粉煤灰环境效应研究进展

本文综述了国内外粉煤灰环境效应研究的进展，包括处理过程中对陆地和水生态系统的效应以及利用过程中对农业生态、矿山生态的影响，粉煤灰安全贮存具有重要环境学竭诚 改良土壤和矿山生态综合整治方面粉煤灰广阔利用前景。加加粉煤灰环境效应研究，有利于贯彻“贮用并重，积极利用”的方针、趋利避害，实现粉煤灰综合治理。     

粉煤灰的综合利用研究

本文介绍了粉煤灰的物理化学性质，分析了我国粉煤灰的产生量及利用情况，讨论了太原市粉煤灰的利用状况和发展对策。     

火电厂粉煤灰综合利用浅谈

本文在对河南省７０多座火电厂调查研究的基础上分析了火电厂粉煤灰的排放、利用情况以及存在的问题，并提出了综合治理粉煤灰的一些对策，旨在加速粉煤灰综合利用进程，拓宽利用领域，加大利用量。     

粉煤灰的有效利用

介绍了我国粉煤灰利用状况及政策，结合实例分析了粉煤灰的有效利用和清洁生产对促进粉煤灰有效利用的作用。     

粉煤灰利用研究现状及其在环境保护中的应用

在参阅文献的基础上，分析了粉煤灰的性质和研究现状，结果表明，粉煤灰的主要利用渠道仍然是水泥行业，同时指出，以环境保护为导向环保型产品高附加值产品的托贝莫来石、沸石和多孔陶瓷型产品的开发将成为未来粉煤灰利用的主导产品。     

粉煤灰保温制品的研制

提出一种以粉煤灰为主要原料制造保温制品的新工艺，该制品强度高、密度低、粉煤灰含量高达９５％以上，为粉煤灰的利用提出了一条新途径。     

用粉煤灰生产水泥填充料

介绍了利用粉煤灰生产水泥填充料－粉煤灰蒸块的方法，这种填充材料可以直接加入水泥熟料中生产水泥，每掺入１０％填料可降低生产成本５％，同掺入普通粉煤灰相比提高了强度，增加了安稳性，解决了长期以来利用粉煤灰步履艰辛的难题。通过一些厂家的使用，三个“效益”比较突出，具有广阔的发展前景。     

湿排粉煤灰的干燥活化与回收利用

随着电力工业的迅速发展，燃煤发电机组排出的粉煤灰量日益增加，环境污染日趋恶化。本文报导了在工业装置上采用干燥活化与回收利用的新方法，成功地解决了粉煤灰综合利用的难题，为粉煤灰的处理和利用开辟了一条新途径。     

粉煤灰在建筑材料中的资源化利用现状

粉煤灰是电厂排放的大宗固体废弃物，其资源化利用一直是政府和专家学者极为关注的问题。结合粉煤灰的性质特点，介绍了粉煤灰在建筑材料方面资源化利用的一些新途径和应用现状。     

粉煤灰综合利用的典型案例研究

本文以赤峰第二毛纺厂电厂为背景，介绍了该厂粉煤灰综合利用的特殊需求及综合利用途径的选择和原理。分析了利用粉煤灰生产粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥项目的经济、社会、环境效益。     

不同物料堆肥富里酸的结构特征的研究

通过三维荧光平行因子分析（EEM-PARAFAC）和二维相关光谱（2DCOS）分析了富含木质纤维素类物料（果蔬废物和杂草废物）和富含木质素类物料（秸秆废物和园林修剪废物）堆肥形成的富里酸的结构和组成.结果显示，两类堆肥物料形成的富里酸结构差异显著.虽然两类物料的荧光组分含量及变化基本相似，但是特征官能团与其荧光组分的变化顺序却不同.富含木质纤维素类物料堆肥形成的富里酸中类酪氨酸和类色氨酸先于芳环形成，而富含木质素类物料堆肥形成的富里酸中芳环先于类酪氨酸和类色氨酸.并且，研究发现在堆肥高温期和腐熟期，富里酸的芳环含量在木质纤维类和木质类物料中分别增加了约10%和5%，脂肪族的含量分别下降了约10%和6%，说明堆肥过程中富里酸结构中脂肪族逐渐降解并伴随其芳香性逐渐增加；结构方程模型结果表明，类富里酸、脂肪族基团和羧基是富里酸中芳环形成的关键组分.本文研究结果可为明确堆肥过程中富里酸的形成提供理论基础.     

