介孔γ -Al2O3的制备及其对F-的吸附性能研究

以硝酸铝和碳酸氢铵为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成具有较高活性的介孔γ-Al2O3纳米材料.对合成的样品进行XRD、TEM和BET表征.结果表明:在N2气氛下煅烧所得样品与在空气中煅烧所得样品相比,其比表面积略有增加;在溶胶-凝胶过程中,用乙醇洗涤凝胶能显著提高产物的比表面积,所得产物比表面积高达390 m2/g,呈多孔结...     

磁性介孔纳米复合材料制备及其对废水中Fe3+的吸附回收性能研究

为有效去除废水中Fe3+,采用共沉淀法制备Fe3 O4磁流体,以水合肼为还原剂制备还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),经改进的St?ber法合成了Fe3 O4@mSiO2-RGO磁性介孔纳米复合材料.利用FT-IR、XRD、BET、磁响应等分析方法对Fe3 O4@mSiO2-RGO进行了结构表征,考察了吸附时间、初始浓度和吸附剂...     

污泥吸附剂的制备及其对含Pb2+模拟废水的吸附特性研究

以污水处理站脱水污泥和煤为原料,通过共热解法制备污泥吸附剂,并将其用于吸附含Pb2+的模拟废水.同时,考察了污泥吸附剂制备过程中热解温度、配比、热解时间、粒径对碘吸附值及产率的影响,以及吸附时间、温度、pH值、污泥吸附剂投加量对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和热力学特性进行了探讨.结果表明,制备污泥吸附剂的最佳条件为...     

碱性条件下介孔SiO_2的制备及扩孔和吸附性能研究

在碱性条件下,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵做为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,采用水热合成法,并用三甲苯(TMB)对其进行扩孔,获得了一种介孔二氧化硅材料。通过BET、FT-IR、SEM和小角XRD对其进行表征,研究其对铅离子的吸附性能。研究发现扩孔后的介孔二氧化硅对铅离子的吸附量明显高于未扩孔的介孔材料,吸附率达到99.8%。     

介孔炭干凝胶对孔雀石绿的吸附性能研究

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过调整碱性催化剂碳酸钠用量,制备了一系列介孔丰富的炭干凝胶吸附剂.主要考察了介孔炭干凝胶对染料孔雀石绿的吸附性能,并进行了孔结构、表面形貌和官能团的分析.结果表明,催化剂用量不同的介孔炭干凝胶具有不同的粒径和孔径,当间苯二酚与碳酸钠的物质的量比为1000∶1时,制得的吸附剂比表面积和介孔最丰富,且其对孔雀石绿的吸附量最大.同时,介孔炭干凝胶的用量、吸附时间和温度对吸附容量均有一定的影响,吸附过程符合伪二阶动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型,最大吸附量为208.33 mg·g~(-1);吸附过程是自发的吸热反应.介孔炭干凝胶对孔雀石绿的主要吸附机理是染料分子与羟基和羧基等官能团之间存在静电作用、氢键作用及范德华力作用.     

羧甲基-β-环糊精/磁性介孔硅对Pb2+的吸附研究

采用羧甲基-β-环糊精(CM-β-CD)和磁性介孔二氧化硅制得CM-β-CD/磁性介孔二氧化硅复合吸附剂(Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@mSiO_2-CM-β-CD),并应用于水体中Pb~(2+)的去除。通过SEM、EDS、FTIR、XRD等现代技术表征所得复合材料。研究表明:Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@mSiO_2-CM-β-CD对Pb~(2+)的吸附遵循伪二级模型,符合Langmuir模型。在298 K时,Pb~(2+)的理论饱和吸附量为60.8 mg/g。此外,热力学参数表明吸附过程是自发的。最后,Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@mSiO_2-CM-β-CD表现出优异的磁分离性能,此外还证明在强酸性条件下具有良好的稳定性。经5次再生循环作用后,Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@mSiO_2-CM-β-CD对Pb~(2+)仍保持较高的吸附容量。     

