基于量纲理论的煤层瓦斯压力计算模型的研究

煤层瓦斯压力是矿井瓦斯基本参数之一,它反映了煤层中瓦斯的赋存状态,是判断煤层突出危险性的重要指标,同时也是采取抽放措施的重要参考依据,因此准确地获取煤层瓦斯压力是非常重要的.本文基于瓦斯地质理论,以影响煤层瓦斯压力的地质构造因素为出发点,应用量纲分析方法,建立了煤层瓦斯压力的数学计算模型,并通过实例计算了某矿井煤层的瓦斯压力,从而验证了该计算模型能够较准确地反映实测结果.     

基于Keras长短时记忆网络的矿井瓦斯浓度预测研究

瓦斯浓度监测是煤矿瓦斯灾害事故预警的重要的手段,其浓度变化预测对于提升矿山安全生产具有重要意义。针对矿井瓦斯浓度预测问题,建立了一种基于Keras长短时记忆网络的矿井瓦斯浓度预测模型。该模型首先对矿井瓦斯浓度时间序列进行标准化处理,并将处理后的时间序列划分为训练集与测试集;然后通过调用测试集数据进行模型训练,利用提出的基于LSTM网络建立的矿井瓦斯浓度多步预测模型,实现了对矿井瓦斯浓度发展趋势的预测,并利用损失函数计算预测误差大小,评估模型的预测精度;最后以贵州某煤矿掘进工作面为工程背景,利用基于LSTM网络建立的矿井瓦斯浓度多步预测模型,开展了矿井瓦斯浓度预测研究,并通过与ARMA模型、ARIMA模型的预测结果进行对比,验证该模型的预测效果。结果表明:该模型预测结果的均方根误差RMSE值最小仅为2%,且预测步长约为ARMA模型、ARIMA模型的5倍,说明该模型的预测效果好,可为煤矿井下合理规避瓦斯灾害事故提供科学依据。     

基于无量纲数的PCA-MRA在煤矿瓦斯涌出量预测中的应用

为解决煤矿瓦斯涌出量预测过程中存在的指标繁杂致使预测精度低的问题,首先运用R语言中的主成分分析法(PCA)对煤矿瓦斯涌出量的影响因素进行降维分析;然后引入量纲分析理论,采用无量纲化处理方法消除量纲对数据的影响;最后利用多元回归分析法(MRA)结合多种多元回归模型,最终选用多元线性回归预测模型对煤矿瓦斯涌出量进行预测,并选取部分数据对所建立的煤矿瓦斯涌出量预测模型进行验证。结果表明:主成分分析法能有效减少预测变量的个数,经主成分旋转后构建的多元回归预测模型的预测精度较高,其相对误差平均值为1.99%;主成分分析与多元线性回归分析相结合的方法适用于煤矿瓦斯涌出量的预测,且满足工程需要,可为井下瓦斯涌出量预测技术的选择提供参考。     

基于分源预测法对白龙山煤矿一井矿井瓦斯涌出量的研究

矿井瓦斯涌出量预测为矿井、采区和工作面通风提供瓦斯涌出方面的基础数据,其预测精度直接决定着矿井的安全生产。在白龙山煤矿一井井田地勘瓦斯资料和地质资料分析的基础上,根据矿井开拓方式、煤层赋存及煤质、煤层瓦斯含量分布规律等条件,运用分源预测法对该矿瓦斯涌出量进行预测,综合分析得出白龙山煤矿一井为高瓦斯矿井。研究结论为白龙山煤矿一井的矿井初步设计、瓦斯抽采设计和瓦斯综合利用提供依据和基础。     

白龙山煤矿一井煤层瓦斯参数测定及赋存规律研究

为了在突出矿井白龙山煤矿一井中有效、可靠地进行瓦斯综合防治工作,需要准确掌握煤层的瓦斯基础参数。通过现场实测得到C8+1煤层的瓦斯压力、瓦斯含量、煤层透气性系数和钻孔瓦斯衰减系数等参数,实验室测试得到煤的孔隙率、瓦斯吸附常数、工业分析指标、煤的坚固性系数和瓦斯放散初速度等指标,综合评价认为白龙山煤矿一井C8+1煤层属于较难抽放煤层。研究结果为白龙山煤矿一井C8+1煤层的瓦斯抽采设计、防突措施制定和瓦斯综合利用提供依据和基础。     

