炼油厂达标废水中溶解性有机物的表征

采用超滤和凝胶色谱法调查了炼油厂达标废水中溶解性有机物 (DOM)的分子量分布 ,并用树脂吸附和离子交换技术研究了该废水DOM中疏水性酸 (HoA)、碱 (HoB)及中性物 (HoN)和亲水性酸 (HiA)、碱 (HiB)及中性物 (HiN)的比例 ,用气相色谱 质谱法 (GC MS)定性分析了疏水性有机物的组成 .结果表明 ,某炼油厂达标废水的TOC为 12 0 6～ 16 80mg·L-1,其中溶解性有机碳 (DOC)为 10 15～ 14 4 4mg·L-1;分子量 <1k的DOM约为 80 % (以TOC计 ) ;DOM中HiN、HoN、HoA、HiB、HoB及HiA的含量分别为 2 9 7% ,2 6 5 % ,2 1 1% ,13 4 % ,5 1%及 4 2 % .鉴定出的HoN包括脂肪烃、苯系物、含硫化合物及邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物等 ,其中C10和C11脂肪烃、甲基亚硫酰苯及邻苯二甲酸二丁脂化合物的含量相对较高 .根据表征结果提出了回用处理建议.     

不同水体溶解性有机物的混凝去除特性

采用硫酸铝、工业氯化铁、无机高分子絮凝剂(PAC)3种无机混凝剂,对广州珠江、北京密云、天津滦河不同原水进行了混凝实验,分析了不同混凝剂去除水体有机物的特性以及不同水体溶解性有机物(DOM)的内在分级特征与其混凝去除率的关系.实验结果表明,①珠江水体由于碱度低,pH较易下降,高投药浓度下此水体DOM更易被氯化铁去除;中低投药下,在南方水体中,PAC与盐类絮凝剂对去除DOM的混凝性能差别不如在北方水体中明显,表明南北方水体DOM的内在特性存在一定差异,即北方水体DOM中可混凝去除部分的有机物易发生电中和作用,带有较多负电基团,南方珠江水体DOM含带电基团的有机物相对较少,而中性有机物含量相对较高,这与进一步分级结果一致.②所有水体从混凝收敛点看,总溶解性有机碳(DOC)去除率都是工业PAC最高,显示电中和(憎水化)-沉淀(吸附)可能为这些水体DOM的主要去除机理.③从不同水体的DOC平均去除率看,珠江水体高于密云水体,它们又明显高于滦河水体.对水体DOM进一步的化学分级研究结果表明,DOC去除率越高的水体,其中的憎水中性物质(HoN)含量也越高.这表明,除了碱度、总有机碳(TOC)外,原水DOM的内在化学分级特征也是影响水体DOC混凝去除率的重要因素.     

污水厂二级出水溶解性有机物臭氧化特性研究

采用液相色谱荧光检测器将三维荧光图谱与凝胶色谱分子量分布相结合,对污水处理厂二级出水溶解性有机物(EfOM)的臭氧化反应特性进行了研究.结果表明臭氧会使得二级出水溶解性有机物三维荧光强度明显降低.HPLC-SEC的结果表明臭氧不会改变腐殖质类物质的分子量分布,但臭氧会与小分子蛋白类物质发生反应.根据制备液相的分析结果,小分子蛋白类物质中含有大量苯环及其他共轭结果物质,因此臭氧会优先与小分子蛋白类物质发生反应.同时,XPS分析结果表明臭氧在低投加量下就会与苯环结构反应,提高脂肪类饱和有机物含量,随着投加量进一步升高,含氧官能团(羰基,羧基)数量有所升高.     

改性污泥基吸附剂深度处理出水有机物的研究

本研究通过对污泥热解碳化,并负载传统的混凝剂制成改性污泥基吸附剂（Modified Sludge-Based Adsorbents, MSBAs）,用来深度处理超短污泥龄活性污泥工艺出水有机物（COD）.同时,以总有机物（TCOD）和溶解性有机物（SCOD）去除率及处理前后各类有机物组分特征变化为指标,评价MSBAs深度处理出水中有机物的效果及处理后污水中有机物的潜在风险.结果表明,改性后的污泥基吸附剂均有较好的有机物吸附效果,TCOD的去除效率可达到32.6%以上,其中,Fe₂（SO₄）₃改性制备的污泥基吸附剂对有机物的去除能力最大,TCOD最大的去除效率为42.5%,其中,SCOD最大的去除效率为44.1%.有机物特征分析结果显示,4种MSBAs对污水中疏水酸性有机物（HPO-A）有较好的去除效果,且处理后污水中有机物芳香构造化程度增加,稳定性增加,污水消毒副产物的产生可能性大大降低.     

