唐山矿矿井水净化利用工业笥试验研究：煤科总院杭州环保所矿井水课…

本文根据唐山矿矿井水水质水量的具体情况，提出了合理的配水方案，调整了矿井水的出水水质，简化矿井水净化处理工艺，并在厂区用地面积不足的情况下，通过净水设施的合理布置和选择，建成了出水水质符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》的日产１．５万立米矿井水净化厂。     

北宿煤矿矿井水净化处理利用技术

根据北宿煤矿矿井水涌水量、水质情况及处理后水质要求，确定矿井水净化工艺、技术参数、主要处理构筑物及设备。矿井水净水处理后水质已全部作为生产和生活（洗澡）用水，取得了良好的社会、环境和经济效益。     

集贤煤矿矿井水净化处理技术

本文论述了集贤煤矿矿井水净化处理的必要性，提出在确定矿井水处理规模之前应进行矿井水涌水量预测。根据历年涌水量情况、涌水量预测结果、需水量和资金等，确定矿井水处理规模；根据处理规模、原水水质、目标水质、资金、操作管理水平和当地实际情况等确定工艺流程；并给出主要构筑物和建筑物、工程投资和经济分析。     

摸清矿井水水质合理经济地实现矿井水资源化

本文通过几年来对全国重点煤矿矿井水环境污染及净化利用现状的调研,以及对开滦唐山矿、七约山炭山湾矿等矿井水净化处理作生活饮用水项目的试验研究认为:煤矿矿井水水质随地区水文地质条件、煤质状况等因素的影响,变化较大。各种水质类型的矿井水有各种不同的处理工艺,因此在对某一矿井水实施净化利用之前,应认真摸清其水质情况,这对于选择合适的净水处理工艺方案是十分必要的。同时还必须注意在一些矿区,甚至同一矿井中不同水平间的矿井水水质也存在很大差别。因此,在水量许可的条件下,根据水质情况选择易于处理的矿井水或根据目标水质进行的合理调配各水平矿井水作为处理水源,可简化矿井水净化处理工艺过程,节省投资、降低运行成本,经济合理地实现矿井水的资源化。     

北宿煤矿矿井水净化处理复用技术

根据北宿煤矿矿井水涌水量、水质情况及处理后水质要求,确定矿井水净化工艺、技术参数、主要处理构筑物及设备。矿井水净化处理后水质已全部作为生产和生活(洗澡)用水,取得了良好的社会、环境和经济效益。     

浅谈兖州矿区矿井水资源化

本文论述了兖州矿区矿井水资源化的必要性和可行性，根据矿井水的水质，提出了投资省，操作管理方便，处理效果好的处理工艺，并对矿井水资源化的经济效益作了全面分析。     

唐山矿矿井水净化利用工业性试验研究

本文根据唐山矿矿井水水质水量的具体情况,提出了合理的配水方案,调整了矿井水的出水水质,简化矿井水净化处理工艺,并在厂区用地面积不足的情况下,通过净水设施的合理布置和选择,建成了出水水质符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》的日产1.5万立方米矿井水净化厂。     

梧桐庄矿矿井水外排水质调查分析与评价

围绕峰峰集团梧桐庄矿矿井水外排是否对周边潜层水质有影响，进行了调研、化验、分析、评价，查明了矿井水水量和水质变化特征、周边潜水层的水质特征和矿井水沿漳河排放的影响情况，确保了矿井的稳定生产，社会效益和经济效益明显。     

新集八里塘煤矿矿井水净化处理改造技术

论述了八里塘煤矿矿井水净化处理的必要性，根据矿井水水质和处理规模确定工艺流程，说明工艺特点，并给出了主要工艺参数、主要建（构）筑物、工程投资与经济分析等。     

前屯煤矿矿井水处理作饮用水的技术实践

本文根据前屯煤矿矿井水排放规律和原水水质特征，采用ＫＪＳ型一体化净水器，锰砂除铁滤器及消毒等处理工艺，处理后水质完全达到国家饮用水标准，工程投资和运行费用均较合理。     