深海压力–流速耦合环境下基于灰色系统理论的有机涂层寿命预测研究

目的 建立深海压力–流速耦合环境下有机涂层的寿命预测模型,并预测有机涂层在该环境下的服役寿命。方法 首先针对涂层的湿态附着力变化结果,基于灰色系统理论,建立湿态附着力的GM(1,1)模型。随后再基于耦合环境下的试验结果,建立涂层水传输的扩散模型。最后,在此基础上,利用灰色关联分析方法,计算这2种失效影响因素在涂层失效过程中所占的权重因子,并基于这2个影响因素建立涂层失效的数学模型。结果 经过数学统计验证和试验结果对比验证,该模型精度良好,可靠性高。结论 该模型能够对深海压力–流速耦合环境下有机涂层的寿命进行准确预测。     

基于BP人工神经网络的矿井瓦斯涌出量预测

应用BP人工神经网络模型和算法，建立了煤层群开采矿井瓦斯涌出量预测模型。实际应用表明，模型精度能满足要求，并对隐含层神经元数目对步长影响作了讨论。     

战场电磁兼容预测中的接收机建模研究

目的建立战场电磁兼容预测分析的接收机数学模型,包括接收机频率选择性模型、敏感度门限模型、互调模型及与接收机有关的修正系数计算模型等。方法在分析接收机干扰类型的基础上,建立上述数学模型,并探讨模型中的参数获取方法。结果给出了频率选择性模型分段折线斜率常数的获取方法,并对相关的互调系数、保护比等重要参数的实验测量方法进行了分析。结论建模结果可支持战场电磁接收装备仿真,为战场电磁兼容预测分析奠定基础。     

碟形封头冷旋压成形时的数值分析及旋压力计算

建立了碟形封头冷旋压的三维有限元数学模型 ,分析了封头在冷旋压成形过程中应力应变的分布规律 ,计算了旋压力并分析了其变化的原因 ,为更有效地进行旋压加工前的科学预测、工艺优化和进一步定量控制提供了可靠方法和依据     

煤层瓦斯压力探测新技术在寺河煤矿瓦斯防治中的应用

寺河矿属于高瓦斯矿井,是煤层气综合开发的主要矿井之一,其煤层气开发主要分两部分,即地面煤层气井抽采与井下煤层钻孔抽采.抽采环节中对煤矿瓦斯的防治是煤矿安全生产的重要前提.本文探讨了煤层瓦斯压力探测新技术--煤层瓦斯原位探测仪在该煤矿瓦斯防治中的具体运用,该探测技术可以高效地检验瓦斯抽放效果,从而为预防瓦斯突出提供科学依...     

调兵山市利用煤层气资源优化能源消费结构的环境效益分析

调兵山市拥有丰富的煤层气资源,但未能全部开发利用。在该市的能源消费结构中,煤炭等传统能源仍占有较大比例,燃煤烟气是该市大气环境质量的主要影响因素之一。本文简要阐述煤层气采输工艺及调兵山市煤层气需求量,从正、负环境影响两个方面进行分析,对比得出利用煤层气资源优化能源消费结构所带来的环境效益。     

Sequentially coupled flow-geomechanical modeling of underground coal gasification for a three-dimensional problem

Underground coal gasification (UCG) has been identified as an environmentally friendly technique for gasification of deep un-mineable coal seams in situ. This technology has the potential to be a clean and promising energy provider from coal seams with minimal greenhouse gas emission. The UCG eliminates the presence of coal miners underground hence, it is believed to be a much safer technique compared to the deep coal mining method. The UCG includes drilling injection and production wells into the coal seam, igniting coal, and injecting oxygen-based mix to facilitate coal gasification. Produced syngas is extracted from the production well. Evolution of a cavity created from the gasification process along with high temperature as well as change in pore fluid pressure causes mechanical changes to the coal and surrounding formations. Therefore, simulation of the gasification process alone is not sufficient to represent this complex thermal-hydro-chemical–mechanical process. Instead, a coupled flow and geomechanical modeling can help better represent the process by allowing simultaneous observation of the syngas production, advancement of the gasification chamber, and the cavity growth. Adaptation of such a coupled simulation would aid in optimization of the UCG process while helping controlling and mitigating the environmental risks caused by geomechanical failure and syngas loss to the groundwater. This paper presents results of a sequentially coupled flow-geomechanical simulation of a three-dimensional (3D) UCG example using the numerical methodology devised in this study. The 3D model includes caprock on top, coal seam in the middle, and another layer of rock underneath. Gasification modeling was conducted in the Computer Modelling Group Ltd. (CMG)’s Steam, Thermal, and Advanced processes Reservoir Simulator (STARS). Temperature and fluid pressure of each grid block as well as the cavity geometry, at the timestep level, were passed from the STARS to the geomechanical simulator i.e. the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions (FLAC3D) computer program (from the Itasca Consulting Group Inc.). Key features of the UCG process which were investigated herein include syngas flow rate, cavity growth, temperature and pressure profiles, porosity and permeability changes, and stress and deformation in coal and rock layers. It was observed that the coal matrix deformed towards the cavity, displacement and additional stress happened, and some blocks in the coal and rock layers mechanically failed.     

