环境规划与环境管理

在实际环境规划中,很少考虑到非线性特征对环境投人的效益影响。以国内外目前主要3类水环境规划为例,研究了环境投人与环境改善之间的关系,对每一类环境规划,环境改善均随投人X32 XI%2加102653环境规划中的非线性特征/曾光明(湖南大学环保研究所)…//中国环境科学/中国环境科学学会.一2的l,21(2)一168一172环图X一58的增加而迅速减少。由于传统的环境管理或规划在选择下一种措施之前总是将大部分费用投人到前一种措施中,因此传统的环境管理或规划忽略了环境系统有关的非线性特征。应将有关费用投一16一人以保证下一步措施获得最大的环境改…     

环境规划、计划和目标责任制系统管理的探讨和实践

为使环境规划和计划真正得到落实,必须实行环境规划、计划和目标责任制的配套管理,这是切实可行的途径。环境规划是执行环境决策并带有指令性的总体方案;环保计划是在较短期间内实施环境规划的具体安排;环保目标责任制是以行政保证为基础的一种环境目标管理,也是为实现环境规划目标和计划指标的一种制度。     

中国环境规划发展趋势及存在问题探析

环境规划工作对中国国民经济的健康发展起着重大作用,通过环境规划来协调人与资源、环境之间关系的方式日益受到人们的重视并得到迅速发展.中国环境规划的发展趋势包含3个阶段:起步阶段、发展阶段、提升阶段.今后,环境与经济协调型规划将会成为环境规划发展的一个重要方向.本文从环境规划体系的角度分析了当前中国环境规划中存在的问题,最终提出了完善中国环境规划的建议.     

旅游城市环境规划优化方法与应用研究(Ⅰ)不确定性多目标规划模型

以旅游城市环境系统的综合性、多目标性、动态性和不确定性的特征出发，提出用不确定性模糊多目标规划（IFMOP）模型来解决旅游城市 环境规划优化问题。通过建立旅游城市环境不确定性模糊多目标规划系统模型（IFMOPMTCE），使旅游城市环境系统的特性在模型建立和求解过程中得以充分反映，同时也有效地协调了环境经济等目标之间的矛盾与冲突，该研究为旅游城市环境规划工作提供了一种较为有力的工具。     

基于系统动力学的以GDP-PM_(2.5)达标为约束的大气环境承载力模型研究——以武汉市为例

当前在环境规划编制中,存在对环境容量和环境承载力弱化分析的倾向,导致环境规划科学性和逻辑性不足。面对以PM_(2.5)为特征的复合型空气污染,传统的大气容量计算方法具有局限性。以武汉市为例,基于系统动力学建立了武汉市"经济-能源-大气环境"的系统动力学多目标规划模型,不去模拟复杂的大气传输扩散的物理化学过程,而是基于统计数据和社会、经济发展目标,建立了系统中不同变量的动态数量关系,预测了武汉市2016—2030年在3种情景下GDP、PM_(2.5)年均浓度和6种大气污染物排放量的变化趋势,并计算出以GDP-PM_(2.5)达标为约束的大气环境容量和大气环境承载力的阈值,可为制定城市大气中PM_(2.5)污染的控制措施提供科学依据,实现了对环境容量与环境-经济发展趋势的同步测算。     

可持续性和规划适应性的规则

这篇文章根据生态可持续性的观点,挑战当前主流规划办法,适用于法治国家并建立在现代环境法办法的基础之上.这篇文章根据全世界环境政策大规模实施不利的一般经验,讨论了环境目标的设定和实施.在此,把环境规划与自适应管理办法作比较.环境规划中至少有一些法则来源于新西兰的<资源管理法>,更多则取自法律操作化的当代环境法律理论;而自适应管理办法在实施失败或似乎很难实施的情况下,允许考虑调整环境相关目标.自适应环境规划(AEP)观念被建议作为在通过环境限度合法界定框架内最大限度地发展的同时,选择可持续性规划的一个可能的路径.这篇文章提出了5个标准,这些标准是在自适应环境规划中必须要符合的.这些标准之一涉及到规划的层次,规划的层次与其它情况一起导致这样的结论:如果海岸带规划的目标是可持续性,就不能孤立地来对待,尽管在区域一级上这样的规划可能不得不面对非常复杂的问题.     

