Characteristics of the natural organic matter sorption affects of organic contaminants

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｃｅｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｈａｓｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｄｔｈａｔｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｏｂｉｃｏｒｇａｎｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓ(ＨＯＣ)ｉｎｓｏｉｌｓａｎｄｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓｉｓｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｂｙｏｒｇａｎｉｃｍａｔｔｅｒｕｎｌｅｓｓｉｔｓｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｉｓｖｅｒｙｌｏｗ(Ｃｈｉｏｕ ,1 989) .Ｔｈｉｓｉｓｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙｔｒｕｅｉｎｗａｔｅｒ ｓｏｉｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｗａｔｅｒｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓａｒｅｐｒｅｆｅｒａｂｌｙａｄｓｏｒｂｅｄ…     

Conversion of organic carbon in the decomposable organic wastes in anaerobic lysimeters under different temperatures

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓａｂｌｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｗａｓｔｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓｆｏｏｄｏｒｉｇｉｎｗａｓｔｅｓａｎｄｂａｃｋｙａｒｄｗａｓｔｅｓ ,ｉｎｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｓｏｌｉｄｗａｓｔｅｓｉｎＳｈａｎｇｈａｉ,Ｃｈｉｎａ,ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｒａｐｉｄｌｙ ,ａｓｔｈｅｌｉｖｉｎｇｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｏｆｉｎｈａｂｉｔａｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙａｒｅｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｙｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｎｇｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ .Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ ,ａｒｏｕｎｄ 1…     

A test method for determining biodegradabilityof organic substances

ＡｔｅｓｔｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇｂｉｏｄｅｇｒａｄａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓＭａｉＷｅｎｎｉｎｇ；ＪｉａｎｇＺｈａｎｐｅｎｇ；ＧｕＸｉａｓｈｅｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＥｎｇｉ...     

Free radical oxidation of spent radioactive organic solvent

ＦｒｅｒａｄｉｃａｌｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｐｅｎｔｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｓｏｌｖｅｎｔＪｉＸｉａｏｙｕａｎ，ＺｈａｏＢｉｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＥｎｅｒｇｙＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＴｓｉｎｇｈｕａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅ...     

Analysis of organic compounds in coal gasification wastewater

A procedure for analysis of organic pollutants in coal gasification wastewater was developed, including a series extraction steps at different pH, followed by LC separation or resin adsorption, then analyzed by GC or GC/MS. More than 200 organic pollutants in 22 categories were determined. CH2CL2 extraction at NaHCO3 presence was used to separate carboxylic acids with phenolic compounds in aqueous. Derivatization with acetic anhydride was used for analyses of mono-, di-, poly-hydroxyl phenolic compounds. 21 mono-hydroxyl phenols and 13 di-hydroxyl phenols were determined from the coai gasification wastewater samples. Derivatization with BF3-CH3OH was used for analysis of carboxylic acid. 17 mono-carboxyl, 4 di-carboxyl acids and 6 aromatic acids were determined from coal gasification wastewater samples.     

Phytoremediation and its models for organic contaminated soils

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｏｉｌｓａｒｅａｓｉｎｋｆｏｒｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｏｆｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｆｏｒｈｕｍａｎａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｈｅａｌｔｈａｎｄｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙ .Ｓｏｍｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓａｒｒｉｖｉｎｇｉｎｓｏｉｌｓｃａｎｂｅｒａｐｉｄｌｙｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄ ,ｗｈｉｌｓｔｇｒｅａｔａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｓｕｃｈａｓｐｅｒｓｉｓｔｅｎｔｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ (ＰＯＰｓ)ｍａｙｐｅｒｓｉｓｔｉｎｓｏ…     

Contribution of organic matter to metolachlor adsorption on some soils

ＣｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｍａｔｔｅｒｔｏｍｅｔｏｌａｃｈｌｏｒａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｏｎｓｏｍｅｓｏｉｌｓＬｉｕＷｅｉｐｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ，ＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ；Ｈａｎｇｚｈｏｕ３１００...     

LPWCO method for the treatment of high concentrated organic wastewater

Based on wet air oxidation (WAO) and Fenton reagent, thispaper raises a new low pressure wet catalytic oxidation(LPWCO)which requires low pressure for the treatment of highlyconcentrated and refractory organic wastewater. Compared withgeneral wet air oxidation, the pressure of the treatment(0.1-0.6MPa) is only one of tens to percentage of latter(3.5-10MPa). Inaddition, its temperature is no more than 180℃.Compared withFenton reagent, while H2O2/COD(weight ratio) less than 1.2, theremoval of COD in the treatment is over twenty percents more thanFenton's even the value of COD is more than 14000mg/L. In thispaper, we study the effect factor of COD removal and the mechanismof this treatment. The existence of synergistic effect (catalytic oxidation and carbonization) for COD removal in H2SO4-Fenton reagent system under the condition of applied pressure and heating (0.1-0.6MPa, 104-165℃) was verified. The best condition of this disposal are as follows:H2O2/COD(weight ratio)=0.2-1.0, Fe2+ 0.6×10-3 mol, H2SO4 0.5mol, COD>1×104mg/L, the operating pressure is 0.1-0.6MPa and temperature is 104-165℃. This method suit to dispose the high-concentrated refractory wastewater, especially to the wastewater containing H2SO produced in the manufacture of pesticide, dyestuff and petrochemical works.     

