混凝土夹层保温材料在建筑节能环保中的应用研究

建筑能耗约占社会总能耗的30%,因此建筑行业节能潜力巨大。混凝土夹层秸秆砌块作为新型墙体保温材料,具有改善建筑内部的湿热环境的优点,具有广泛应用的前景。以建筑中的混凝土夹层秸秆砌块为实验研究对象,通过试验对其冬季耗热量和夏季耗能指标进行测试,对该建筑材料保温性能进行试验研究,并探讨了在建筑中使用混凝土夹层秸秆砌块的整体的节能性能。通过实验研究为混凝土夹层秸秆砌块在建筑物中的广泛应用提供了实验依据,表明了混凝土夹层秸秆砌块具有重要的应用价值、工程意义和经济效益。     

工业废物在混凝土生产中的研究和应用

混凝土生产会使用大量的自然资源和能源,带来环境污染.为减少自然资源消耗,对粉煤灰、高炉矿渣、建筑废物等几种工业废物在混凝土生产中的研究和应用进行了探讨,认为工业废物的综合利用是混凝土行业实现绿色发展的有效途径.     

专利资讯

正专利名称:回收聚氨酯硬泡混凝土复合自保温砌块专利申请号:CN201320448711.6公开号:CN203412175U申请日:2013.07.26公开日:2014.01.29申请人:江苏绿源新材料有限公司本实用新型公开了一种回收聚氨酯硬泡混凝土复合自保温砌块,包括砌块体,砌块体上设置三排平行的矩形盲孔,中间一排盲孔中充填聚氨酯泡沫。本实用新型结构合理,利用废旧PU颗粒作为轻骨料而制成自保温砌块,具有密度低、     

铜尾矿与陶瓷抛光泥复合蒸压加气混凝土的制备及其性能研究

利用废弃物铜尾矿与抛光泥复合取代粉煤灰,与水泥、石灰、石膏等材料制备蒸压加气混凝土。重点研究了铜尾矿与陶瓷抛光泥的颗粒细度、掺加量、工艺参数等对蒸压加气混凝土砌块抗压强度、绝干密度等性能的影响,通过XRD、SEM对其微观机理进行研究。结果表明:铜尾矿与抛光泥粉磨时间为20 min时,铜尾矿的比表面积达到244.5 m2/kg,抛光泥比表面积为350.4 m2/kg。原材料中铜尾矿、抛光泥、水泥、石灰、石膏的质量比为45∶20∶10∶22∶3时,制备的砌块最大抗压强度达到5.1 MPa,平均抗压强度达到4.7 MPa,绝干密度低于625 kg/m3,达到A3.5,B06的蒸压加气混凝土砌块的要求。砌块中的托贝莫来石与C-S-H （B）等水化产物与未反应的石英相互致密穿插,使砌块的微观孔结构更加致密,砌块的抗压强度更高。     

生态护砌模拟河道对氮系污染物的去除特性

分别应用生态混凝土预制球型砌块、板状砌块及4球联体砌块构建3条中试规模的模拟河道,定量研究生态护砌河道对氮系污染物的去除特性,并与"三面光"护砌模拟河道进行对比.结果表明.在自然条件下,水力停留时间2 d时.生态混凝土预制球型砌块护砌河道对黄浦江原水中NH 4.-N、NO2-.-N、NO-3.-N、TN的去除率分别为83.6%、75.2%、37.1%、47.5%,生态混凝土预制板状砌块护砌河道为83.4%、53.0%、30.6%、40.4%.生态混凝土预制4球联体砌块护砌河道为88.1%、72.4%、33.0%、40.9%.在相同的条件下,"三面光"护砌河道对NH 4.-N、TN的去除率分别为61.1%、9.1%,而NO-2-N、NO-3-N由于受到NH 4-N转化的影响,浓度产生了累积,分别增加了7.4%、3.4%.护砌方式对水中氮系污染物的去除影响显著,生态护砌方式可在短期内有效去除水中氮系污染物,故可作为河流等地表水体水质净化与修复的重要措施.护砌结构孔隙率和植被覆盖率的提高有利于生态护砌河道对氮系污染物的去除.     