TiO2/SBA-15介孔复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

为增大半导体TiO_2的比表面积,进而提升其光催化性能,同时改善其不易回收的缺陷,该研究以价格便宜、来源广泛的钛铁矿为原料,具有高度有序介孔结构的SBA-15分子筛为载体,通过后合成水解法并调控不同的煅烧温度制得TiO_2/SBA-15复合材料,采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、比表面分析仪对样品进行表征。此外,在紫外光照射下,以甲基橙为模拟降解物,考察样品煅烧温度、光催化反应温度对催化效率的影响,对比TiO2/SBA-15复合材料与商用P25的催化效果,分析甲基橙溶液的矿化程度及催化剂的稳定性,并结合活性物种捕获实验提出TiO_2/SBA-15光催化降解甲基橙的机制。结果表明:煅烧温度对催化剂的晶型、比表面积和晶粒大小具有显著影响,煅烧温度为550℃时TiO2/SBA-15的比表面积高达386 m2/g,该催化剂在3 h内对甲基橙的降解率为85.1%,溶液矿化率达62.9%。TiO_2/SBA-15和商用P25光催化甲基橙均符合准一级反应,速率常数分别为0.633 1 h~(-1)和0.350 6 h~(-1),TiO_2/SBA-15复合材料有效提高了光催化活性并维持良好的稳定性。在该光催化体系中,h+和·O_2是起主导作用的活性物种,·OH的影响较小。     

活性与非活性克雷伯氏菌对水中Pb2+的吸附性能

针对从云南某矿山废水中分离出的1株克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.),研究其活性菌体(AK)和非活性菌体(IK)对水溶液中Pb~(2+)的吸附性能。研究了pH、吸附剂用量、反应时间和初始Pb~(2+)浓度、背景阴离子和共存阳离子对AK和IK吸附Pb~(2+)的影响,采用Zeta电位和FTIR分析进一步阐述2种吸附剂吸附Pb~(2+)的差异。在不同的实验条件下,AK对Pb~(2+)的吸附量均高于IK。AK和IK的吸附动力学均符合伪二级动力学模型,吸附等温线都能更好地使用Langmuir模型拟合。背景阴离子NO32-、Cl-和SO42-对AK和IK去除Pb~(2+)影响不大。Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Cd~(2+)3种重金属离子共存时,AK和IK对Pb~(2+)的吸附具有选择性。Zeta电位和FTIR分析表明,AK比IK具有更强的结合Pb~(2+)的能力,参与反应的基团主要是羟基、氨基和羧基。     

氨基改性SBA-15有序介孔材料对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附热力学特征研究

以硅酸钠为硅源,三嵌聚合物Pluronic P123为模板剂,采用水热-后期接枝的合成方法,制备出氨基改性SBA-15.用透射电镜、X射线衍射、氮气吸附-解吸和红外光谱等手段对其结构进行了表征.在此基础上,以改性SBA-15为吸附剂,通过批实验讨论了吸附时间、体系初始pH值和温度等对水溶液中Cd2+吸附的影响,并讨论了...     

TiO2/SiO2纳米介孔复合薄膜的制备及其光催化降解性能研究

采用两步溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/SiO2纳米介孔复合薄膜,经X-射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和透射及扫描电子显微镜(TEM,SEM)表征,显示介孔复合薄膜中锐钛矿型TiO2纳米粒子均匀分散在 SiO2介孔基底中,经光催化降解氨气的试验,结果表明该介孔复合薄膜的光催化活性比普通的TiO2粒子有较大的提高.     

Amino-functionalized core-shell magnetic mesoporous composite microspheres for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal

Amino-functionalized Fe3O4@mesoporous SiO/ core-shell composite microspheres NH2-MS in created in multiple synthesis steps have been investigated for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption. The microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, N2 adsorption-desorption, zeta potential measurements and vibrating sample magnetometer. Batch adsorption tests indicated that NH2-MS exhibited higher adsorption affinity toward Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） than MS did. The Langmuir model could fit the adsorption isotherm very well with maximum adsorption capacity of 128.21 and 51.81 mg/g for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）, respectively, implying that adsorption processes involved monolayer adsorption. Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption could be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetics model, and was found to be strongly dependent on pH and humic acid. The Pb（Ⅱ）- and Cd（Ⅱ）-loaded microspheres were effectively desorbed using 0.01 mol/L HC1 or EDTA solution. NH2-MS have promise for use as adsorbents in the removal of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） in wastewater treatment processes.     

磁性壳聚糖凝胶微球对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

以壳聚糖为原材料,通过原位共沉淀法和柠檬酸钠交联法制备了一种新型多孔磁性壳聚糖凝胶微球吸附剂CS-citrate/Fe₃O₄.利用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TG）对吸附剂进行了表征.结果表明,吸附剂内部具有发达的孔隙结构,并均匀分布有平均直径为（4.79±1.09）nm的Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒;吸附剂中引入Fe₃O₄后,仍存在羟基、氨基和羧基等功能基团,且吸附剂磁性良好可用于磁场分离;吸附剂对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附等温线和动力学研究表明,吸附过程以化学吸附为主,最大吸附容量可达178.25mg/g.     