煤层对CO_2处置能力评价的修正方法与应用

煤等温吸附气体实验中的煤体变形效应会造成CO2在煤层中吸附量评价结果的偏差,通过对气体吸附模拟方法进行修正,应用修正的Langmuir和Dubinin-Astakhov模型对CO2、CH4吸附实验结果进行重新拟合,获得准确的吸附量计算方法。结果表明,吸附实验中煤主要表现为膨胀变形,且煤吸附CO2的膨胀量高于吸附CH4的膨胀量,煤膨胀造成CO2实测过剩吸附量较真实过剩吸附量偏低4.4%~43.8%,修正后CO2吸附拟合效果大大提高,Langmuir和D-A模型拟合曲线与实测数据吻合的相关系数分别从0.978、0.995提高到修正后的0.997、0.999,D-A模型对CO2吸附数据的拟合效果优于Lang-muir模型,CH4吸附模拟效果的改善程度不及CO2。     

浅埋矿区煤炭开采对地表生态环境的影响研究

在分析大量文献资料的基础上,从地表塌陷、土壤破坏、水体污染等方面综述了浅埋矿区煤炭开采对地表生态环境影响的研究现状.并指出当前研究中存在的问题,包括煤炭开采对生态环境的影响主要集中某一方面的环境问题,以及缺乏对生态环境有效的预测方法等.针对上述问题,结合浅埋煤矿区生态环境特征,构建了相对完整的生态环境评价指标体系,筛选出基于灰色系统模型的预测方法,进而为下一步建立预测模型和预警系统奠定基础.     

电厂烟气注入采空区封存的可行性

为了考察将电厂烟气注入采空区实现防火与气体封存的可行性,采用自制的煤大样量吸附装置测定了常温、常压条件下塔山烟煤对各种烟气成分的饱和吸附量,并对烟煤在空气和烟气氛围下对氧气的吸附行为进行了研究. 结果表明:将电厂烟气注入井下采空区,每t煤可封存约1.20 m3的CO₂,烟气中SO₂和NO₂可全部被烟煤封存;在物理吸附阶段,烟煤对CO₂的吸附量分别为对N₂吸附量的13倍,对O₂吸附量的41倍;在常温、常压条件下,烟煤对N₂和CO₂的吸附为物理吸附,12 h已基本达到饱和状态,但烟煤对O₂的吸附随着时间的增加逐渐由物理吸附转变为化学吸附,因此在较长时间内未能达到平衡状态. 通过不同气体氛围下烟煤吸附氧气量的数据分析发现,将电厂烟气注入到采空区,因烟煤对氧气的吸附量降低了29%,可有效抑制其自燃反应的进行. 研究显示,电厂烟气注入采空区可实现节能减排和灾害治理的统一.      

炭系导电填料对瓦斯封堵材料性能影响研究

针对目前煤矿中频频发生的透水事故与静电引发瓦斯灾害的现状,文章以聚合物水泥、阻燃剂以及导电填料制备出一种适用于煤矿井下能够防止煤壁渗水和封堵瓦斯气体的材料,具有防水、防火、抗静电的特点。系统考查了导电云母粉、石墨、炭黑等多种导电填料及其不同配比的混合填料对涂层干燥时间、表面电阻和吸水率等性能的影响,试验结果表明,添加导电云母粉涂层的电阻值变化不大,无法达到国家煤安标准MT 113-1995的抗静电要求,不适合作为导电填料;添加石墨粉的涂层在质量分数为16%左右时电阻值方可达到106¹08Ω;添加炭黑的涂层粘度较大,且质量分数在5%时可达到要求。当石墨粉与炭黑单独添加时,随着导电填料的增加,材料的吸水率逐渐升高,防水性能逐渐下降;从涂膜的抗静电性能和防水性能两方面考虑,最佳的导电填料为石墨与炭黑的混合填料,且最佳的混合比为炭黑:石墨=2:3。     