4种生态混凝土护坡护砌方式的生态特性研究

以黄浦江生态护坡采用生态混凝土预制单球组合、16球联体砌块、圆孔型砌块以及矩形砌块4种护砌方式的生态特性为研究对象,通过对各类护砌方式的覆土保持、植被植生、植物生长状况以及护坡稳定性的研究,探讨不同护砌方式的生态特性及适用范围.结果表明,球体构型砌块、圆孔型砌块配以草本植被狗牙根以及美人蕉、香蒲、水葱等水生植物最适宜构建黄浦江的生态护坡.     

建筑材料隐含环境影响评估

我国建筑业快速发展,建筑开发使用大量的建筑材料给资源和环境带来严重负荷.以上海市为案例,运用生命周期评价方法,基于北京工业大学和Ecoinvent数据库中的建筑材料生产数据,采用ReCiPe法对上海市建筑物的材料隐含环境影响进行评估,并对未来的环境影响潜值进行预测.结果表明:在上海市居住建筑和非居住建筑所产生的各类环境影响中人类毒性、金属损耗最为突出,约占总环境影响的45%和20%;环境影响主要来源于钢筋和木材的生产,对各类环境影响贡献度分别约为47%、17%;高层居住建筑和非居住建筑中的工厂建筑物化环境影响在各自类型中所占比例最高.按现有趋势发展,2020年上海市居住建筑开发规模和环境影响潜值均将达到2014年的1.52倍,非居住建筑则可达到2014年的1.14倍.针对上海市建筑材料环境影响分析结果,为有效减轻上海市建筑物的环境影响,需重点关注钢筋、铝材、木材以及混凝土的生产,识别生产过程中污染物转移环节进而改进工序;在设计阶段考虑选择环境影响负荷低的绿色建材,如混凝土砌块、高性能混凝土等,从而降低环境影响;同时,应重点关注隐含环境负荷高的高层居住和工厂建筑类建筑,通过降低建材使用量等方案降低环境影响.      

河道清淤及淤泥制混凝土砌块技术——以深圳坪山河综合整治工程为例

以深圳市坪山河综合整治工程为例,开展河道清淤及淤泥制混凝土砌块研究,为城市河道淤泥处置提供解决方案。在坪山河老河道采集57个淤泥样品,检测淤泥浸出液重金属含量,结果表明:砷和铜含量较高,砷最高值达2.861 mg/L,铜最高值为1.515 mg/L。淤泥无机矿物成分占比82.36%,有机质占比9.03%,淤泥掺量为15%时制得的混凝土砌块抗压强度为57.6 MPa。砌块在河道综合整治工程中可回用于路面工程、河道护坡工程。淤泥制砌块的两个重要考核指标是砌块的环境安全性和质量。该示范案例将为类似工程提供参考。     

论PLC在节能环保建材加气混凝土砌块生产控制中的应用

加气混凝土砌块作为新型节能环保墙体材料市场前景广阔。本文讨论了基于西门子SIMATIC S7-300中型PLC的加气混凝土砌块生产自控系统的设计与实现。S7-300PLC通过与ET200M通讯模块、数字量输入输出模块、模拟量输入输出模块等共同组成过程控制系统,并用上位机实现实时监控,提高了这种节能环保建材的生产效率和产能。     

油页岩渣在土木工程领域中的回收利用

文章分析了油页岩渣在制备水泥、陶粒、砖和砌块、微晶玻璃方面的应用研究,发现相比于它在化工领域中的应用,油页岩渣在土木工程领域中的应用回收利用率高、去废效果相对明显,但仍存在一次消纳率不高的局限。利用油页岩渣制备油页岩渣混凝土是大量消耗油页岩渣和促进油页岩工业发展的有效途径,体现了"节能利废"的发展理念。     

