关于工业类建设项目设计阶段环境监理的探讨

工业类项目因其自身特点而成为环境监理的重点,环境监理工作主要分为设计阶段、施工阶段和试生产阶段,鉴于项目设计阶段在工业类环境监理工作中的重要作用,论述了工业类项目设计阶段环境监理的依据和要点.通过环境监理单位在实际项目设计阶段环境监理过程中发现和解决问题的案例,对工业类项目设计阶段的环境监理工作的作用进行了分析和总结.同时,对小型项目单独开展设计阶段环境监理以及环境监理工作的及早介入等提出了展望.     

化工项目环境监理实践与研究

建设项目环境监理是中国环境管理制度的一个组成部分,目前尚处于试点阶段,环境监理的管理体系还有待进一步完善.结合化工项目的特点,归纳总结了对化工项目实施环境监理的主要内容和工作方法,阐述了环境监理在项目设计阶段、施工阶段、试生产阶段应重点关注的内容,全过程监理项目在实施过程中是否落实了环境影响评价及批复提出的环保措施并提出反馈意见.同时,指出了化工项目环境监理的重点,为化工项目的环境监理,提供一定的借鉴.     

一般工业固废填埋场建设项目环境监理探析

介绍了一般工业固废填埋场工程的特点和环境监理的现状;结合填埋场项目环境监理工作的实践,分析并总结了填埋场建设项目环境监理要点,即制订切实的监理方案,对工程的关键部位、关键工序做好巡视、旁站监理工作,在实施过程中做好水土保持、生态保护的监理工作。     

浅述城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场工程环境监理要点

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场建设项目各阶段的环境监理要点差异较大,本文结合城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场建设项目的实际特点,主要探讨了项目各阶段环境监理工作的要点。     

矿山采选项目环境监理工作实践

结合矿山采选项目环境监理的工作实践,概述了矿山采选项目的主要环境影响及生态问题,阐述了矿山采选项目环境监理的范围和工作阶段,并总结矿山采选项目应重点进行环境监理的内容.     

石化项目防渗工程环境监理要点研究

防渗工程是石化项目环境监理的工作重点。以石化项目防渗工程环境监理的工作实践为基础,介绍了防渗工程在石化项目中的重要性,同时深入研究了石化项目防渗工程的环境监理要点及巡检制度。     

污染类项目环境监理工作的实践与探索

建设项目环境监理是中国的一项新的环境保护制度,可以减小施工期的环境污染和生态破坏.结合污染类项目的环境监理工作的实践,重点阐述污染类项目环境监理内容、工作目标,以及在环境监理工作中存在的问题,并提出建议.     

环境监理在医药化工项目中的应用实践——以防渗设计环境监理审查要点分析为例

基于医药化工项目的环境监理实践,总结了防渗设计遵循了参考标准,深入剖析环评文件和环境监理现状彼此间存在的不统一之处,梳理了防渗设计环境监理审查的关键点。本文的研究旨在推动医药化工项目环境监理工作的开展,使环境监理工作更好地服务于环境管理。     

采石场生态整治修复环境监理工作实践

结合采石场综合整治项目环境监理的工作实践,概述其环境影响,阐述了采石场综合整治项目环境监理的过程及成效,并总结环境监理的意义。     

公路项目环境监理工作要点探析

本文通过分析公路项目环境监理过程中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议,并结合工作经验对公路环保工程监理要点进行了探讨,以期对公路项目环境监理工作的开展有所裨益。     

水利水电工程环境影响综合评价的人工神经网络专家系统

在分级加权评价模型层次结构体系基础上,以三峡工程为背景,应用人工神经网络技术,建立了一个水利水电工程环境影响综合评价的人工神经网络专家系统,该专家系统的知识获取和存贮方式与普通专家系统不同,具有较高的推理效率,较强的容错、自适应和自我更新能力。      

抗生素菌渣处理处置技术进展

我国是抗生素原料药生产大国,抗生素菌渣产生量大、处理难度大,且属于危险固废,其合理、安全处置是目前制药企业亟待解决的难题。对抗生素菌渣的焚烧、肥料化、饲料化、填埋、能源化及其他处理处置技术的现状进行了归纳和总结,并对抗生素菌渣处理处置技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Quantification and valuation of ecosystem services in diverse production systems for informed decision-making

The empirical evidence of decline in ecosystem services (ES) over the last century has reinforced the call for ES quantification, monitoring and valuation. Usually, only provisioning ES are marketable and accounted for, whereas regulating, supporting and cultural ES are typically non-marketable and overlooked in connection with land-use or management decisions. The objective of this study was to quantify and value total ES (marketable and non-marketable) of diverse production systems and management intensities in Denmark to provide a basis for decisions based on economic values. The production systems were conventional wheat (Cwheat), a combined food and energy (CFE) production system and beech forest. Marketable (provisioning ES) and non-marketable ES (supporting, regulating and cultural) ES were quantified by dedicated on-site field measurements supplemented by literature data. The value of total ES was highest in CFE (US$ 3142 ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) followed by Cwheat (US$ 2767 ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and beech forest (US$ 2328 ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). As the production system shifted from Cwheat - CFE–beech, the marketable ES share decreased from 88% to 75% in CFE and 55% in beech whereas the non-marketable ES share increased to 12%, 25% and 45% of total ES in Cwheat, CFE and beech respectively, demonstrating production system and management effects on ES values. Total ES valuation, disintegrated into marketable and non-marketable share is a potential way forward to value ES and ‘tune’ our production systems for enhanced ES provision. Such monetary valuation can be used by policy makers and land managers as a tool to assess ES value and monitor the sustained flow of ES. The application of ES-based valuation for land management can enhance ES provision for maintaining the productive capacity of the land without depending on the external fossil-based fertilizer and chemical input.     