Cost comparison of syngas production from natural gas conversion and underground coal gasification

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a promising technology to reduce the cost of producing syngas from coal. Coal is gasified in place, which may make it safer, cleaner and less expensive than using a surface gasifier. UCG provides an efficient approach to mitigate the tension between supplying energy and ensuring sustainable development. However, the coal gasification industry presently is facing competition from the low price of natural gas. The technology needs to be reviewed to assess its competiveness. In this paper, the production cost of syngas from an imaginary commercial-scale UCG plant was broken down and calculated. The produced syngas was assumed to be used as feedstock in liquid fuel production through the Fischer-Tropsch process or methanol synthesis. The syngas had a hydrogen (H₂) to carbon monoxide (CO) ratio of 2. On this basis, its cost was compared with the cost of syngas produced from natural gas. The results indicated that the production cost of syngas from natural gas is mainly determined by the price of natural gas, and varied from $24.46 per thousand cubic meters (TCM) to $90.09/TCM, depending on the assumed price range of natural gas. The cost of producing UCG syngas is affected by the coal seam depth and thickness. Using the Harmon lignite bed in North Dakota, USA, as an example, the cost of producing syngas through UCG was between $37.27/TCM and $39.80/TCM. Therefore, the cost of UCG syngas was within the cost range of syngas produced by natural gas conversion. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate how the cost varies with coal depth and thickness. It was found that by utilizing thicker coal seams, syngas production per cavity can be increased, and the number of new wells drilled per year can be reduced, therefore improving the economics of UCG. Results of this study indicate the competitiveness of UCG regarding to natural gas conversion technologies, and can be used to guide UCG site selection and to optimize the operation strategy.     

Reaction rate constants in simulation of underground coal gasification using porous medium approach

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an emerging energy technology for a cleaner type of coal extraction method. It avoids current coal mining challenges such as drastic changes to landscapes, high machinery costs, elevated risks to personnel, and post-extraction transport. UCG has a huge potential to provide a clean coal energy source by implementing carbon capture and storage techniques as part of the process. In order to support mitigation strategies for clean coal production and policy development, much research needs to be completed. One component of this information is the need to understand what happens when the coal burns and a subsurface cavity is formed. This paper looks at the efforts to enhance reliable prediction of the size and shape of the cavities. Reactions are one of the most important mechanisms that control the rate of the growth of the cavities. Therefore, modeling the reactions and precise prediction of reaction kinetics can influence the accuracy of a UCG process. The produced syngas composition during UCG is closely linked to the reactions that take place in this process, the permeability of the coal seam, and the temperature distribution. Since the combination of reactions can influence the distributions of the heat and gas components in the coal seam during UCG or even extinguish the combustion, accurate modeling of the reactions is crucial, particularly when all phenomena affecting the reaction rate are considered in a single set of kinetics. In this study, procedures are proposed to estimate the frequency factor and activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction using a single-step decomposition method, the kinetics of the endothermic direction of homogeneous reversible reactions, and the frequency factor of heterogeneous reactions from experiments or literature data. The estimated kinetics is more appropriate for simulation of the UCG process using the porous medium approach. Computer Modelling Group’s CMG-STARS (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator) software is used in this study.     

基于人工神经网络的工作面煤与瓦斯突出预测方法

在全面分析了煤与瓦斯突出影响因素的基础上，提出了煤与瓦斯突出预测的人工神经网络模型，介绍了突出特征指标的选取及表示方法与推理过程，实例分析表明，模型精度很高，可用于工作面煤与瓦斯突出预测。     

提高煤层气采收率的CO2埋存技术

作为常规油气重要接替补充的非常规天然气,煤层气越来越受到世人的关注.如何提高煤层气采收率是摆在煤层气开发工程师面前迫切需要解决的技术难题.通过向煤层中注入CO2,既可以提高煤层气采收率又能间接地实现CO2减排,即提高煤层气采收率的CO2埋存技术(CO2-ECBM).该项技术已在世界各地迅速发展,并取得一些实质性进展.文...