废弃混凝土的开发利用

混凝土仍将是21世纪一种应用最广泛的建筑材料，但越来越多的拆除建筑物会产生大量的废弃混凝土块，既带来环境污染，又造成资源浪费。搞好废旧混凝土的开发利用，具有明显的环境效益和经济效益。     

Waste management strategies for concrete

Recycling and reuse of waste such as building rubble, concrete lumps, etc. generated at construction and demolition sites form part of a wider, complex issue, primarily relating to improving supplies of construction material and solving problems of disposal of waste construction material. Within the framework of the sustainable development of the environment, the use of waste materials with minimum environmental impact has received much attention. The conversion of a large amount of demolished waste into an alternative resource will conserve the depleting natural resources of building materials. Demolished waste is mainly used as a non-stabilized base or sub-base in highway construction. The present paper discusses the recycling process and makes an effort to assess a safe and economic use of recycled concrete as a structural grade material for the construction industry. Extensive tests of structural properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of recycled concrete were carried out, in which cement and similarly fine aggregate were partially replaced by demolished waste to obtain recycled concrete and recycled aggregate concrete whose properties were compared with results for the conventional concrete.     

Recycling of FRP composites: reusing fine GFRP waste in concrete mixtures

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials are being increasingly used in several applications, but especially in the construction and transportation industries. The composites industry is now producing a wide range of FRP products that include strengthening strips and sheets, reinforcing bars, structural profiles, sandwich panels, moulded planks and piping. The waste management of FRP materials, in particular those made with thermosetting resins, is a critical issue for the composites industry because these materials cannot be reprocessed. Therefore, most thermosetting FRP waste is presently sent to landfill, in spite of the significant environmental impact caused by disposing of it in this way. Because more and more waste is being produced throughout the life cycle of FRPs, innovative solutions are needed to manage it. This paper first presents a state-of-the-art review of the present alternatives available to manage FRP waste. It then describes an experimental study conducted on the technical feasibility of incorporating the fine waste generated during the manufacturing of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites in concrete mixtures. Tests were carried out to evaluate the fresh-state and hardened-state properties of concrete mixes in which between 0% and 20% of sand was replaced by GFRP fine waste. Although the incorporation of high proportions of GFRP waste was found to worsen concrete performance in terms of both mechanical and durability-related properties, it seems feasible to incorporate low proportions and reuse GFRP fine waste in concrete, particularly in non-structural applications such as architectural concrete or pavement slabs, where good mechanical properties are less important.     

粉煤灰砌块的物理力学性能试验研究

粉煤灰是火力发电厂在生产中所排出的废弃物,粉煤灰的露天堆放一方面形成新的固体污染源,同时还要侵占大量的空地。因此,如何综合利用粉煤灰、研制开发新型建筑材料、保护自然环境、降低污染、实现经济的可持续性发展已成为当务之急。用粉煤灰砌块代替黏土砖不仅可以解决处理大量废弃物的困难,又可以取得廉价的墙体材料。试验证明,粉煤灰砌块的物理力学性能较混凝土砌块有明显改善,能达到墙体材料的要求。由于粉煤灰空心砌块的迅速发展,对它的物理力学性能研究逐渐被人们重视,是目前能够替代黏土砖的新型墙体材料。     

陶瓷工业固体废物资源化利用现状

陶瓷制品在生产过程会产生大量固体废物,其中大部分是开裂或变形陶瓷产品、在加工中产生的废料以及陶瓷残次品等。随着陶瓷产量的迅速增长,产生的固体废物日益增加。目前,我国陶瓷工业废物的处理与利用率比较低,致使大量废渣挤占耕地、污染环境,限制了陶瓷工业的发展。陶瓷工业固体废物的处理与利用己成为陶瓷工作者和环境工程技术人员共同关注的问题。主要介绍了陶瓷工业固体废物的来源及分类,目前国内外对于陶瓷工业固体废物资源化利用取得的研究成果。对陶瓷工业固体废物的有效利用,不仅缓和了陶瓷企业面临的环境保护压力,还将有效实现经济社会的可持续发展。     

