Calcium-Regulation der Muskelkontraktion

The role of calcium in muscle activation is described with particular emphasis on interactions occurring between the regulatory proteins troponin-C, troponin-I, actin and myosin. These interactions depend on calcium, but in turn they also influence the calcium binding to troponin-C. They may be affected by short "competitive" peptides whose sequences are similar to the amino-acid sequences on the protein-interaction sites. They may be also affected by certain drugs (cardiotonic calcium sensitizers) that influence the calcium sensitivity of myofilaments.     

Corporate environmental management and regulation of mining operations in the Cyclades,Greece

The mining industry plays an important role in the local economy in many islands of the Cyclades, contributing significantly to overall growth. However, it has simultaneously caused many environmental problems and has had adverse impacts upon other important economic activities, such as tourism. As a result, questions have been raised as to whether mining should be allowed to continue. This paper assesses the mining operations of the Cyclades, examining the corporate environmental management of mining companies and the process of granting permission for mining operations. Specifically, the regulatory and environmental problems of mining operations are assessed, and the process of obtaining a ‘social licence to operate’ is explored. A number of recommendations are made in order to overcome regulatory inefficiencies and promote corporate environmental management in the mining sector of the Cyclades.     

Effects of simulated acid rain on fertility of litchi

The regulatory role of calcium in fertility of pollen and pistil under simulated acid rain was investigated. The germination percentage of pollen treated with acid rain of pH 4.5 was 9.42% lower than that of control, and that of pH 3.5, pH 2.5 and pH 1.5 were 22.47%, 45.49% and 71.62%, respectively. Simultaneously, the injury character of pollen was obviously observed when flowers were treated with acid rain of pH 3.5. The difference in fruit setting rate between the female flower treated with acid rain of pH 4.0 and the control was significant at p 〈 0.05. Ca（NO3 ）5 of 0.2-0.4 mmol/L could promote pollen germination under the stress of acid rain. The beneficial function was reduced when calcium concentration surpassed 0.8 mmol/L. Spraying 2 mmol/L Ca（NO3 ）5 reduced the injury of acid rain to pistil and increased fruit-setting rate significantly. The physiological importance of calcium during pollen germination and pistil development was also discussed.     

钙同位素在森林生态系统中的研究进展

钙作为植物必需的营养元素之一,对维持森林生态系统稳定有重要作用。本文综述了钙同位素的分析方法和分馏机理,并指出钙同位素分馏可以用来示踪森林系统中钙的来源及途径。在森林生态系统的研究中,土壤与植物之间的钙同位素分馏可以用于区域物质循环的估算。同时对利用钙同位素在森林生态系统对环境响应及生态系统演化应用进行了总结,并基于当前研究对未来采用钙同位素在生物地球化学循环的研究方向进行了展望。     

贵州喀斯特区域土壤有机质的分布与演化特征

中国西南喀斯特区域是全球最大的喀斯特生态区域之一,该区生态环境脆弱,水土流失严重,石漠化趋势严峻。土壤有机质是极为重要的保持土壤结构与质量的物质,深刻认识喀斯特区域土壤有机质的特征与演化是防治和改善我国西南喀斯特区域石漠化现状的迫切需求。本文以贵州省为例,总结归纳前人的研究成果,阐述了该区土壤有机质的分布规律与演化特征,探讨了影响该区土壤有机质分布的因素,以期提出更好的石漠化防治策略。中国西南喀斯特区域土壤受该区多山地形的限制,具有水平地带性以及垂直地带性特征,同时受到喀斯特地质地貌的控制,发育各种非地带性土壤,本区土壤类型多、成因复杂;土壤有机质的分布、演化特征与土壤类型密切相关,具有明显的区域特点。贵州省分布广泛的主要土壤有黄壤、石灰土、红壤、紫色土、黄棕壤、棕壤以及水稻土等。其中,棕壤有机质含量最高,原因可能是棕壤存在区域海拔高,气温低,抑制微生物活动,土壤有机质分解过程比较缓慢;石灰土有机质含量高,原因可能是土壤中钙的含量较高,有机质的保存可能受益于腐殖酸钙及碳酸盐沉淀的包裹保护;而黄壤和红壤等酸性土壤有机质主要是与R_2O_3结合,有机质的活性高于石灰土;黄棕壤有机质含量介于棕壤和黄壤之间;紫色土由于土壤质地的原因,有机质含量最低。     

