首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
一株产生低水平量N_2O的好氧反硝化菌   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
在装液量为2.5L发酵罐中对一株高效好氧反硝化菌Delftia tsuruhatensis设计三因素二水平L(423)的正交实验,对其进行N2O控逸最优条件的研究,三个因素分别为碳氮比(COD/N)、溶解氧和pH。结果发现,对该菌株N2O气体影响最大的因素为COD/N,其次为DO和pH值。在最优条件(碳源为柠檬酸三钠、COD/N=15、DO=30%饱和溶解氧、pH=7.5)下,该菌产N2O气体总量为0.20mg,N2O-N产量占TIN去除量的0.04%。  相似文献   

2.
选用4因素3水平正交试验表设计实验,对一株地衣芽孢杆菌进行好氧反硝化-异养硝化性能测定实验,通过测定对硝酸盐氮和总无机氮的去除能力,研究了COD/N、温度、DO(以转速来表征)以及p H 4种不同因素的影响。结果表明,该菌株对NO3--N的最大还原率可达100%,对硝酸盐氮还原率影响因素的主次顺序为COD/NDO温度p H,对应的最优条件为COD/N=14,转速70 r/min,温为30℃,p H为7.0;对总无机氮的最大去除率可达99%以上,影响因素的主次顺序为COD/N温度DOp H,对应最优条件是COD/N=14,转速为70 r/min,温度为30℃,p H为7.5。同时在优化条件下对菌株的异养硝化性能测定,其对氨氮的去除率可达64%,表明该菌株自身可实现同步硝化反硝化。  相似文献   

3.
从不同反应器筛选、鉴别好氧反硝化菌   总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2  
采用2个序批式反应器A和B,以硝态氮为唯一氮源,采用间歇曝气,以驯化、富集耐氧脱氮污泥.反应器A,其pH约为6.3,ρ(DO)为2.2~6.1 mg/L,碳氮比(ρ(C)/ρ(N),ρ(C)以ρ(CODcr)计)约为9;反应器B,其pH约为6.8~7.8,ρ(DO)为2.2~3.0 mg/L,ρ(C)/ρ(N)约为15.2个反应器的ρ(NO30--N)均保持为80 mg/L.当2个反应器的总氮去除率达到60%以上,则认为完成好氧反硝化菌的富集.从2个反应器中共筛选得到20株BTB阳性菌,其中8株菌株的DNA样品经PCR成功扩增,进行16S rRNA测序.测序结果提交GenBank进行Blast同源性检索,并分析比对鉴别,判断8株菌株分属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas),戴尔福特菌(Delftia),草螺菌(Herbaspirillum)和丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas)菌属.反硝化性能测定证实8株菌株均为好氧反硝化菌.  相似文献   

4.
为了解城市污染河流水体有机碳源(COD)及溶解性有机质(DOM)在低氧(ρ(DO)=0.5~0.6 mg/L)条件下对同步硝化反硝化(SND)系统脱氮效率的影响,利用BM-Advance呼吸仪作为反应容器来模拟北运河的水体环境,并通过向水样中投加易生物降解有机碳源(乙醇)、慢速可生物降解有机碳源(淀粉)和北运河水体DOM(腐殖酸和色氨酸)的方式来研究外加碳源和水体DOM(腐殖酸和色氨酸)对水体氮去除及转化的影响。结果表明:外加乙醇时,总氮去除率从49%(C/N为6.5)上升至72%(C/N为16);外加淀粉时,反应时间内总氮去除率从25%(C/N为6.5)上升至59%(C/N为16):在模拟北运河水环境条件下,投加腐殖酸的反应器中总氮去除率为47.75%,腐殖酸可以作为很好的碳源促进SND过程,然而色氨酸则会加剧水体总氮的积累。由此可知,提高C/N可以加速同步硝化反硝化(SND)进程。  相似文献   

5.
张千  吉芳英  徐璇 《环境科学研究》2015,28(7):1138-1144
为预测反硝化生物滤池深度处理城镇污水处理厂二沉池出水的脱氮效果,优化工艺运行参数,以黏土陶粒反硝化生物滤池作为反应器,以人工合成污水模拟污水处理厂二沉池出水,采用中心组合试验设计,利用响应曲面法研究反应器NO3--N去除率与HRT(水力停留时间)、进水中ρ(CODCr)和ρ(NO3--N)之间的关系.统计结果显示,NO3--N去除模型极显著(P0.000 1),并且模型预测值与试验值能很好地吻合.方差分析结果表明,HRT及其与进水中ρ(NO3--N)和ρ(CODCr)的交互作用对反硝化滤池NO3--N的去除率影响不显著(P0.05),而进水中ρ(NO3--N)和ρ(CODCr)及其交互作用对反硝化滤池NO3--N的去除具有显著影响(P0.05).3个因素对NO3--N去除率影响强弱的顺序为进水ρ(CODCr)进水ρ(NO3--N)HRT.在HRT为2.50 h的条件下,当进水中ρ(NO3--N)11.00 mg/L及ρ(CODCr)43.00 mg/L时,反硝化滤池NO3--N的去除率可以达到71.0%以上.  相似文献   