Environmental impacts of building materials and building services components for commercial buildings in Hong Kong

The growing concerns over the environmental impacts of buildings have led to increasing demands for more environmental friendly buildings and building materials. Hitherto, there are not any comprehensive studies that show the overall environmental impact profiles of building materials and building services components for buildings. This paper intends to bridge this gap by reporting overall lifecycle environmental profiles of buildings as well as the ranking orders of environmental impacts of all the building materials and building services materials and components for commercial buildings. Twenty-five commercial buildings in Hong Kong, which include three Grade A office buildings, four Grade B office buildings, one Grade C office buildings, four retail centers and three hotels, have been selected for our study. Based upon these collected samples, no statistical differences were found in the average lifecycle environmental impacts for different building types despite some minor variations were detected. Subsequently, 10 types of building materials and 10 types of building services components have been identified for their significant lifecycle environmental impacts on commercial buildings. Among all, concrete, reinforcement bar, copper power cables, and copper busbars were ranked to be the four most significant materials or components to the total lifecycle environmental impacts. These should form the major targets for improvements in environmental performance of commercial buildings.     

Properties of concrete paving blocks made with waste marble

Marble industry produces large amounts of waste marble - what causes environmental problems. In paving blocks based on two cement types we have partly replaced aggregate with waste marble. Physical and mechanical tests were performed on blocks so produced. The cement type turns out to be an important factor. Mechanical strength decreases with increasing marble content while freeze-thaw durability and abrasive wear resistance increase. Waste marble is well usable instead of the usual aggregate in the concrete paving block production.     

多固废耦合水泥制备C30混凝土性能研究

为实现工业固废的资源化利用,研究了以钢渣、水渣和脱硫石膏为原料制备的复合胶凝材料作为掺合料替代水泥制备C30混凝土。考察复合胶凝材料的掺入量对胶材标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、混凝土性能的影响。结果表明：净浆的标准稠度用水量和凝结时间与复合胶凝材料的掺入量呈正相关;所制备混凝土的抗压强度随着复合胶凝材料替代水泥量的增加而下降,全部使用胶凝材料制备混凝土试块的28 d抗压强度达到43.5 MPa,为水泥对照组的78.3%。钢渣微粉和脱硫石膏能够促进水渣水化生成钙钒石和水化硅酸钙等水化产物,起到良好的胶结作用,使得混凝土结构致密。该复合胶凝材料可替代部分水泥,减少CO₂排放,带来巨大的经济效益和环境效益,具有广阔的市场应用前景。     

Wood-based building materials and atmospheric carbon emissions

This study investigates the global impact of wood as a building material by considering emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Wood is compared with other materials in terms of stored carbon and emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel energy used in manufacturing. An analysis of typical forms of building construction shows that wood buildings require much lower process energy and result in lower carbon emissions than buildings of other materials such as brick, aluminium, steel and concrete. If a shift is made towards greater use of wood in buildings, the low fossil fuel requirement for manufacturing wood compared with other materials is much more significant in the long term than the carbon stored in the wood building products.As a corollary, a shift from wood to non-wood materials would result in an increase in energy requirements and carbon emissions.The results presented in this paper show that a 17% increase in wood usage in the New Zealand building industry could result in a 20% reduction in carbon emissions from the manufacture of all building materials, being a reduction of about 1.5% of New Zealand’s total emissions. The reduction in emissions is mainly a result of using wood in place of brick and aluminium, and to a lesser extent steel and concrete, all of which require much more process energy than wood. There would be a corresponding decrease of about 1.5% in total national fossil fuel consumption. These figures have implications for the global forestry and building industries. Any increases in wood use must be accompanied by corresponding increases in areas of forest being managed for long term sustained yield production.