Novel eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent fabricated from Pickering middle internal phase emulsions for removal of Pb(II) and Cd (II)

Spherical porous materials prepared from the emulsion template used in the water treat-ment have displayed a vast prospect,as the high surface area,abundant porous structure,convenient operation and excellent adsorption performance.But the tedious fabrication process,high consumption of organic solvent and surfactant limited the application widely.Herein,a facile and eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent (SPA) is fabricated from the green surfactant-free (corn oil)-in-water Pickering medium internal phase emulsions (Pick-ering MIPEs) via the convenient ion crosslinking procedure.The Pickering MIPEs synergis-tically stabilized with the semi-coke (SC),which is the natural particle produced from the shale oil distillation,and sodium alginate (SA) has excellent storage and anti-coalescence stability.The as-prepared porous adsorbent possessed the abundant pore structure,which provided favorable conditions for effective mass transfer in adsorption,and could be tuned by varying the SA dosage.The saturation adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) can be achieved with 460.54 and 278.77 mg/g within 45 min at 25℃,respectively.Overall,this study supplied a viable and eco-friendly route for fabricating the spherical porous adsorbent with a tunable porous structure for heavy metal ion wastewater.     

水稻秸秆生物炭对镉、铅复合污染土壤中重金属形态转化的短期影响

用生物炭修复重金属污染土壤已有广泛研究.本文采用水稻秸秆在500℃下制成的生物炭,施入Pb、Cd复合污染的土壤中培养30 d,探讨重金属化学形态变化,以期为生物炭修复重金属污染土壤提供科学依据.结果表明:生物炭添加后,黄棕壤的pH升高,弱酸提取态、可还原态及可氧化态Pb含量降低,残渣态Pb含量极显著增加,土壤Pb活性降低;与未加生物炭处理相比,添加生物炭后高浓度Cd污染土壤中弱酸提取态Cd含量极显著降低,可氧化态Cd含量增加,而残渣态Cd含量变化不显著,表明添加生物炭可以促进弱酸提取态Cd向可氧化态Cd转化.Pb、Cd复合污染土壤中Pb-Cd交互作用极显著,添加生物炭减弱了交互作用对弱酸提取态Pb的影响.     

Preparation of cross-linked magnetic chitosan with quaternary ammonium and its application for Cr(VI) and P(V) removal

Pollutants that exist in anionic species are issues of concern in water treatment. Compared to cationic pollutants, the removal of anionic pollutants by adsorption is more difficult because most adsorbents carry predominantly negative charges in neutral and alkaline environments. In this study, a cross-linked chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium and magnetic properties（QM-chitosan） was prepared and employed to remove chromium（VI） and phosphorus（V）（Cr（VI） and P（V）） from aqueous environments. The QM-chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry（FT-IR）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）, energy dispersive X-ray（SEM-EDX） and zeta potential.Batch experiments show that QM-chitosan can effectively remove Cr（VI） and P（V）, and the main mechanism was believed to be electrostatic interaction. A pseudosecond-order model was fitted to describe the kinetic processes of Cr（VI） and P（V） removal. The adsorption isotherms of both Cr（VI） and P（V） on the QM-chitosan were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The saturated adsorption capacity of P（V）（2.783 mmol/g） was found to be higher than that of Cr（VI）（2.323 mmol/g）, resulting from the size of the H2PO-4ions being smaller than that of the HCr O-4ions. However, the theoretical calculation and experimental results showed that QM-chitosan had a stronger affinity for Cr（VI） than P（V）. The adsorption–desorption of the QM-chitosan was evaluated, and high regeneration rates were demonstrated.     

Synthesis of a novel illite@carbon nanocomposite adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater

A novel illite@carbon (I@C) nanocomposite adsorbent has been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) using glucose as carbonaceous source and illite as the carrier. The morphology, microstructure and surface properties of the prepared nanocomposite adsorbent were analyzed by FESEM, TGA, XRD, FT-IR and Zeta potential measurements. Batch experiments were carried out on the adsorption of Cr(VI) to determine the adsorption properties of the composite. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the I@C nanocomposite was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. Compared with the illite and carbon material (SC) separately, the prepared I@C nanocomposite adsorbent exhibited enhanced adsorption performance for Cr(VI) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 149.25 mg/g, which was higher than that of most reported adsorbents. In addition, the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic based on the adsorption thermodynamics study. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by I@C was highly pH-dependent and the optimum adsorption occurred at pH 2.0. The Zeta potential analysis results indicated that the electrostatic interactions between anionic Cr(VI) and the positively charged surface of the adsorbent might be critical to the adsorption mechanism. This study demonstrated that the I@C nanocomposite should be a promising candidate for a low-cost, environmental friendly and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of toxic Cr(VI) from wastewater.     