污水生化出水有机物对氯贝酸臭氧降解的影响研究

常规水处理技术无法有效去除痕量的药品和个人护理品(PPCPs),臭氧工艺因具有效果可观、二次污染小等优势,尤其适合用于生化尾水的深度处理.而污水生化出水有机物(EfOM)对臭氧降解PPCPs起着至关重要的作用.本文选取腐殖酸(HA)、牛血清蛋白(BSA)、海藻酸钠(AGS)和葡聚糖(Dextran)作为模拟EfOM 4种代表物质,以氯贝酸(CA)为PPCPs模板化合物,考察了模拟EfOM化合物浓度、反应时间及溶液初始pH对臭氧降解效果的影响规律和机制.结果表明,CA臭氧降解速率符合假一级动力学方程,模拟EfOM化合物为10 mg·L~(-1) TOC时,对CA臭氧降解效果呈现出HADextran≈DW(超纯水)≈AGSBSA的规律.HA可提高HO·的生成速率从而加快CA降解效率,反应速率常数提升了3倍,去除率提高了17.5%;而BSA则明显抑制HO·的生成,从而降低CA降解速率.HA的存在对CA臭氧降解影响较为复杂,研究发现当HA浓度为1 mg·L~(-1) TOC时,能促进HO·的生成和CA的降解,而当浓度升高时会表现出抑制作用.CA臭氧降解速率和反应过程中HO·生成均随着溶液初始pH的增加而增大.pH的变化还会影响HA对臭氧降解CA的作用效果.溶液初始pH为4时,HA投加可促进HO·生成和臭氧降解;但随着pH的升高,HA的存在形态会发生改变,从而表现出对CA臭氧降解效果的抑制作用.     

水中天然有机物的臭氧强化光催化降解研究

研究了饮用水源中大分子天然有机物（NOM）的臭氧强化光催化降解,考察了臭氧投加量、反应时间和HCO3^-浓度对NOM降解速率的影响;分析了臭氧强化光催化过程中NOM相对分子质量的变化,并比较不同相对分子质量大小NOM的降解速率.研究结果表明,臭氧强化光催化比单独臭氧氧化、光催化能更有效地降解NOM,同时增加臭氧投加量和反应时间才能有效提高臭氧强化光催化对TOC的去除率,而单独增加臭氧投加量可显著提高生物可降解性;HCO3^-显著降低光催化的降解效果,臭氧强化光催化能有效地减弱HCO3^-的不利影响;臭氧强化光催化过程中大分子NOM分解为小分子,SUVA值迅速下降,且相对分子质量越大矿化速度越快.     

发酵制药废水二级出水中溶解性有机物特性分析

溶解性有机物（DOM）是发酵制药废水二级生化尾水深度处理工艺的主要去除对象,深入解析废水中DOM的特性是将其有效去除的前提和关键.本研究采集氨基酸类、头孢类、抗生素类、维生素类、阿维菌素类5种发酵制药废水二级出水,通过XAD-8树脂亲疏水性分离、凝胶色谱分子量分级、傅里叶变换红外光谱和三维荧光表征对二级出水中的DOM进行特性分析.结果表明,5种发酵制药废水二级出水的盐度和色度高,废水中有机物浓度高、波动大（48.60~245.40 mg·L^-1）.DOM大多数以疏水性组分为主,分子量分布广泛（210~10000 Da）.二级出水DOM均含有大量的不饱和双键、苯环结构,同时含有—OH、—NH₂和C=O等发色团和助色基团,造成废水色度较高.通过对发酵制药废水二级出水进行EEM-PARAFAC分析确定了4种荧光组分特征峰,包括3种腐殖质类（C1、C3、C4）和1种类蛋白类组分（C2）.发酵制药废水二级出水中DOM主要是以类腐殖质有机物为主（C1、C3）.全方面识别和解析发酵制药废水DOM的组成,可为废水深度处理工艺的优化提供指导.     

厌氧-缺氧-好氧处理出水中溶解性有机物组分的特征分析

本研究利用XAD-8大孔树脂对某城市污水处理厂的厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A2O)工艺出水中的溶解性有机物进行了组分分离,分析了各组分的溶解性有机碳(Dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、紫外-可见光谱和遗传毒性.结果表明,污水中亲水性物质和疏水酸性物质的DOC含量分别占总DOC含量的65%和24%.亲水性物质组分中的芳香族化合物含量显著高于其它组分,但是单位质量的亲水性物质、疏水酸性物质和疏水碱性物质中的芳香族化合物含量相近.污水具有一定的遗传毒性,主要遗传毒性物质为亲水性物质和疏水酸性物质,而疏水碱性物质和疏水中性物质则未检出遗传毒性.     