从碳排放权交易角度谈治理兰州市大气污染的应用研究

随着城市的发展,环境污染问题日益突出,碳排放权交易作为《京都议定书》认定的碳交易机制,在解决环境污染问题上发挥了重要作用。在分析配额型碳交易在美国的成功应用的基础上,针对兰州市的污染现状,构建兰州市碳排放权交易制度来治理大气污染：核定兰州市大气环境容量,确定总量控制目标;确定交易单位;确立碳排放权初始分配机制;制定交易规则,建立监管机构;政府监管并进行相应的惩罚。     

底泥调控剂对感潮河涌沉积物中重金属的影响

以典型的电器工业区重污染感潮河道——佛山市顺德区容桂街道内河涌为研究对象,选取一段河道,投加含硝酸钙的调控剂,采用BCR形态提取法研究调控剂对感潮河涌沉积物中重金属的影响,以评价调控剂对重金属的稳定化效果.结果表明,①调控剂使得重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr的可还原态和可氧化态占总量的百分比降低;②调控剂能有效促进底泥中的重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr向残渣态转化,投加调控剂处理22 d后,重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr的残渣态占总量的质量分数分别升高了4%、20%、21%和23%,这在不同程度上降低了底泥Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr的可生物利用性;③调控剂能使Cu、Pb和Cr的弱酸提取态增加,而使Zn的弱酸提取态下降,即增加了Zn的稳定度而降低了Cu、Pb和Cr的稳定度.总体上,调控剂对底泥重金属Cu、Pb和Cr的稳定化效果并不理想,而对底泥重金属Zn有一定的稳定化效果,但效果不明显.     

论美国能源监管立法与能源管理体制

美国联邦政府从20世纪30年代开始制定能源监管立法。依据集中程度和立法主题,美国能源监管立法可分为电力管控、核能监管、能源安全、放松管制等4个发展时期。根据现行美国能源立法．美国能源管理体制分为联邦和州两个层次。在联邦层次,对能源进行监管的部门有美国能源部、联邦能源监管委员会、核能监管署、环境保护署、国会内政部等。其中,能源部主要负责能源发展和安全的大政方针的制定,联邦能源监管委员会的使命在于通过管制和市场的手段执行能源立法及能源政策。在州层次,一般由州能源委员会、州公用事业委员会以及州环保局负责州的能源监管。     

Gonadotropic effects of dopamine in isolated workers of the primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes chinensis

In social insects, biogenic amines are thought to play regulatory roles in the transition between reproductive states in females. To determine the effect of dopamine on the reproductive development of workers in primitively eusocial societies, isolated workers of the paper wasp Polistes chinensis were supplied with oral dopamine. Ovarian development was accelerated in dopamine-fed workers as compared to control workers of the same age fed only sucrose solution. Oral dopamine increased brain levels of dopamine and its metabolite (N-acetyldopamine). Brain levels of tyramine or octopamine were also increased by dopamine application in one of two colonies; levels of the tyramine metabolite N-acetyltyramine were unchanged. These results indicate that dopamine plays a gonadotropic role in isolated workers in the primitively eusocial wasp, similar to the gonadotropic role previously reported for juvenile hormone. This is the first study to report effects of dopamine on ovarian development in workers of the paper wasp.     