Modeling of organic pollutant destruction in a stirred-tank reactor by ozonation

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＢｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｏｆｏｚｏｎｅ(Ｏ3) ,ｏｚｏｎａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓａｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｄｒｉｎｋｉｎｇａｎｄｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ.ＡｗｉｄｅｒａｎｇｅｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎｗａｔｅｒｃａｎｂｅｄｅｇｒａｄｅｄｂｙＯ3,Ｏ3ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈＨ2 Ｏ2 ｏｒＵＶｌｉｇｈｔ,ｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｋｎｏｗｎａｓＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＯｘｉｄａｔｉ…     

The use of yellow phosphorus to destroy toxic organic compounds

ＴｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｙｅｌｌｏｗｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｔｏｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｔｏｘｉｃｏｒｇａｎｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓＳｈｉｈ－ＧｅｒＣｈａｎｇ（ＥｎｅｒｇｙａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＤｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ，ＬａｗｒｅｎｃｅＢｅｒｋｅｌｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ．Ｕ...     

Fouling of nanofiltration membrane by e uent organic matter: Characterization using di erent organic fractions in wastewater

The UF membrane with molecular weight cuto (MWCO) ranging from 2 to 100 kDa and XAD-8 resin were employed to identify the characteristic of molecular weight (MW) distribution of wastewater e uent organic matter (EfOM) in terms of TOC and UV254, as well as the amounts of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic fractions in di erent MW ranges. Then, the nanofiltration (NF) membrane fouling experiments were carried out using the above fractionated water to investigate the e ect of MW distribution and hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics of EfOM on the membrane flux decline using the fractionated water samples. The experimental results have shown that 45.61% of the total organics belongs to the low MW one, among which the percentage of the hydrophilic organics with low MW (less than 2 kDa) was up to 28.07%, while that of the hydrophobic organics was 17.54%. In particular, the hydrophilic fraction was found to be the most abundant fraction in the e uents. MW distribution has a significant e ect on the membrane fouling. When the MWwas less than 30 kDa, the lower the MW, the larger was the specific flux decline, while in the case of MW higher than 30 kDa, the higher the MW, the larger was the specific flux decline, and the decline degree of low MW organics was larger than the high MW one. With the same MW distribution range, specific flux decline of the hydrophilic organic was considerably slower than that of the hydrophobic organic, which indicated that the hydrophobic organic fractions dominantly contribute to the flux decline.     

厌氧膜生物反应器中亲疏水性有机物的膜污染特征

采用树脂吸附脱附的方法对厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBR）中溶解性微生物代谢产物（SMP）的6种亲疏水性有机物进行了分离,其中,亲水中性物质是SMP的主要成分,占总有机物的74.84%.多糖、蛋白质和腐殖质类物质在亲疏水性有机物中均有分布.采用恒压死端过滤的方式对比分析了6种亲疏水性有机物的微滤特性,发现在TOC浓度相同的条件下,亲水性碱（HIB）是造成膜通量下降最快的物质,其次是亲水中性物（HIN）和疏水性酸（HOA）,膜通量下降速率与有机物平均粒径呈指数相关关系（R²=0.9965）.采用过滤模型对微滤过程进行拟合,HOA、HIN和HIB的过滤过程分别符合标准堵塞模型、中间过滤模型和滤饼过滤模型的特征,与其粒径分布特征相对应.试验进一步对比了亲疏水性有机物污染层的可逆性,结果表明HIN造成的膜污染不易通过物理反冲洗得到恢复.     

Effects of ozonation and coagulation on effluent organic matter characteristics and ultrafiltration membrane fouling

Effluent organic matter （EfOM） is the major cause of fouling in the low pressure membranes process for wastewater reuse. Coagulation and oxidation of biological wastewater treatment effluent have been applied for the fouling control of microfiltration membranes. However, the change in EfOM structure by pre-treatments has not been clearly identified. The changes of EfOM characteristics induced by coagulation and ozonation were investigated through size exclusion chromatography, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry and titrimetric analysis to identify the mechanisms in the reduction of ultrafiltration （UF） membrane fouling. The results indicated that reduction of flux decline by coagulation was due to modified characteristics of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） content. Total concentration of DOC was not reduced by ozonation. However, the mass fraction of the molecules with molecular weight larger than 5 kDa, fluorescence intensity, aromaticity, highly condensed chromophores, average molecular weight and soluble microbial byproducts decreased greatly after ozonation. These results indicated that EfOM was partially oxidized by ozonation to low molecular weight, highly charged compounds with abundant electron- withdrawing functional groups, which are favourable for alleviating UF membrane flux decline.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