生态系统服务价值研究进展

生态系统服务价值评价结合了生态学、经济学、社会学、伦理学等学科的相关内容,是当前国际上科学研究的热点和前沿.本文论述了生态系统服务功能的内涵,就国内外生态系统服务价值评价研究的进展情况分别进行了回顾和总结,提出今后应重点关注生态系统服务价值的时空动态模型开发、时空变化驱动力分析、不确定性分析、评价指标体系与评价方法的标...     

Organic agriculture and ecosystem services

Ecosystem services (ES), such as biological control, pollination, soil formation, nutrient cycling in agriculture are vital for the sustainable supply of food and fibre. The current trends of decline in the ability of agricultural ecosystems to provide ES pose great threat to food security worldwide. This paper discusses the concept of ES and identifies ES associated with agriculture. It discusses the economic and ecological benefits of these ES on farmland in general and its linkages with organic agriculture. The provision of ES on farmland may help to motivate the redesign of small-scale farms using new eco-technologies based on novel and sound ecological knowledge. This has potential to meet the food demand of growing population without damaging human health and the environment.     

人工智能在金属塑性加工领域中的应用

概述了人工智能及其 2个主要分支 (专家系统和人工神经网络 ) ,讨论了遗传算法与专家系统集成以及神经网络与模糊逻辑、专家系统集成的必要性和集成方法 ,分别介绍了专家系统和人工神经网络在塑性加工领域中的应用现状。     

GIS/ES技术在突发性环境污染事故应急管理中的应用探讨

探讨了ＧＩＳ／ＥＳ技术应用于突发性环境污染事故应急管理的可行性及途径，指出利用ＧＩＳ／ＥＳ技术建立的事故应急管理系统有效地对突发性环境污染事故进行智能化管理和应急响应。     

Relevance for decision making of spatially explicit,participatory scenarios for ecosystem services in an area of a high current demand

Participatory ecosystem services scenarios can be used to inform decision making on the sustainable or wise use of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES). To establish the plausibility and coherency of the recently constructed Biscay participatory scenarios, and to analyze policy options for improving sustainability of land use and the supply of ecosystem services, a spatially explicit analysis of land cover change was carried out. The modelling used an innovative methodology which included feedback from key stakeholders. Our study showed that scenario mapping can be a way of testing the credibility and internal consistency of scenarios, and a methodology for making them more coherent; it was also useful for highlighting land use trade-offs. The sustainability analysis for the ES supply side showed the benefits of promoting two land use/cover trends in the Biscay region: (i) an increase of sustainable arable land in the valley zones to reinforce biocapacity and self-provisioning while preserving agroecosystems’ ES flow; and (ii) natural forest regeneration in mountainous and other zones to increase carbon storage and sequestration while enhancing biodiversity and other ES flows. We argue that even if already protected public agro-forest lands may be the best places to start promoting these changes, additional measures are needed to involve private landowners and guarantee changes at a landscape level. Finally, we reflect on the need to make complementary analyses of ES supply and demand as a way of contributing to a broad sustainability agenda.     

阻尼式脉动气流分选装置处理电子废弃物的基础研究

采用机械物理回收方法对电子废弃物进行资源化利用具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益。针对电子废弃物的特点,作者采用阻尼式脉动气流分选装置对电子废弃物中有价组分的分选进行了研究。研究表明,与传统气流分选装置相比,阻尼式脉动气流分选装置可获得更高的分选效率和更宽范围的操作条件。     

Spatial assessment of ecosystem functions and services for air purification of forests in South Korea

Ecosystem functions can be understood as the quantified amount of an ecosystem’s role in a natural process, while ecosystem services are the requantification of the ecosystem functions by factoring in environmental conditions and human needs based on social perspectives. In this study, differences between ecosystem functions and services were presented in terms of air purification of a forest ecosystem. Forest volume growth was employed to quantify the pollutant absorption capacity of a forest and was indicated by the natural functions (NF) for air purification by a forest ecosystem. Forest ecosystem services can be requantified from the forest functions by adding the air pollutant and population densities. Air pollutant density was applied to the assessment of the environmental services (ES) of forest ecosystems. Furthermore, the environmental social services (ESS) of forest ecosystems were assessed by including population density considerations. We simulated differences in NF, ES, and ESS in relation to pollutant and population density; while NF was spatially quantified without a close relationship to air pollutant and population density, ES and ESS reacted to environmental and social condition more sensitively. These results imply that the ecosystem services of forest resources for air purification are high where the pollutant and population densities are high, while the ecosystem functions of forest resources for air purification depend solely on forest conditions and not on the density changes of air pollutants and population. This study suggests that the differences in NF, ES, and ESS are important factors to be understood and considered in the decision-making process for ecosystem services. When considering human needs and surrounding environmental conditions, the results suggest that decision makers should utilize the ES and ESS concepts, which reflect both population and pollutant density along with additional human-related factors.