Diffusion of ISO 14001 environmental management systems in China: rethinking on stakeholders’ roles

Since the release of ISO 14001 in 1996, China has witnessed a surge in the number of ISO 14001 certification. As an international environmental standard, ISO 14001 has two basic functions: one is playing as an environmental management instrument, while the other as a signal of firms’ better environmental performance to stakeholders. Based on the stakeholder theory, we have examined the effects of community, regulatory and some organizational stakeholders on the diffusion of ISO 14001 certification at Chinese provincial levels. Using a panel data of ISO 14001 certification from each province for the period of 2004-2008 in China, empirical evidence of such relations is found. The finding reveals that signaling to foreign customers and community stakeholders plays a dominant role in encouraging diffusion of ISO 14001 certification. However, as an important organizational stakeholder, foreign investors have shown no significant effect on the diffusion of ISO 14001 in China.     

Responding to scientific uncertainty in U.S. forest policy

Scientific uncertainty plays a significant role in forest policy and planning. Ecological complexity, the gap between science and policy, and public perceptions of science all contribute to the challenge of dealing with scientific uncertainty. This paper provides an overview of the role of scientific uncertainty in U.S. forest policy and an analysis of the requirements for responding to uncertainty under the National Forest Management Act, National Environmental Policy Act, and Endangered Species Act. The analysis includes a review of a broad range of literature and relevant statutory and regulatory language, along with several illustrative examples of case law. Findings include that all three laws allow for considerable agency discretion in cases of scientific uncertainty, and none prescribes a particular response to uncertainty. Approaches such as adaptive management may provide a way to proceed despite uncertainty, and while this approach represents something of a new paradigm in public land management, it is not incompatible with the current legal framework. The article concludes with recommendations, such as increased transparency and changes in the norms of judicial review, for increasing the accountability of decisions when uncertainty is involved. Also considered are other suggestions, such as peer-review, Daubert standards, and Bayesian inference techniques.     

湿润亚热带典型白云岩流域的化学剥蚀速率——以贵州施秉黄洲河流域为例

针对白云岩岩溶作用过程研究较为缺乏、白云岩地区的化学剥蚀速率报道较少等问题,本文以中国南方喀斯特施秉世界自然遗产地内黄洲河典型白云岩流域为研究区,采用流域水化学径流法,通过获得的2015年3月~2016年3月水文年内钙、镁离子的月平均浓度和高时间分辨率的流量数据,结合白云岩流域的水化学稳态行为,计算出该白云岩流域的化学剥蚀速率为46.91 mm/ka,与其他相似气候条件下白云岩流域的化学剥蚀速率相当,但比以石灰岩为主的碳酸盐岩流域的化学剥蚀速率高38%。这主要是因为在自然条件下,亚热带典型白云岩在地域尺度上有足够的时间达到溶解平衡态,进而使白云石较高的溶解度成为影响其化学剥蚀速率的主要因素。     

岩溶生态系统中的碳循环特征与碳汇效应

碳酸盐岩是岩溶生态系统的物质基础,而碳酸盐岩的形成过程对大气CO2浓度的降低产生重要的作用,目前地球上99.5%的碳被封存在碳酸盐岩中;岩溶生态系统具有富钙、偏碱性的地球化学背景,制约其碳循环特征:碳酸盐岩是在清洁海洋环境中、以生物化学沉积为特征形成的沉积岩,其酸不溶物含量低,通常小于10%,意味着岩溶区土壤资源短缺,土壤总碳库量偏小,同时石灰土的富钙性导致石灰土缓效性碳库和惰性碳库大,土壤碳库的稳定性提高;土壤资源短缺,植被生长发育受到养分、水分的胁迫,使植被的地上、地下生物量的比例发生变化,岩溶区植被地上/地下生物量的比例可占30%～50%,高于非岩溶区的;岩溶水中的高HCO3-浓度,刺激水生植物的光合作用,并将无机碳转化为有机碳,提高碳迁移过程中的稳定性;本文的目的是根据最近的研究成果,揭示岩溶生态系统中碳酸盐岩-土壤-植被-水中碳赋存的状态和转化过程,提出促进岩溶碳汇效应的技术途径。     

A taxonomy for regulatory uncertainty—application to the European Emission Trading Scheme

Research on environmental uncertainty typically distinguishes between different sources of uncertainty according to the different environments that a company interacts with. The regulatory environment and associated uncertainties become especially important when investigating the subject of pollution reduction. Many researchers have started to investigate the effects of environmental regulation on innovation, however, only little is known about the role of regulatory uncertainty in this context. We provide a taxonomy of regulatory uncertainties by building on the Miles and Snow scale of environmental uncertainty. We apply this taxonomy to uncertainties in current climate policy and test it based on a survey among companies that are subject to the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), a flexible mechanism of the Kyoto-Protocol. Our results show that the EU ETS creates uncertainties in all categories of our taxonomy and suggest further research to better understand how different regulatory uncertainties affect companies’ business decisions.     