经济开发区不确定性环境规划方法与应用研究

经济开发区是一种具有很强不确定性的系统，对它的环境规划一直是规划界面临的难题，针对原有方法的缺陷，以经济开发区环境经济系统的集合性、多目标性、动态性和不确定性为出发点，提出了适用于经济开发区的环境经济系统规划方法框架，构造了不确定性多目标混合整数规划（IMOMIP）模型，开发了相应的模型算法，而后应用提出的模型方法对海沧投资区进行了环境规划研究。     

关于办好环境规划与管理专业的问题

如今我们在设置环境规划与管理专业时,是根据环境规划与管理工作的特点而设置的。这个特点是中国已形成一套自己的环境管理的体系,这个管理体系是在经济技术基础较低而且管理不善的前提下而建立起来的。根据这一特点,我们需要培养较全面地握掌或了解与环境保护有关的自然科学知识、工程技术知识与社会经济知识,这三种知识都不是偏向某一方面,而是各方面知识的融合,具有这种知识的人才能担负复杂的环境管理任务。创造出显著的环境效益、经济效益与社会效益,显然这个专业是任何其它专业替代不了的。科学的边缘性和学科的独立性,决定了环境规划和管理专业不可能并入其它任何专业。环境规划与管理专业究竟需具备哪些知识呢?归纳起来有下列几条。 1.必须掌握与环境污染和破     

城市建设环境影响成因及其防治

城市建设对环境形成多种影响，其中以噪声、光、生态等污染最为突出。这与环境意识淡漠，环境管理不到位和施工队伍素质偏低有关。为此，应当制订城建环境规划和市长目标责任，采取强化管理，加强监督等一系列措施，以防治其对环境的影响。     

环境保护管理 环境规划与环境管理

X32200701590基于循环经济理念的城市环境规划创新思路/孙艳军(广州市番禺区环境科学研究所)…∥水资源保护/河海大学环境水利研究会.-2006,22(5).-84~86环图X-121全面、系统地分析了循环经济的理论框架,构建了循环经济理论与城市环境规划体系整合的方法学框架,对城市环境规划中循环经济的实践途径进行了深入研究与探索.分析表明:循环经济理念是传统环境规划体系进行创新的必然选择和最佳机遇.同时,循环经济理念纳入环境规划实践的全过程,是现有环境规划体系与可持续发展战略进行整合的最优途径.图2参15X321200701591中国城市生活垃圾处理…     

Water environmental planning considering the influence of non-linear characteristics

In practical water environmental planning, the influence of the non-linear characteristics on the benefit of environmental investment was seldom taken into consideration. This paper demonstrates that there exist a lot of non-linear behaviors in water environment by emphatically analyzing the influence of the non-linear characteristics of the economic scale, the meandering river and the model on water environmental planning, which will make a certain impact on the water environmental planning that sometimes cannot be neglected. This paper also preliminarily explores how to integrate the non-linear characteristics into water environmental planning. The results showed that compared with traditional methods, water environmental planning considering non-linear characteristics has its prevalence and it is necessary to develop the relevant Dlannin,. theories and methods.     

Eco-design implemented through a product-based environmental management system

Lucent Technologies (Lucent) has undergone considerable change in business strategy with the outsourcing of manufacturing activities. In order to control the significant environmental aspects of hardware products, Lucent's wireless business unit, Mobility Solutions, determined it would concentrate on the design of products: focusing on eco-design enables product sustainability to be improved, with each product generation providing a ‘start of pipe’ (front end) solution with attendant efficiencies.Mobility Solutions pioneered a product-based environmental management system (PBEMS) to formally address the impacts of wireless hardware products on the environment throughout the entire product lifecycle, regardless of where products are developed. This management system looks beyond the environmental impacts of manufacturing to include conceptual design, development, use by the customer, and final product disposal.The success of this approach can be attributed to the integration of eco-design with traditional hardware product realization processes. Through the PBEMS, business and environmental processes are simultaneously utilized to manage significant product aspects and to incorporate sustainability principles during product design. Many innovative eco-design tools are applied during the product realization process to identify areas for improvement of future products, and to verify that each generation of existing products is more sustainable than its predecessor. These eco-design tools include eco-roadmapping, design for environment guidelines and checklists, and lifecycle assessments.The Mobility Solutions PBEMS conforms to the requirements of the ISO 14001 international standard and has achieved third-party certification. By implementing environmentally responsible characteristics through eco-design programs, employees, customers, and the world community benefit from a consistent approach to the environmental management of wireless hardware products. Mobility Solutions continues to reap the value of sustainable product design that is both good for the environment and makes sound business sense.     

基于平衡计分卡的农村水环境治理绩效的指标体系设计及评价研究

农村水环境治理已经成为中国水环境保护的重要组成部分,对农村社会经济的发展有着重要的现实意义.为改变传统的农村水环境治理手段,规范农村水环境治理模式,本文通过对农村水环境的现状、治理绩效评价的必要性、平衡计分卡的可行性等要素进行分析,并以乡镇环保机构为例,充分利用平衡计分卡这一绩效管理工具的理念框架,最终设计出一套适合本国农村水环境治理的绩效指标体系.以期通过对本指标体系的合理运用,为今后农村水环境治理绩效评价提供参考.     