高效干法脱硫剂的研究与开发

研究高效干法烟气脱硫剂是提高干法脱硫效率的一种途径，通过分析和探讨ＣａＯ和ＦＡ的配比、添加剂的种类及加入量、反应温度对脱硫剂脱硫性能的影响，研究了高效干法脱硫剂的制备方法和工艺。     

猪粪堆肥过程中腐殖酸电子转移机制及光谱演化特征

3D-EEM),探究了猪粪堆肥过程中HA和FA的化学结构变化以及对ETC的影响。结果表明:HA的ETC由堆肥初期10.06 μmol e-/g C增长至末期40.07 μmol e-/g C,FA的ETC由堆肥初期的15.36 μmol e-/g C增长至末期的69.73 μmol e-/g C,二者均随时间变化呈波动上升趋势,且EDC在电子转移中占主要地位。光谱分析表明,堆肥中的木质素类物质经堆肥化后会转变为聚合度高的腐殖质类物质,相比于堆肥初期,腐熟期时有机质的腐殖化程度和芳香化程度增大,相对分子质量也增高。类蛋白物质(组分C4)在堆肥过程中逐渐减少,易被微生物作为碳源利用从而转化为类腐殖质物质(组分C2),且C2是堆肥中较为稳定的组分。相关性分析表明:类蛋白质物质减少、腐殖化程度增加会使HA和FA的ETC增强,FA的电子转移能力更容易受到腐殖化程度的影响。     

Application of winery and distillery waste composts to a Jumilla (SE Spain) vineyard: Effects on the characteristics of a calcareous sandy-loam soil

The effects on different physico-chemical, chemical and biological soil properties of the incorporation of different organic materials into a calcareous vineyard soil were studied in an experiment during three growing seasons. The organic materials used were sheep manure and four composts derived from the treatment of winery and distillery wastes. A multivariate technique, factor analysis (FA), was also used for interpreting the data obtained from the samplings carried out throughout the three vine growing seasons. The application of the organic materials induced an increase in the activity of the soil microorganisms and in the soil macro and micronutrient contents, as well as a slow release of inorganic N. Through FA of the soil properties studied, three factors that explained 74.7% of the variability were established and the effects of the treatments after the whole experimental period were assessed.     

Assessing the feasibility of land application of fly ash, sewage sludge and their mixtures

Land disposal of fly ash (FA) and sewage sludge (SS) is a major problem due largely to their potentially harmful constituents. Combined use of FA and SS however may help reduce the associated pollution potential. In this paper we summarize the results of several case studies designed to assess the feasibility of land application of FA with and without SS. A wide range of application rates was tested under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. The leaching of metals from soil columns amended with moderate rates of FA applications (8-16 Mg ha⁻¹) generally had no significant impact on the metal content of leachate or their downward migration in the soil. The application of FA or SS at a much high rate (74.1 Mg ha⁻¹) significantly increased both leaching and downward migration of metals. The use of 1:1 FA+SS mixture at 148.2 Mg ha⁻¹ reduced metal leaching compared to the combined metal quantities leached when FA or SS applied at 74.1 Mg ha⁻¹. The results indicate that combined use of FA and SS at a rational rate of application should not cause any significant effect on drainage water quality. Plant studies conducted using FA and SS mixtures indicated that these materials could be beneficial for biomass production, without contributing significant metal uptake or leaching. The application of FA as high as 560 Mg ha⁻¹ in a long-term field trial had no detectable deterioration in soil or groundwater quality and no substantial increases in plant uptake of metals and other trace elements were observed. Low to moderate rates of FA and SS therefore could be successfully used as soil amendments, particularly so when used as a mixture.     