磁性PEI功能化秸秆的制备及对Pb (Ⅱ)的吸附

为获得同时具有优良的吸附性能和磁分离特性的生物吸附材料,以汽爆秸秆为基质,采用戊二醛交联剂法制备了磁性聚乙烯亚胺功能化秸秆吸附剂（Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS）,通过SEM、XRD、FTIR、XPS和VSM等手段表征了材料的结构和性质,测定了Pb（Ⅱ）在Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS上的吸附性能,考察了pH、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、Pb（Ⅱ）初始浓度、温度等因素对吸附的影响.结果表明,Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附具有强烈的pH依赖性;吸附时间对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附效率有明显的影响,在180 min时吸附达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型;Langmuir和Freundlich模型都能很好地描述Pb（Ⅱ）在Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS上的吸附行为,20、30和40℃时最大吸附量分别为192.31、200.00和212.77 mg/g;热力学参数△G < 0,而焓变△H>0、△S>0,说明该吸附属于熵增加的自发吸热反应过程,升温有利于吸附.重复试验表明,EDTA作解吸剂,经5次吸附/解吸附循环后吸附剂仍能保持较高的吸附容量.研究显示,所制Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS对Pb（Ⅱ）具有较高的吸附容量,稳定性好、可循环利用,能在磁场下实现快速分离.      

壳聚糖/改性平菇复合吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附特性

以壳聚糖和经酒石酸改性的平菇粉末为材料,通过戊二醛进行交联反应,制得壳聚糖-改性平菇凝胶小球（CMPOD）复合生物吸附剂,用于水溶液中Cr（VI）的吸附去除.结果表明,在实验所测pH值（2~10）范围内,复合吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附量随着pH值上升而降低;随着Cr（VI）初始浓度或温度的提高,吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附量均相应增加,当Cr（VI）初始浓度为600mg/L,温度为50℃,Cr（VI）吸附量可达190mg/g以上;Cr（VI）的吸附符合准二级动力学方程及Freundlich等温吸附模型;热力学分析表明,吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附过程为自发的吸热反应.扫描电镜（SEM）分析显示,吸附剂具有发达的网状结构,吸附Cr（VI）后网状孔隙被填充,且能谱分析（EDS）出现明显的Cr（VI）吸收峰;傅立叶红外光谱分析（FTIR）表明,壳聚糖中的氨基成功引入复合吸附剂中,在Cr（VI）吸附中为主要作用官能团.     

Functionalized CMK-3 mesoporous carbon with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole for Hg(II) removal from aqueous media

Ordered mesoporous carbon（CMK-3） was synthesized and functionalized with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole groups（AMT-OCMK-3） for Hg（Ⅱ） removal from aqueous solution. The modified CMK-3 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of solution pH, contact time, initial Hg（Ⅱ） concentration and matrix effect were studied. The adsorption data were successfully fitted with the Langmuir model, exhibiting high adsorption capacity of 450.45 mg/g of AMT-OCMK-3. In the solid-phase extraction system a series of experimental parameters such as sample flow rate, sample volume,eluent volume and concentration of the eluent solution have been investigated and established for preconcentration of Hg（Ⅱ） in aqueous solution. The results showed that the enrichment factor for Hg（Ⅱ） was 250, the precision（relative standard deviation（RSD）, %） for six replicate measurements was 2.05% and the limit of detection for Hg（Ⅱ） was achieved at0.17 μg/L.     

柱状污泥基活性炭制备方法及其除污染效能研究

以城市污水厂剩余污泥为原料,用氯化锌活化法研究一种柱状污泥基活性炭(CSAC)的制备方法及其工艺条件优化,并选择粉末污泥基活性炭(PSAC)和一种商品煤质碳(MAC)作为对照,考察了CSAC对重金属离子Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)及有机污染物硝基苯的吸附去除效能.结果表明,CSAC的比表面积及微孔容积分别是306.9 m2·g-1和0.109 cm3·g-1,仅为MAC的36.7%和23.6%,但其对Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量却远远高于MAC,说明CSAC表面存在的高含量酸性官能团在吸附去除重金属过程中起到了重要的作用.由于制备原料相同及制备工艺相似,CSAC与PSAC的理化性质基本相同,两种炭的表面酸性官能团含量较高,对Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)均具有较好的吸附去除效果,优于MAC,只是CSAC的比表面积和微孔容积略低于PSAC;在对硝基苯的吸附实验中,CSAC及PSAC的吸附效率均远远低于MAC,说明在对有机物硝基苯的吸附中,活性炭的比表面积等物理性质起到了较大的作用.同时,所制备的CSAC的稳定度大于95%,易于分离回收,不会造成二次污染,适合废水中重金属离子的吸附去除.