适合国际化大都市的环保执法工作新机制探讨

环保执法是政府环境保护行政主管部门对环境保护工作统一监督管理的主要抓手之一，是实现环境质量根本好转的重要手段，文章从环保法律体系、环保法制建设、政府环境管理体制、市区两级环保部门执法现状等方面，分析了上海市环保执法的现状及存在的问题。从完善环境保护法律法规、强化经济手段、解决环保执法监督机制和工作机制，实行执法效能评估、健全环保执法监督制约机制等方面，提出了建设性的对策建议。     

Climate change and water resources management in Tuwei river basin of Northwest China

Water resources are an integral part of the socio-economic-environmental system. Water resources have dynamic interactions with related social, economic and environmental elements, as well as regulatory factors that are characterized by non-linear and multi-loop feedbacks. In this paper, a complex System Dynamic (SD) model is used to study the relationship among population growth, economic development, climate change, management strategies and water resources, and identify the best management strategy to adapt with the changing environment in the Tuwei river basin of Northwest China. Three management alternatives viz. business as usual, water supply management and water demand management are studied under different climate change scenarios. Results indicate that water shortage rate in Tuwei river basin may increase up to 80 % by the year 2030 if current management practices are continued or the supply based management strategy is adopted. On the other hand, water demand management can keep the water shortage rate within a tolerable limit and therefore can be considered as the sustainable strategy for water resources management to maintain the economic growth and ecological status of the Tuwei river basin.     

黄土高原小流域雨水资源化综合效益评价体系研究

针对黄土高原地区雨水资源开发利用现状和小流域雨水资源化特点,以小流域作为研究单元,以雨水资源作为研究对象,借鉴层次分析法(AHP)原理,遵循科学、实用及其简明的原则,构建小流域雨水资源化综合效益评价数学模型,提出了综合效益评价的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益等32项评价指标。并以陕西省淳化县泥河沟小流域为例,利用所建模型进行了综合评价。评价结果可为黄土高原雨水资源高效利用和生态环境健康发展提供理论依据。     

拟建工程的工程环境系统费用效益分析方法初探

本文根据环境经济学的基本原理,阐明了环境费用效益,工程环境系统的费用效益以及工程环境系统的环境保护措施的费用效益的基本概念,提出了拟建工程的工程环境系统的费用效益分析方法,建立了工程环境系统的决策函数。文中还论述了采取对策后的工程环境系统的费用效益的分析和比较问题以及相应对策的工程环境系统决策函数的变化问题。为了对工程的费用效益与不同对策方案的净效益进行比较,本文利用货币单位作为各种费用效益的度量单位。最后,简要介绍了利用上述方法对某一工程项目进行的分析与结果。     

The measurement of corporate environmental performance and its application to the analysis of efficiency in oil industry

This paper addresses a measurement of corporate environmental performance, and its application to the analysis of efficiency in the petroleum firms. In order to measure firms' environmental performance, we suggest a framework called “Gscore” that consists of five categories, namely general environmental management (GEM), input, process, output, and outcome. Gscore is a proxy measure of corporate environmental performance based on voluntary environment, health, and safety (EHS) report and is calculated by aggregating the points of the above five-categories. We apply our measurement framework to the data of 39 firms' voluntary EHS reports which are available on the internet. Ten of them, on which efficiency analysis was conducted with Gscore, assets, employee, and profits, are in petroleum and refining industry. According to our results: (1) a gap is found between rhetoric and practical environmental management stemming from calculating the relation between GEM and data part in 39 EHS reports. (2) On the whole, EHS reports of petroleum firms have something in common, but there are significant differences in the type and amounts of disclosed data among the EHS reports. (3) From the results of efficiency analysis, it is found that the number of employee exerts a considerable influence on determining the relative efficiency of petroleum firms, then Gscore, profits, and assets in sequence. Furthermore, Exxon, Ashland, Phillips Petroleum, and ARCO are shown to be efficient among 10 petroleum firms.     

妇女-环境保护的生力军

在参与环保的公众中,女性与环保之间有着必然的联系,她们更接近自然,关注生存的环境。环境恶化影响着女性的身体健康和日常生活的成本,而环境的可持续性更需要女性的加入,她培养下一代的环境保护意识,提倡环保的消费模式,参与环保科研、环保宣传等。所以,女性是重要的组成部分。本文从妇女与自然的关系,妇女参与环保的必要性和妇女在环境保护中的作用三个方面来分析女性在参与环境保护的影响和作用在逐渐扩张,是环境保护的生力军。     

未来十年我国环境保护面临的压力与走势

未来十年,是我国实施资源节约与环境保护战略的关键时期,应通过环境管理制度创新和技术创新解决中国的环境问题。我国现行环境管理制度存在无法满足公共资源管理目标要求,发展绿色经济有利于促进产业结构的优化升级,提高企业发展的内动力。因此,环境管理转型与环境经济政策相结合、环境资源的公共管理以及发展绿色经济将是中国未来十年的主要发展趋势。