粉煤灰在水泥水化过程中的相互激发作用,通过试验优选出超细粉煤灰-氟石膏高性能道路修补材料,并应用于道路修补混凝土的配制,同时测试了其力学性能及部分长期性能,试验表明其性能优良,在此基础上对其水化硬化机理作了初步的探讨.     

造粒飞灰沥青混凝土路面利用的地下水环境风险评估

由于飞灰的主要成分与粉煤灰、高炉矿渣等非常接近,用于沥青混凝土路面中具有良好的发展前景。但飞灰中含有的重金属等有害物质对路面周围的环境影响不容忽视。通过对飞灰沥青混凝土采用水槽浸出试验得到重金属的长期累积释放量,并构建出重金属渗入地下水的迁移扩散模型,对道路中重金属进入地下水进行环境风险评估,最后根据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749—2006)推算出沥青混凝土路面中重金属的有效量限值。结果表明:As、Cr的致癌风险值分别为2.26×10~(-10)、2.33×10~(-10),Zn、Cd、Hg的非致癌危害商分别为4.17×10~(-7)、2.43×10~(-7)、7.22×10~(-6),分别未超过风险表征限值10~(-6)与1;造粒飞灰沥青混凝土路面中Cr、Zn、As、Cd、Hg的有效量限值分别为25.46、279.83、1.10、12.19、0.07mg/kg。     

燃煤电厂干式贮灰场的环境影响研究

分析了灰渣的化学成分及性质 ,试验研究了其中污染物的浸出特性 ,探索了干式贮灰场的环境影响 ,并提出和探讨了防治污染的措施。提出加强对粉煤灰的综合利用 ,促进粉煤灰的资源化 ,变废为宝 ,实现社会效益、环境效益、经济效益的统一 ,是解决电厂灰渣问题的最佳途径。     

粉煤灰活性炭处理六价铬废水的试验研究

本研究用火电厂废渣—粉煤灰的浮选炭制得的颗粒活性炭,对六价铬废水进行净化处理。结果表明,粉煤灰活性炭对六价铬废水处理效果良好。实验探讨了粉煤灰活性炭处理六价铬废水的一般规律及影响因素。     

粉煤灰资源化的现状

本文检索了国内外综合利用粉煤灰的有关文献 ,由粉煤灰特性入手 ,介绍了它在农业、建筑、环保等行业的资源化现状。指出粉煤灰作为二次资源的重要意义 ,并对粉煤灰资源化提出了一些设想     

高速公路降雨径流污染特征及其污染控制

随着高速公路的快速发展,路面降雨径流污染引起了越来越多的关注.从高速公路路面雨水径流中污染物成分及其影响因素、径流污染迁移模型和径流污染物对受纳水体水质的影响等方面,对路面降雨径流污染特征进行了综述,并从工程和非工程措施两方面比较了目前高速公路路面降雨径流污染治理措施的特点和适用条件,最后提出了进一步研究的建议,希望为有关方面的研究提供借鉴.     

高速公路降雨径流污染特征及其污染控制

随着高速公路的快速发展,路面降雨径流污染引起了越来越多的关注.从高速公路路面雨水径流中污染物成分及其影响因素、径流污染迁移模型和径流污染物对受纳水体水质的影响等方面,对路面降雨径流污染特征进行了综述,并从工程和非工程措施两方面比较了目前高速公路路面降雨径流污染治理措施的特点和适用条件,最后提出了进一步研究的建议,希望为有关方面的研究提供借鉴.     

解磷微生物对煤系废弃物粉煤灰的改良效应

燃煤产生大量的粉煤灰虽会严重污染环境,但却含有植物生长必需的营养元素,将其资源化生物利用是一条很好的途径.从粉煤灰和农田土壤中分离筛选出 2 株解磷细菌 CA 和 SL,以紫花苜蓿为供试植物,通过盆栽试验研究接种解磷细菌对粉煤灰基质的改良作用.研究表明,加入解磷细菌后,对粉煤灰基质有一定的改良作用,促进了植物生长,增加了对粉煤灰中难溶性磷的吸收利用,降低了粉煤灰 pH,增加了根际细菌和真菌的数量.从粉煤灰中筛选分离出的菌株 CA的改良作用更显著,苜蓿的地上干重比对照提高了45.1%.解磷微生物的应用对于实现废弃物粉煤灰场的生态恢复提供了新的技术与潜力.     