氯对饮用水中可同化有机碳的影响

通过分析太湖水的分子量分布变化以及亲疏组分,考察氯反应生成AOC的效果和机理.结果表明,弱疏组分的AOC生成量最大,其次为强疏,中亲和带负电亲水的生成量最少.氯主要与小分子的疏水性有机物反应,AOC的生成量最多.通过考察深度处理工艺的有机物分子量以及组分的变化,发现疏水性有机物呈逐渐下降而亲水性组分呈上升的趋势,表明氯化产生的AOC呈减少趋势.小分子的疏水性有机物是主要的氯化AOC的前体物.     

原水中有机物特性对纳滤膜污染的影响

通过XDLVO理论分析了赣江原水中亲疏水性有机污染物对纳滤(NF)膜的污染状况,对选取的不同分子量区间(<100 kDa、<50 kDa、<3 kDa)的6种亲、疏水性有机物及NF膜的界面自由能进行定量分析,分析了膜污染性能,并通过纳滤试验验证通量衰减与界面自由能的对应关系。结果表明：6种不同分子量的亲/疏水性有机污染物对膜造成污染严重程度与XDLVO理论分析结果相符。不同分子量的有机污染物对NF膜污染程度由大到小顺序为小于100 kDa(疏水性)>小于50 kDa(疏水性)>小于3 kDa(疏水性)>小于3 kDa(亲水性)>小于50 kDa(亲水性)>小于100 kDa(亲水性)。分子量<100 kDa的疏水性有机物与膜之间排斥作用最小,污染最为严重。膜表面的污染物主要是多糖、蛋白质和苯环烯烃类,且在过滤初期有机物堵塞膜孔,膜比通量下降速度较快,而在过滤后期滤饼层形成,膜比通量下降速度减缓。     

有机物对UF膜过滤通量的影响

采用截留分子量为30000的聚醚砜超滤膜进行膜过滤试验,研究有机物的特性,如亲疏水性以及相对分子质量对超滤膜通量的影响.试验结果表明,过滤亲水性组分时膜通量明显高于过滤疏水性组分.对2种不同水源的试验表明,尽管有机物含量相同,但由于亲疏水性的比例不同,造成的膜通量下降不同.疏水性越大的原水,其膜通量下降也越大.因此,疏水性组分是造成通量下降的主要因素.试验还表明,相对分子质量较大的有机物并非通量下降的主要因素,有机物的分散性可能是影响通量的主要因素.     

藻类有机物对纳滤膜去除萘普生效果影响研究

研究了2种藻类(鱼腥藻/小环藻)有机物(AOM)对纳滤膜去除萘普生(NPX)的影响效果.结果表明,在藻类AOM存在的情况下HL纳滤膜对NPX的去除率由63%增加至64.7%(小环藻)和72.7%(鱼腥藻);但同时造成了严重的膜污染,比通量由99.7%下降至89.6%(小环藻)和86.3%(鱼腥藻).研究发现,藻类AOM的中等分子量(1.5~5kDa)发挥了重要的作用,它们主要由疏水性有机物构成,紧密地黏附在膜表面形成滤饼层,使膜表面的疏水性增强.滤饼层的疏水性造成膜通量衰减并提高NPX去除率.研究还表明,鱼腥藻AOM在中等分子的疏水性明显比小环藻的强,造成的膜污染更严重以及更高的NPX去除效果.     

预臭氧化对二级出水微滤过程中膜有机物污染的影响

在二级出水溶解性有机物（secondary effluent organic matter,EfOM）的微滤过程中,多种因素均与膜的有机污染相关,比如总有机物的含量,溶解性有机物的亲疏水性组成等.本文主要研究了在二级出水微滤过程中溶解性有机物的膜污染,以及预臭氧化对二级出水溶解性有机物性质的影响进而对膜有机污染的影响....     

不同相对分子质量的有机物对膜通量的影响

采用截留分子量分别为10、30kDa的聚醚砜膜和100kDa的聚偏氟乙烯膜对原水进行分级处理,并采用截留分子量分别为150kDa的聚偏氟乙烯膜和0.1μm的醋酸纤维素膜对出水进行膜过滤试验,研究不同相对分子质量的有机物对膜通量的影响.结果表明,虽然相对分子质量>30kDa的大分子有机物仅为总有机物的15%,但它分别引起微滤膜的通量下降86%和超滤膜通量下降54%.混凝处理可以去除相对分子质量>100kDa的有机物,这部分有机物导致通量下降40%以上.因此,尽管混凝处理仅去除10%的有机物,但改善通量的效果显著.粉末活性炭可以去除相对分子量<30kDa的小分子有机物,这部分有机物对通量下降的贡献程度甚低.因此,尽管粉末活性炭去除76%的有机物,但改善通量的效果甚微.预处理改善通量的效果并不取决于去除有机物的多少,而是取决于所去除的有机物对通量的影响大小.