Effects of ozonation and coagulation on effluent organic matter characteristics and ultrafiltration membrane fouling

Effluent organic matter （EfOM） is the major cause of fouling in the low pressure membranes process for wastewater reuse. Coagulation and oxidation of biological wastewater treatment effluent have been applied for the fouling control of microfiltration membranes. However, the change in EfOM structure by pre-treatments has not been clearly identified. The changes of EfOM characteristics induced by coagulation and ozonation were investigated through size exclusion chromatography, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry and titrimetric analysis to identify the mechanisms in the reduction of ultrafiltration （UF） membrane fouling. The results indicated that reduction of flux decline by coagulation was due to modified characteristics of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） content. Total concentration of DOC was not reduced by ozonation. However, the mass fraction of the molecules with molecular weight larger than 5 kDa, fluorescence intensity, aromaticity, highly condensed chromophores, average molecular weight and soluble microbial byproducts decreased greatly after ozonation. These results indicated that EfOM was partially oxidized by ozonation to low molecular weight, highly charged compounds with abundant electron- withdrawing functional groups, which are favourable for alleviating UF membrane flux decline.     

Kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption of dissolved organic matter fractions from secondary effluent by fly ash

Fly ash was used as a low-cost adsorbent for removing dissolved organic matter (DOM) in secondary effluent. Batch experiments were conducted under various adsorbent dosages, pH, contact time, temperatures and DOM fractional characteristics. Under the optimum conditions of fly ash dosage of 15 g/L, temperature of 303 K and contact time of 180 min, a removal of 22.5% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 23.7% of UV-254, 25.9% of the trihalomethanes precursors in secondary effluent was obtained. The adsorption of DOM fractions onto fly ash all followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model, and the hydrophilic fraction adsorption by fly ash also fitted the intraparticle diffusion model quite well. Freundlich and Langmuir models were applicable to the fly ash adsorption and their constants were evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacities of the adsorptions revealed that fly ash was more effective in adsorbing hydrophilic fraction than the acidic fractions. Structure changes of the DOM fractions after fly ash adsorption were also characterized via spectrum analyzing. Those mechanisms presented critical step toward improved efficiencies of fly ash adsorption via further surface-modification.     

Characterization of natural organic matter in water for optimizing water treatment and minimizing disinfection by-product formation

正Introduction Natural organic matter(NOM)present in source water has significant impact on water treatment processes and on the quality of drinking water.NOM is a complex mixture of diverse groups of organic compounds,humic and fulvic acids,proteins,peptides,carbohydrates,and heterogeneous materials     

Effect of dissolved organic matter on mercury release from water body

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in the process of mercury release from water body. In this study, the influence of DOM from different sources (DOMR, DOMS and DOMH, extracted from rice straw, compost and humic soil respectively) on mercury reduction was investigated. The molecular weight distribution and chemical composition of DOM from each source were determined using ultrafiltration membrane technique and elemental analysis respectively. The result showed that mercury release from DOM-added samples was much lower than the control; the lowest mercury release flux was observed in the treatment of DOMH, 25.02% of the control, followed by DOMS and DOMR, 62.46% and 64.95% of the control, respectively. The higher saturation degree and lower molecular weight of DOMH was responsible for the highest inhibition degree on the mercury release. The link between DOMH, concentration and mercury flux was also estimated and the result showed that mercury flux was increased with DOMH at lower concentration, while decreased with DOMH at higher concentration. Different mechanism dominated the influence of DOM on mercury release with variation of DOM concentration.     

Ag/TiO2光电催化降解染料及出水有机质影响机制

本研究以阳极氧化法结合电化学沉积法成功制备的具有高度整齐有序纳米管结构的Ag/TiO₂纳米管阵列（Ag/TNTAs）为阳极,碳/聚四氟乙烯为阴极构建光电催化（PEC）体系.并探究其光电催化降解甲基橙（MO）效能,结果表明,Ag/TNTAs光电催化降解能力（68.2%）远高于光催化（18.9%）、电化学氧化（38.2%）和直接光解;另外在水质净化厂出水有机质（EfOM）参与的光电体系中,当EfOM的初始浓度小于或等于1.0mgC/L时,其对光电催化降解MO起到促进作用,其中当其浓度为0.4mgC/L时促进作用最为明显.而高浓度的EfOM则抑制光电催化活性.此研究表明光电催化体系能高效催化染料降解,且EfOM能在一定阈值范围内促进光电催化降解污染物.     

