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1.
内分泌扰乱化学物质生物筛选技术研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
内分泌扰乱化学物质是环境科学领域研究的热点之一,已报道的内分泌扰乱化学物质达100种左右,但环境中大量的具有内分泌扰乱作用的化学物质还没有被认定。因此开展内分泌扰乱化学物质的筛选是当前的首要任务。笔者综述了国内外泌扰乱化学物质的活体和离体生物筛选技术最新进展,并展望了国内外内分泌扰乱化学物质生物筛选技术研究的发展趋势。  相似文献   

2.
为揭示辽东湾近海海域环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的生物效应与潜在生态风险,利用组织学方法系统调查辽东湾近海海域野生四角蛤蜊性畸变发生情况,并利用GC-MS/MS分析了组织体内典型酚类污染物包括壬基酚(NP)、辛基酚(Op)和双酚A(BPA)的浓度水平.调查结果表明:5月、6月和8月野生四角蛤蜊雌雄同体发生率分别为30%,20%和14%,软体部组织中NP浓度则分别为410.70,254.95,227.15ng/g dw(干重),BPA浓度分别为7.60,4.30,7.05ng/gdw,但是没有检出OP.研究结果表明环境EDCs已经影响了辽东湾海洋生物繁殖系统、并对区域海洋生态系统造成潜在风险.  相似文献   

3.
松花江流域某自来水厂中内分泌干扰物的调查   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
邵晓玲  马军  文刚 《环境科学》2008,29(10):2723-2728
利用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法调查了松花江流域某自来水厂原水、传统净水工艺各处理单元出水及管网水中的13种内分泌干扰物(EDCs).结果表明,固醇类雌激素物质除管网水中未检出外,其他各水样均有检出,浓度为4-44 ng·L-1;4种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)、双酚A(BPA)及3种烷基酚(APs)在各水样中几乎100%检出,浓度为2~163 760 ng·L-1,其中以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)与邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)为主.研究还发现,尽管有个别EDCs出水浓度高于进水浓度,但混凝沉淀工艺对EDCs的去除在该水厂中占主导作用,平均去除率为63%;砂滤与氯消毒工艺出水不稳定,只能对部分EDCs起到一定程度去除作用.此外,出厂水经管网输送后其中的绝大多数EDCs含量升高,说明进入管网水中的EDCs除水源水污染外,还有一个重要途径就是输水管材中相应污染物的渗析.  相似文献   

4.
为揭示辽东湾近海海域环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的生物效应与潜在生态风险,利用组织学方法系统调查辽东湾近海海域野生四角蛤蜊性畸变发生情况,并利用GC-MS/MS分析了组织体内典型酚类污染物包括壬基酚(NP)、辛基酚(Op)和双酚A(BPA)的浓度水平.调查结果表明:5月、6月和8月野生四角蛤蜊雌雄同体发生率分别为30%,20%和14%,软体部组织中NP浓度则分别为410.70,254.95,227.15ng/g dw(干重), BPA浓度分别为7.60,4.30,7.05ng/gdw,但是没有检出OP.研究结果表明环境EDCs已经影响了辽东湾海洋生物繁殖系统、并对区域海洋生态系统造成潜在风险.  相似文献   

5.
北京市某典型污水处理厂中内分泌干扰物的初步调查   总被引:37,自引:7,他引:37  
杜兵  张彭义  张祖麟  余刚 《环境科学》2004,25(1):114-116
用固相萃取-气相/质谱方法检测分析了某典型污水处理厂各水处理单元中内分泌干扰物质(EDCs)的存在情况,在污水、污泥中共计检出30种内分泌干扰嫌疑物质.结果表明,各种EDCs在水处理过程中的去除率为70%~99%,其中污泥吸附对EDCs的去除起着重要作用.污泥中酚类物质浓度为17~35mg/kg,酞酸酯类物质浓度为25~77mg/kg,多环芳烃类物质为1.33~1.74mg/kg.同国外报道的结果相比,该污水处理厂水处理流程中酚类、酞酸酯类以及多环芳烃类的含量均处于较低的水平.  相似文献   

6.
化学生物絮凝工艺对内分泌干扰物的去除   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用液-液萃取,GC/MS方法测定分析了上海市安亭污水处理厂中化学生物絮凝处理工艺(CBF)中试进水中的内分泌干扰物(EDCs)种类,并且考察了CBF对EDCs的去除效果。在进水中共检测出EDCs8种。CBF工艺对于检测到的EDCs均有一定的去除作用,CBF反应池的不同廊道对于EDCs的去除特征也存在差异。第一廊道对于进水中主要的EDCs均具有明显去除效果,第二廊道中部分EDCs出现解吸,第三廊道对于酚类物质也具有一定水平的去除。  相似文献   