Mating flights select for symmetry in honeybee drones (Apis mellifera)

Males of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) fly to specific drone congregation areas (DCAs), which virgin queens visit in order to mate. From the thousands of drones that are reared in a single colony, only very few succeed in copulating with a queen, and therefore, a strong selection is expected to act on adult drones during their mating flights. In consequence, the gathering of drones at DCAs may serve as an indirect mate selection mechanism, assuring that queens only mate with those individuals having a better flight ability and a higher responsiveness to the queen’s visual and chemical cues. Here, we tested this idea relying on wing fluctuating asymmetry (FA) as a measure of phenotypic quality. By recapturing marked drones at a natural DCA and comparing their size and FA with a control sample of drones collected at their maternal hives, we were able to detect any selection on wing size and wing FA occurring during the mating flights. Although we found no solid evidence for selection on wing size, wing FA was found to be significantly lower in the drones collected at the DCA than in those collected at the hives. Our results demonstrate the action of selection during drone mating flights for the first time, showing that developmental stability can influence the mating ability of honeybee drones. We therefore conclude that selection during honeybee drone mating flights may confer some fitness advantages to the queens.     

翻堆对好氧堆肥腐殖质电子转移能力的影响

开展了连续通风和翻堆两种典型的通风方式进行污泥好氧堆肥,通过分析堆肥腐殖质中富里酸（FA）和胡敏酸（HA）的光谱特征以及本底/化学还原容量（NRC/CRC）的时态变化,研究其对污泥好氧堆肥过程中富里酸（FA）和胡敏酸（HA）的形成和电子转移能力（ETCs）的影响.结果表明：与翻堆处理相比,连续通风处理促进了堆肥FA和HA中类蛋白质组分的减少和类腐殖质组分的增加,强化了高温期和腐熟期FA的电子转移能力（CRC分别增加了176.55和123.24μmol e-/gC）,但降低了HA和升温期FA的电子转移能力（CRC分别降低了246.47和116.13μmol e-/gC）.相关性分析表明,影响污泥堆肥腐殖质电子转移能力的主要因素为pH值、SUVA₂₅₄、SUVA₂₉₀和类蛋白质组分,翻堆处理促进了类腐殖质组分对腐殖质电子转移能力的影响.     

粉煤灰污泥混料改良对重金属在植物体内的迁移及其生物有效性的影响研究

本文通过盆栽试验研究以粉煤灰和污泥混合物为主要添加剂改良石灰岩质退化土壤后对玉米生长发育的影响,并根据重金属富集系数探讨重金属在玉米体内的迁移状况及其生物有效性。试验结果表明：石灰岩质土壤中添加粉煤灰污泥混合物后能显著促进玉米的生长,其养分具有缓慢释放的效果。重金属分析结果显示,不同配比条件下的生长介质中,重金属含量符...     

富里酸在聚苯乙烯微塑料上的吸附行为

主要探究富里酸(FA)在聚苯乙烯(PS)和HBCD-PS复合物(HBCD-PS)微塑料上的吸附特性与作用机制.结果表明, PS对FA几乎没有吸附效果, 然而HBCD的存在显著地促进了FA在HBCD-PS上的吸附行为.W-M颗粒内扩散和Boyd扩散模型证实了HBCD-PS对FA的吸附过程主要受颗粒内扩散控制.HBCD-PS对FA的吸附过程更加符合准二级动力学和Freundlich模型.溶液pH值和NaCl含量显著地影响HBCD-PS对FA的吸附量. HBCD-PS主要通过疏水和静电相互作用与FA结合.此外, 重金属离子(Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ))的存在促进了FA在HBCD-PS上的吸附, 这与它们之间的络合能力呈正相关.     

改性粉煤灰吸附对硝基苯酚的研究

研究了粉煤灰 (FA)和浸渍粉煤灰 (IFA)吸附水溶液中有害的对硝基苯酚 ,试验了颗粒大小、浸渍条件、p H值和温度等因素对吸附量的影响。结果表明 ,在稀溶液中进行吸附时 ,提高温度、减小粒径和 p H值 ,可增加粉煤灰对对硝基苯酚的吸附量 ;用 Al3+离子浸渍的粉煤灰具有较大的吸附量 ;吸附机理是多孔物质吸附和静电共同作用的过程。