废水生化处理中有机物的分析和转化

有机物的种类、含量、物化特性、分子量等性质直接影响废水处理工艺的处理效果。本文综述了近年来废水生化处理中有机物的分析方法及废水生化处理过程中有机物的转化规律。     

Changes in different organic matter fractions during conventional treatment and advanced treatment

XAD-8 resin isolation of organic matter in water was used to divide organic matter into the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. A pilot plant was used to investigate the change in both fractions during conventional and advanced treatment processes. The treatment of hydrophobic organics (HPO), rather than hydrophilic organicas (HPI), should carry greater emphasis due to HPO’s higher trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP). The removal of hydrophobic matter and its transmission into hydrophilic matter reduced ultimate DBP yield during the disinfection process. The results showed that sand filtration, ozonation, and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration had distinct influences on the removal of both organic fractions. Additionally, the combination of processes changed the organic fraction proportions present during treatment. The use of ozonation and BAC maximized organic matter removal e ciency, especially for the hydrophobic fraction. In sum, the combination of pre-ozonation, conventional treatment, and O3-BAC removed 48% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 60% of HPO, 30% of HPI, 63% of THMFP, and 85% of HAAFP. The use of conventional treatment and O3-BAC without pre-ozonation had a comparable performance, removing 51% of DOC, 56% of HPO, 45% of HPI, 61% of THMFP, and 72% of HAAFP. The e ectiveness of this analysis method indicated that resin isolation and fractionation should be standardized as an applicable test to help assess water treatment process e ciency.     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter and membrane fouling in coagulation-ultrafiltration process treating micro-polluted surface water

Coagulation–ultrafiltration(C–UF) is widely used for surface water treatment. With the removal of pollutants, the characteristics of organic matter change and affect the final treatment efficiency and the development of membrane fouling. In this study, we built a dynamic C–UF set-up to carry out the treatment of micro-polluted surface water, to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter from different units. The influences of poly aluminum chloride and poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride(PDMDAAC) on removal efficiency and membrane fouling were also investigated. Results showed that the dosage of PDMDAAC evidently increased the UV254 and dissolved organic carbon removal efficiencies,and thereby alleviated membrane fouling in the C–UF process. Most hydrophobic bases(HoB)and hydrophobic neutral fractions could be removed by coagulation. Similarly, UF was good at removing HoB compared to hydrophilic substances(HiS) and hydrophobic acid(HoA)fractions. HiS and HoA fractions with low molecule weight accumulated on the surface of the membrane, causing the increase of transmembrane pressure(TMP). Membrane fouling was mainly caused by a removable cake layer, and mechanical cleaning was an efficient way to decrease the TMP.     

长期不同水分调控对污染场地土壤溶解性有机质含量及其结构特征的影响

为了考察不同水分调控下污染场地中土壤有机质和溶解性有机质（DOM）的演变过程,以2种冶炼厂重金属污染土壤为研究对象,通过恒温恒湿培养实验观察不同水分调控下土壤有机质和DOM的含量变化,并采用紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱分析了土壤DOM的光谱特征.结果表明,水分调控180 d后,2种重金属污染土壤中有机质和DOM含量呈不同程度降低趋势,且随着水分含量增加,其降幅明显增加,最大降幅分别为33.28%和89.35%.水分调控过程中,土壤DOM中类蛋白物质最易发生降解,导致类富里酸和类腐殖酸的占比相应提高;随着水分含量增加,土壤DOM的芳香性提高,腐殖化程度升高,分子聚合度和分子量增大,最终导致DOM稳定性增强,上述结果有助于揭示水分诱导过程中DOM的变化对污染场地中重金属环境行为的影响.     

Characteristics of natural organic matter affect sorption of organic contaminants

Several soil samples were used to study how the characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) affect sorption of organic compounds. These soils contains different amounts and types of NOM. Aromaticity of NOM (percentage of aromatic carbons) was determined from solid-state CPMAS 13C NMR spectra and the soil effective polarity was computed from the equation developed by Xing et al. Naphthalene was used to examine the sorption characteristics of NOM. Both aromaticity and polarity of NOM strongly affected sorption of naphthalene. Old NOM showed higher affinity than that in the surface, young soils. Sorption increased with increasing aromaticity and decreasing polarity. Thus, the sorption coefficients of organic contaminants cannot be accurately predicted without some consideration of NOM characteristics.     

预臭氧化对二级出水微滤过程中膜有机物污染的影响

在二级出水溶解性有机物（secondary effluent organic matter,EfOM）的微滤过程中,多种因素均与膜的有机污染相关,比如总有机物的含量,溶解性有机物的亲疏水性组成等.本文主要研究了在二级出水微滤过程中溶解性有机物的膜污染,以及预臭氧化对二级出水溶解性有机物性质的影响进而对膜有机污染的影响....     

北京水源地水体中颗粒有机质的碳氮同位素研究

对北京潮河、白河和密云水库水体中悬浮颗粒物和表层沉积物的稳定碳、氮同位素及其来源进行了分析.结果表明,研究区内冬季水体中悬浮颗粒物的δ13C值比夏季的偏负,其变化范围分别为-30.75‰～-25.75‰（冬季）和-29.34‰～-25.91‰（夏季）;δ15N值冬季较夏季偏正,其变化范围分别为-0.83‰～9.67‰（...