粉煤灰资源化的现状

本文检索了国内外综合利用粉煤灰的有关文献，由粉煤灰特性入手，介绍了它在，建筑，环保等行业的资源化现状。指出粉煤灰作为二次资源的重要意义，并对粉煤灰资源化提出了一些设想。     

不同释钾菌对粉煤灰的生态效应

粉煤灰治理难度大，但它含有植物生长必需的营养元素钾，将其就地资源化生物利用是一条较好的途径。释钾菌是一种能把矿物中的难溶性钾转化为有效钾的细菌，从土壤中筛选出2种释钾菌，经过在粉煤灰基质中的驯化培养，通过盆栽试验种植紫花苜蓿，比较不同菌株对粉煤灰的改良作用及其对植物生长的影响。结果表明，筛选出的菌株C6对粉煤灰中速效钾的释放效果明显，降低了基质pH，显著地促进了植物的生长，对粉煤灰生态修复具有重要意义。     

粉煤灰利用研究进展

本文对粉煤灰综合利用的研究现状进行综述。内容包括粉煤灰用于烧结砖、蒸养砖、墙体材料和水泥生产、隔热防水材料、絮凝剂和肥料制备、土壤改良和废水处理等。此外,还对从粉煤灰中回收金属矿物和炭粒等进行了讨论。     

粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯塑料裂解的影响研究

研究了粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯塑料裂解的影响,讨论了加入量对裂解速度和裂解产物的影响.结果表明:粉煤灰和电石渣都使裂解产物中的轻质部分(汽油和裂解气)增加、重油降低;粉煤灰比电石渣更能加快反应的进行,而且加入量越多,反应越快,需时越短;粉煤灰比电石渣对聚丙烯塑料的裂解具有明显的催化促进效果.     

Adsorption of arsenic(V) onto fly ash: a speciation-based approach

Arsenic (As) poses a significant water quality problem and challenge for the environmental engineers and scientists in the world. The large volume of coal fly ash produced around the world is a potentially significant anthropogenic source of arsenic. Currently the leaching behavior of arsenic from fly ash is not well understood. Batch methods were used in this study to investigate arsenic leaching using a raw ash, and arsenic adsorption using a clean, washed ash. Experimental results indicated that pH had a significant effect on arsenic leaching or adsorption. Between pH 3 and 7, less arsenic was in the dissolved phase. When pH was less than 3 or greater than 7, increasing amounts of arsenic were leached or desorbed from fly ash. The leaching and adsorption behavior of arsenic was interpreted with the speciation of surface sites and arsenic. In a new approach, a speciation-based model was developed to quantify the arsenic adsorption as a function of pH and surface acidity parameters. This work is important in offering insight into the leaching mechanism of arsenic from coal fly ash, and providing a robust model based upon specific, measurable parameters to quantify arsenic adsorption by other solid media in addition to fly ash.     

An assessment of the significance of mercury release from coal fly ash

Some mercury (Hg) naturally present in coal is retained in the fly ash remaining after combustion. Concern has been raised regarding the potential for release of this Hg to the environment. The exchange of Hg between fly ash and the atmosphere was measured in the laboratory and in situ at a fly ash landfill. All samples of fly ash used in the laboratory study, with the exception of that derived from lignite-type coal, acted as a sink for atmospheric Hg. Deposition rates were found to increase as air Hg concentrations increased and to decrease with incident light and increased temperature. Addition of water to fly ash samples resulted in re-emission of deposited atmospheric Hg. Deposition was the dominant flux measured in situ at a fly ash landfill. Atmospheric Hg was deposited to all samples collected as part of two demonstration projects using carbon injection for enhanced Hg capture. Hg concentrations of extracts derived using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 1312 (Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure) were < or = 14.4 ng/L. Data developed demonstrate that fly ash, including that collected from Hg removal projects, will release little Hg to the air or water, and under certain conditions, absorbs Hg from the air.     