厌氧氨氧化过程中COD及pH与基质浓度之间的关系

分析了上向流厌氧氨氧化生物滤池中氮素化合物浓度、COD和pH变化规律以及ANAMMOX活性和生物量的分布规律,利用数理统计的方法研究了厌氧氨氧化过程中COD和pH与氮素基质浓度之间的关系.结果表明,溶解氧和氮负荷的共同作用使得ANAMMOX活性和生物量的分布沿滤层深度呈"山脊"状不均匀分布;异养反硝化的存在和H+的消耗使得厌氧氨氧化过程中COD和pH分别呈降低和升高趋势;100 mg/L以下的有机物浓度对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响不大,且COD和pH与基质NH4+-N浓度之间呈良好的线性相关关系.本试验中COD-NH4+-N和pH-NH4+-N拟合直线的斜率分别为1.113 8±0.052 2和-0.111 3±0.001 2,置信度为95%,平均相关系数R2分别为0.982 3和0.985 0.     

基于电子鼻土壤与地下水污染修复现场TVOC和恶臭的评估

根据上海某土壤与地下水污染修复现场情况,应用自主研发的电子鼻系统(iSA-M1)分别对未修复及修复过程中的土壤和地下水、修复场地上空及周边空气中的VOCs和恶臭类气体进行检测.结合前期研究所得TPI和OPI公式,求得各点的值,并将其用图表示.结果表明:①修复后TVOC和恶臭的浓度总体呈下降趋势;②在土壤和地下水修复过程中,VOCs和恶臭的挥发受气象要素和作业的影响,其浓度在总体下降的过程中伴随着阶段性上升现象;③结合GIS技术,电子鼻能初步用于评估土壤和地下水修复现场造成的空间污染情况及对周围居民产生的影响.但造成影响程度的具体细化分级还需要进一步研究.     

军工材料环境适应性工程化验证和研究发展战略探讨

通过对国内外发展现状分析,讨论了环境适应性工程化验证和研究在军工材料开发、应用及其在武器装备发展中的地位和作用。提出了军工材料环境适应性工程化验证的技术内涵、试验与研究的模式和军工材料开发到武器装备应用各个阶段的任务和目标。在此基础上。探讨了发展军工关键材料环境适应性工程化验证试验与研究的总体战略和目标。结合国情。提出了军工关键材料环境适应性工程化验证与研究和关键材料体系环境适应性数据完善．军工关键材料环境适应性工程化验证自主保障能力建设．军工关键材料环境适应性工程化验证技术的提升等3方面重点发展和研究内容的构想与建议。     

中国资源型城市的高质量发展：困境与突破

资源型城市的高质量发展具有重大的战略意义。为清晰认识中国资源型城市转型存在的问题以及高质量发展的路径,邀请来自不同领域的十位专家就当前资源型城市高质量发展的主要困境与突破路径等研究前沿进行访谈,访谈结果表明：中国资源型城市转型取得了巨大成绩,但距离高质量发展的要求仍有较大距离,突出表现在经济发展仍未能摆脱资源依赖的发展路径、推动高质量发展的新要素集聚偏弱和碳减排目标下资源型城市的内、外部均面临着巨大的压力;新时期需要重新认识资源型城市的作用和地位,提升资源型城市保障国家资源能源安全的能力;在深刻把握传统资源禀赋概念内涵基础上实现对新资源体系的再认知,注意挖掘新资源,充实资源型城市研究的新知识体系;要针对不同类型的资源型城市的发展条件,分类施策,因地制宜推动资源型城市的创新发展;要继续提高经济增长的就业弹性,增强经济发展拉动就业的能力,并充分重视就业机会的创造和培育;要加快探索绿色、高效的转型发展道路,同步实现“存量”的绿色化和“增量”的绿色性;要综合考虑资源型城市开发基础和要素资源条件,从传统的“增长和扩张型”转变为“高效增长与精明收缩结合型”发展模式;要整合新数据与新技术方法科学/智...     