贵州典型岩溶流域水循环驱动的岩溶碳汇通量及其主控因素分析

利用高分辨率水文水化学自动记录仪,对地处湿润亚热带季风气候条件下的贵州省黔南峰丛洼地区的板寨和黄后,以及位于黔中高原面上丘原区的后寨3个岩溶流域进行了为期6年半(2007年5月至2013年10月)的连续监测。结合流域出口水中主要化学组分的野外滴定与室内分析实验,建立了水中碳酸氢根、钙和镁等主要离子与电导率之间的线性相关关系,进而获得了高时间分辨率的水中CO_2分压、方解石饱和指数和岩溶碳汇通量等指标。数据统计分析发现:(1)板寨、黄后和后寨岩溶流域的多年平均岩溶碳汇通量分别为29、33和39 t-CO_2km~(-2)·a~(-1);(2)岩溶流域出口水中碳酸氢根离子具有化学稳定性行为,流量是流域岩溶碳汇通量的主控因子。     

河套地区几种沉水植物无性繁衍特性研究

沉水植物对于湖泊生态系统有着重要的作用,它们不仅是水生环境食物链中重要的生产者,同时还对湖泊的营养物沉积和循环有着重要的作用,从而影响着湖泊的富营养化进程。本文以黄河内蒙古段河套灌区湖泊中常见的三种沉水植物篦齿眼子菜（Potamogeton pectinatus）、穿叶眼子菜（Potamogeton perfoliatus Linn）和狐尾藻（Myriophyllum verticillatum）为研究对象,对其无性繁殖方式和能力进行了初步研究。观察了这三种植物的营养繁殖结构,并利用茎节切段进行了人工培养试验。结果表明：三种植物均具有很高的营养繁殖潜力。由茎节处萌发新芽和新根并逐渐形成完整的植物体。植株地上部分截断后扦插及漂浮水中处理的成活率较高。而截断后的地下根茎及匍匐茎埋入淤泥后成活率极低。根据三种植物的营养繁殖潜力,探讨了人为收获这些植物的可能性以及其利用潜力。同时,评估了收获这些植物可能对湖泊水生植物群系改变以及湖泊富营养化转型的风险。     

Effect of impurities on desulfurization properties of limestone during coal gasification

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｉｎｃｏａｌａｒｅｕｓｕａｌｙｃｏｎｖｅｒｔｅｄｔｏｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｗｈｅｎｃｏａｌｉｓｇａｓｉｆｉｅｄ．Ｃｕｒｅｎｔｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｄｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｉｚａ...     

中德财政合作辽宁朝阳生态造林项目监测方法的探讨

项目监测在中德财政合作辽宁朝阳生态造林项目执行中起着非常重要的作用.总结多年监测经验,对造林类型,取样方法,评估的数量标准,面积的真实性和评估的质量标准等方面进行科学归纳,形成了一套科学实用的监测方法与监测体系,对提高监测效率和保证造林质量发挥了重要作用.     

和谐社会构建中环境保护的重要性与途径

随着社会的逐步深化与发展,构建和谐社会在促进社会稳定发展中扮演着重要的角色,和谐社会不仅包括人与人之间的和谐,同时也包括人与自然的和谐,因此,环境保护在构建和谐社会中发挥着重要的作用,它不仅实现了人与社会的和谐发展,同时也保证了社会的稳定。本文旨在论述和谐社会构建中环境保护的重要性与途径,以便逐步实现社会的稳定、和谐。