6.
以无机基质培养的厌氧氨氧化污泥为对象,研究污泥投量、DO、BOD5/N和粒径等因素对其反硝化降解NO3--N活性的影响。通过高通量测序技术获得细菌的种群结构状况,其中主要的厌氧氨氧化菌为Candidatus Brocadia fulgida和Candidatus Brocadia caroliniensis。批式实验结果表明:DO是厌氧氨氧化污泥异养反硝化最重要的限制性因素,ρ(DO)=0. 12 mg/L是实现反硝化反应的界限;碳源浓度对厌氧氨氧化污泥异养反硝化的影响较小,碳源充足时,厌氧氨氧化污泥的异养反硝化活性受细菌数量限制,碳源不足时,混合菌群也可以充分利用原水碳源反硝化;从粒径角度分析得出,相对于底物扩散,微量氧对厌氧氨氧化污泥反硝化的限制更大。  相似文献   

7.
利用SBR(序批式反应器)研究了不同ρ(Na Cl)、曝气时间、ρ(CODCr)、进水ρ(NH4+-N)对AGS(好氧颗粒污泥)短程硝化反硝化的影响.结果表明,在p H、温度和ρ(DO)为8.0、30℃和3 mgL条件下,以及ρ(Na Cl)、曝气时间、ρ(CODCr)和ρ(NH4+-N)为20 gL、8 h、600 mgL和70 mgL时,ηA(NH4+-N去除率)和NAR(NO2--N积累率)达到最佳.当进水ρ(Na Cl)为10 gL时,NOB(亚硝酸盐氧化菌)被完全抑制,AOB(氨氧化菌)能够保持正常活性.ρ(CODCr)较高时能够促进NAR的提高.经过116 d的培养,AGS短程硝化反硝化的耐盐极限为50 gL,此时ηA小于50%,AOB被严重抑制,AGS丧失硝化能力.AGS的同步硝化反硝化作用明显,SND(同步硝化反硝化率)平均值为24.2%,SNDV(同步硝化反硝化比速率)平均值为0.63 h-1,低ρ(DO)比高ρ(DO)下的SND同步硝化反硝化作用更为明显.  相似文献   

8.
低氧条件下完全混合系统同时硝化和反硝化的试验研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
张鹏  周琪 《上海环境科学》2003,22(11):755-759
采用人工配水,以泥龄、C/N比、F/M为影响因素,通过正交实验对低氧条件下完全混合系统的同时硝化和反硝化进行了研究。实验结果表明,在DO为0.3-0.8mg/L、pH控制在7.5-8.0、温度为20-28℃时,完全混合系统确实发生了同时硝化和反硝化。获得的最佳运行条件:泥龄为45d.C/N比为10:1,F/M为0.1g(CODCr)/[g(MLSS)·d]。在最佳运行条件下,CODCr和氨氮的去除率分别为88%和100%,总氮TN的去除率达70%。出水CODCr和氨氮的浓度均达标。  相似文献   

9.
SBR系统中同时硝化反硝化生物脱氮研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
张龙  肖文德  李伟  孙璐 《环境工程》2005,23(4):29-32
采用单级SBR系统处理含有机物和氨氮的模拟污水并研究了单级生物脱氮的主要影响参数。实验采用葡萄糖作为碳源、硫酸铵作为氮源,研究了不同的CN和DO对同时硝化反硝化作用的影响。研究结果表明,当进水CODCr、NH3N浓度分别为244~500mgL和45.4~52.2mgL、反应条件为DO=1.0~3.0mgL、CODCrNH3N=5~10时,反应器中CODCr、NH3N的去除率分别达到87.1%~91.0%、75.1%~94.7%。根据试验结果,对同时硝化反硝化过程的一个代表性周期进行了分析。  相似文献   

10.
王兆阳  陈国耀  姜珂  许培雅 《环境科学》2014,35(6):2341-2348
以传统微生物富集分离方法,从垃圾渗滤液活性污泥中筛选到1株高效好氧反硝化菌,通过形态观察、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,对菌株进行了鉴定,同时对其好氧反硝化特性和异养硝化功能进行了研究.结果表明,筛选到的好氧反硝化菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),命名为GL19,GenBank登录号为(KC710974).碳源、C/N、pH及温度对菌株反硝化活性影响较大.在柠檬酸钠为碳源、C/N不低于15、pH 6~10、溶解氧(DO)4.8~7.7 mg·L-1及温度为15~34℃,硝酸盐氮负荷为140 mg·L-1的条件下,硝酸盐去除率均达100%,总氮(TN)平均去除率为96.5%,最终无亚硝酸盐积累;菌株能以亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮为底物进行高效脱氮,20 h内可将140 mg·L-1的亚硝酸盐氮完全去除,28 h内可将280 mg·L-1的氨氮降至3.11 mg·L-1,氨氮去除率达98.9%.显示该菌具有耐冷、高效脱氮特性,可实现同步硝化反硝化,这对南方地区冬季废水处理具有潜在应用价值.  相似文献   

11.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

13.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

14.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

15.
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.  相似文献   

16.
The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.  相似文献   

17.
A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p < 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.  相似文献   

18.
RemovalofheavymetalsfromsewagesludgebylowcostingchemicalmethodandrecyclinginagricultureWuQitang,NyirandegePascasie,MoCehuiF...  相似文献   

19.
Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury (Hg) on urease activity in 4 soils (meadow burozem and phaeozem) was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase (up to 13%-21%) in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship (P〈0.05) between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose (ED50) values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.  相似文献   

20.
A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field > tree land > fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT >1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号