The Effective Collection of Fly Ash At Pulverized Coal-Fired Plants

The relationship between sulfur in coal, boiler exit gas temperature, and the carbon portion of fly ash have a major effect on the electrical properties of fly ash. Whether effective collection of fly ash is obtained by the electrostatic precipitator installation alone or the precipitator—mechanical combination depends primarily on a knowledge of this relationship. Fly ash electrical properties can range from a highly "resistive" to a highly "conductive" state which can appreciably alter the precipitator collection performance. A correlation of coal sulfur and boiler exit flue gas temperature is given to indicate the probability of expecting an optimum voltage—current relationship with different combinations of these factors. Carbon affects the electrical conditioning of fly ash by providing parallel paths of current leakage through the deposited dust layer. Therefore, removal of the carbon particles in a mechanical collector placed before the precipitator can alter the precipitator electrical characteristics.     

市政污泥深度脱水药剂优化研究简

污泥含水率高影响污泥后续处置。利用化学药剂对污泥进行深度脱水处理可使污泥减量化、稳定化。为提高深度脱水效果，对添加剂进行了种类和添加量的优化研究（石灰、工业石灰、粉煤灰、硅藻土、十二烷基磺酸钠和飞灰；5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%），另外，还进行了复合投加实验。研究结果表明，石灰、工业石灰、粉煤灰的深度脱水效果最好；复合添加中，25%石灰+5%粉煤灰，20%石灰+10%粉煤灰，10%石灰+20%粉煤灰的深度脱水效果最好。5%的石灰或者工业石灰的添加剂量使干化污泥pH值达到12.25，粉煤灰、硅藻土、十二烷基磺酸钠和飞灰的添加对干化污泥pH值影响相对要小。     

An Assessment of the Significance of Mercury Release from Coal Fly Ash

Abstract

Some mercury (Hg) naturally present in coal is retained in the fly ash remaining after combustion. Concern has been raised regarding the potential for release of this Hg to the environment. The exchange of Hg between fly ash and the atmosphere was measured in the laboratory and in situ at a fly ash landfill. All samples of fly ash used in the laboratory study, with the exception of that derived from lignite-type coal, acted as a sink for atmospheric Hg. Deposition rates were found to increase as air Hg concentrations increased and to decrease with incident light and increased temperature. Addition of water to fly ash samples resulted in re-emission of deposited atmospheric Hg. Deposition was the dominant flux measured in situ at a fly ash landfill. Atmospheric Hg was deposited to all samples collected as part of two demonstration projects using carbon injection for enhanced Hg capture. Hg concentrations of extracts derived using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 1312 (Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure) were ≤14.4 ng/L. Data developed demonstrate that fly ash, including that collected from Hg removal projects, will release little Hg to the air or water, and under certain conditions, absorbs Hg from the air.     

Medium-Sulfur Coal and Fly Ash Resistivity

Electric generating plants burning medium-sulfur coal need a way to predict when ESP performance will be limited by high electrical resistivity of the collected fly ash. The main uncertainty in mathematical predictions of fly ash resistivity lies in the marginal effect of naturally occurring SO₃ vapor in the flue gas. This paper results from a project to expand the data base of SO₃/SO₂ concentrations and fly ash resistivities measured in utility fly ash precipitators. Complete data sets are presented from three plants in the Southern Company electric system. In situ resistivity data are compared with laboratory measurements and with two different mathematical predictions of resistivity based on coal and ash analyses. The revised version of the resistivity predictor gives results in good agreement with resistivity values measured both in situ and in the laboratory.