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and heavy metals on soil and its components

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and two typical metals (copper and silver) on black soil and its components (kaolinite and humic acid) were investigated. It was found that because of their different valences and properties, Cu²⁺and Ag⁺ presented different effects on the sorption of mefenacet. Due to the competition of Cu²⁺, along with the shells of dense water formed by its surface complexation, for sorption surface area with mefenacet, the addition of Cu²⁺ decreased the sorption amount of mefenacet on soil and its components, especially on humic acid. However, the addition of Ag⁺ significantly enhanced the sorption of mefenacet, which was attributed to the softness of the cation that weakened the hydrophilicity of the local region around Ag⁺-complexed functionalities, and thus mitigated the competitive sorption of water. In addition, the sorption of mefenacet on soil with or without the two metals was generally decreased with increasing pH, which was caused by the hydrolysis of carbonyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the sorbents, π-π interaction between mefenacet and the soil organic matter, and so on. On the other hand, the presence of mefenacet seemed to have little effect on the sorption of Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺, indicating that Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺ might be sorbed strongly on the tested sorbents and the mefenacet added was too low in concentration to affect the sorption of the metals.     

Experimental investigation of the effect of sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied in this study both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final (equilibrium) concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency) and is comparable to natural surface water conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment, and in particular the adsorption rate, is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

持续水动力作用下湖泊底泥胶体态氮、磷的释放

为揭示水动力扰动及其后续沉淀效应对湖泊内源氮、磷营养盐释放的作用,通过室内试验模拟了水体在受到持续扰动后又长时间静置沉淀的整个过程. 结果表明,水动力扰动初期可引起底泥颗粒态和胶体态氮、磷向水体大量释放. 在连续扰动0.5 d时,水体总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度分别达最高值2.106 mg/L和0.272 mg/L; 连续扰动1 d时,水体中胶体氮(CN)和胶体磷(CP)含量分别达最高值0.452 mg/L和0.052 mg/L; 之后虽继续扰动,因颗粒物和胶体物质的凝聚沉淀作用超过了其悬浮量,TN、TP、CN、CP的含量却转而降低.在停止扰动后的静置过程中,大颗粒悬浮物迅速沉淀,而胶体物质沉降缓慢,静置时间超过1 d后,CN和CP含量才开始因絮凝沉淀而降低.真溶解态氮(UDN) 和真溶解态磷(UDP)含量在扰动阶段升高较少而在静置1　d之后有持续大幅度升高,说明胶体的吸附作用在扰动阶段限制了水体溶解态氮磷含量的升高,且延长了其悬浮后在水柱中的停留时间,在扰动后的静置阶段,胶体又会将吸附的氮磷解吸释放到水体中,从而延缓了营养盐去除和水质的改善.     

污泥超高温好氧发酵去除氟喹诺酮类抗生素及其降解产物

对比分析了污泥传统高温好氧发酵(TC)和超高温好氧发酵(HTC)对诺氟沙星(NOR)、氧氟沙星(OFL)及其降解产物的去除性能.结果表明,超高温好氧与高温好氧发酵25d时NOR去除率分别为91.8％,92.1％,产物诺氟沙星脱乙基(NORP)残留含量分别为628,668μg/kg;OFL去除率分别为92.1％、88.1...     

MFI型沸石吸附分离水体中混合硝基氯苯的研究

采用MFI型沸石(HZSM-5与Silicalite-1沸石)为吸附剂分别吸附水体中的对硝基氯苯和邻硝基氯苯,研究了温度与沸石的结构特性对硝基氯苯吸附的影响,以及2种硝基氯苯分子在MFI型沸石中的扩散行为．结果表明,在不同温度下,对硝基氯苯与邻硝基氯苯在HZSM-5与Silicalite-1沸石中的吸附行为明显不同;对硝基氯苯在2种MFI型沸石中的扩散系数都显高于邻硝基氯苯．对硝基氯苯与邻硝基氯苯在吸附量与扩散性上的差异导致HZSM-5与Silicalite-1沸石对对硝基氯苯的吸附具有良好的选择性．尤其HZSM-5沸石在低温下更有利于从水体中选择性吸附分离混合硝基氯苯。     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.