7.
进入21世纪以来,环境内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals, EDCs)逐渐引起全世界的关注. 为系统梳理EDCs领域文章的知识结构与研究脉络,探究EDCs的研究热点与未来趋势,以中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI)与Web of Science (WoS)数据库中关于EDCs的文章为原始数据,分别检索到1 952与11 646篇相关文章,检索截止日期为2021年6月25日. 采用文献计量学方法,使用CiteSpace软件对文献进行可视化分析,分析文章的关键词、来源期刊、学科领域、国家机构和引用文献等,结果表明:①国际上对EDCs的研究已有近30年的历史,大致可分为早期探索(1991—2000年)、深入研究(2001—2011年)和扩展研究(2012—2021年)3个阶段,其研究热度与每年发文量均呈稳定增长趋势. ②EDCs的环境行为与毒理效应机制是国内外研究的焦点,尤其是双酚A类似物和苯甲酸酯类物质. ③美国和中国发表的EDCs相关文章较多,发文量分别为2 483和1 822篇. 关注EDCs研究的国家以欧美地区的发达国家为主;中国科学院大学与美国环境保护局为发表相关文章较多的机构,发文量分别为319和222篇. ④Environmental Health Perspectives是发文量最多的期刊,“环境科学”与“毒理学”是发文量最多的学科领域. 研究显示,国内外在EDCs领域的研究脉络大致相同,主要集中在双酚A、壬基酚等EDCs的毒性效应、机制以及环境检测领域,未来还应加强EDCs复合暴露及毒性修复的研究.   相似文献   

8.
海洋环境中内分泌扰乱化学物质(即“内分泌干扰物”,EDCs)主要来源于陆源污染和海上排污。它们包含多种类型,其作用机理复杂,表现出拟天然激素或抗天然激素的作用。笔者着重介绍了EDCs对软体动物、甲壳动物、棘皮动物以及多毛类环节动物等几类海洋无脊椎动物在形态结构、生理、生殖以及生长发育等方面的影响及研究进展,揭示了其危害的严重性以及在该领域中所存在的巨大的研究空间,同时还探讨了海洋环境中EDCs研究的发展趋势。  相似文献   

9.
成果介绍     
成果介绍空气中氟氯烃分析方法氟氯烃是破坏大气臭氧层的主要化学物质,也是《蒙特利尔议定书》限定的主要物质。氟氯烃在空气中的浓度很低,而且几种主要的氟氯烃性质相似,分离困难,同时测定几种氟氯烃难度甚大。该项目研究采用了ParapakQ为吸附剂,并以自制的...  相似文献   

10.
胡波  王晓 《环境科技》2007,20(Z2):36-38
各种物理的、化学的和生物的方法不断被应用于废水处理中.由于焦化废水中有机污染物和氨氮类化合物的浓度比较高,生物方法更具研究价值.目前研究人员将通过筛选、培养而或基因组合技术得到的优势高效菌种应用于生物脱氮技术、曝气生物滤池以及固定微生物技术,在显著提高了水的处理效果的同时,获得了更好的经济和社会效益.  相似文献   

11.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

12.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

13.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

15.
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.  相似文献   

16.
Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.  相似文献   

17.
Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene (PS) bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as "purge and trap" and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.  相似文献   

18.
Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury (HgT), combinative mercury (Hgc) and gaseous mercury (HgG), and content of total organic carbon (TOC), but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of (HgG,/HgT)1992〉(HgG/HgT)1996〉〉(HgG/HgT)2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn: with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants (e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum) are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.  相似文献   

19.
Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.  相似文献   

20.
UNITANK is a biological wastewater treatment process that combines the advantages of traditional activated sludge process and sequencing batch reactor, which is divided into Tank A, B and C. In this study, the sludge distribution and its impact on performance of UNITANK were carried out in Liede Wastewater Plant (WWTP) of Guangzhou, China. Results showed that there was a strong affiliation between Tank A and B of the system in sludge concentration distribution. The initial sludge concentration in Tank A could present the sludge distribution of the whole system. The sludge distribution was mainly influenced by hydraulic condition. Unsteady sludge distribution had an impact on variations of substrates in reactors, especially in decisive reactor, and this could lead to failure of system. Settler could partially remove substrates such as COD and NO3-N, but there was adventure of sludge deterioration. The rational initial sludge concentration in Tank A should be 4000-6000 mg/L MLSS.  相似文献   

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