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1.
为了进一步认识大气气溶胶对气候环境的影响,基于2017年Aqua MODIS C006气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth,AOD)产品、CERES SSF Aqua MODIS Edition 4A数据集的地表短波辐射以及地面观测太阳辐射数据,对2017年新疆地区AOD和地表太阳辐射年变化进行研究,并以沙尘和人类活动气溶胶丰富的南疆典型地区喀什为代表城市,采用AccuRT辐射传输模式定量化研究晴空时气溶胶对地表短波辐射的影响.结果表明:①地表太阳辐射月均值最大值出现在和田站的5月,为441.62 W·m-2,最小值出现在乌鲁木齐站点的12月,为37.03 W·m-2;CERES/SSF地表短波辐射资料与地面观测结果相比,阿克苏站、焉耆站和伊宁站的差距最小,喀什站和若羌站全年存在高估现象,其他站点存在不同程度的高低估现象.②2017年新疆地区AOD格点平均的年均值最小值为0.0175,最大值为0.4610,南疆地区的AOD整体高于北疆地区;2017年AOD格点春夏季的AOD均值分布与全年均值分布特征相似,其中春季的AOD高值区区域面积高于其他季节.③根据AccuRT计算,当AOD由0.05增加为0.56时,四季的地表向下短波总辐射均呈下降趋势,夏季下降幅度最大,由923.02 W·m-2变化为677.61 W·m-2,其次为春季和秋季,冬季下降幅度最小.AOD的减少变化导致的地表向下短波总辐射通量、直射辐射通量和散射辐射通量变化敏感度明显高于AOD增加所导致的变化敏感度.  相似文献   

2.
利用AERONET(Aerosol Robotic Network)的长期观测数据,分析了“一带一路”沿线非洲地区7个典型城市气溶胶的光学和微物理特性及其年际和季节变化特征,包括气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、波长指数(AE)、单次散射反照率(SSA)、粒子谱分布、气溶胶吸收光学厚度(AAOD)、 主要气溶胶类型、辐射强迫(ARF)及其效率(ARFE)等.结果表明:非洲地区AOD和AE虽然年变化趋势不显著,但其南北区域均值差异十分明显,北部地区的平均AOD(0.47)高于南部(0.18),而AE则正好相反,分别为0.55和1.38. AOD和AE表现出显著的季节变化特征,非洲北部和 南部的AOD均在春季最高,分别为0.58和0.27,而在秋季最低,分别为0.36和0.12;非洲北部的AE值在秋季最高(0.63),春季最低(0.36),南部的AE值则在春季最高(1.51),夏季最低(1.09).各站年平均AAOD为0.03~0.05;AAOD冬季最大(0.04~0.10),夏季最低(0.02~0.05).从秋季到冬季,非洲各站点SSA均有明显下降趋势,平均值从0.91下降至0.87.DAK站(Dakar)的夏、冬季分别出现SSA的最高、最低值.从气溶胶类型来看,非洲北部地区以粗模态的沙尘型气溶胶为主,南部地区以细模态的生物质燃烧型气溶胶为主.气溶胶辐射强迫计算表明,整层ARF的范围为22.26~70.82 W·m-2,其中,ILO站(Ilorin)对大气的加热作用最大.此外,以细粒子为主的非洲南部大气底部ARFE高于以沙尘为主的北部, 平均值分别为-217.76和-161.91 W·m-2.  相似文献   

3.
人类活动向大气中排放气溶胶,人为气溶胶增强了对太阳辐射吸收和散射直接改变地气系统的辐射平衡,又可以通过作为云凝结核或冰核改变云的微物理特性和停留时间、地表反照率等途径间接影响气候的辐射强迫。综合以往研究,文章主要总结了2种影响气候辐射强迫性质相反的黑碳气溶胶和硫酸盐气溶胶以及相对湿度和黑碳的混合状态对气溶胶辐射强迫效应的影响。完善对大气气溶胶,尤其是人类活动产生的气溶胶的气候强迫机制及对地气系统影响的认识。  相似文献   

4.
姚媛  贺欣  朱君 《环境科学学报》2020,40(6):1976-1986
利用地基CE-318太阳光度计反演数据、中分辨率成像光谱仪(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,MODIS)、云-气溶胶激光雷达、红外路径探测卫星(Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation,CALIPSO)遥感产品及拉格朗日混合单粒子轨迹模型(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model,HYSPLIT),研究了中国西南云贵高原昆明站点混合型气溶胶日(2012年3月31日)、生物质燃烧气溶胶日(2012年4月4日)、城市工业气溶胶污染日(2013年8月15日)中气溶胶光学特性、辐射特性的差异及气溶胶三维分布和可能来源.结果表明,相比于其它两种类型气溶胶污染日,生物质燃烧气溶胶污染日气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)最高,达到1.18;吸收波长指数(AAE)值最大,为1.61;消光波长指数(EAE)值最大,为1.55,细模态气溶胶粒子占比更多,细模态体积浓度峰值达到0.15 μm3·μm-2;生物质燃烧气溶胶污染日气溶胶直接辐射强迫(ARF)绝对值均为3个污染日中最高(地表ARF为-149 W·m-2,大气顶ARF为-40 W·m-2,大气ARF为109 W·m-2),气溶胶对地表的降温效应达到最大,对大气的加热作用最明显.气溶胶直接辐射强迫效率(ARFE)结果显示,生物质燃烧气溶胶相比于城市工业气溶胶对大气顶的降温作用较小,对大气的加热作用更强.气溶胶混合污染日后向轨迹来源于当日有大量生物质燃烧的中南半岛区域和以城市工业气溶胶为主的中国华南及四川盆地区域,生物质燃烧污染日气流则来自中南半岛地区,上述地区同时也为MODIS AOD高值区;城市工业污染日的气流来自位于昆明局地和四川盆地的AOD高值区.气溶胶混合污染日昆明站点附近气溶胶主要位于海拔2300 m(来源于东北部的城市工业气溶胶)和4600 m(来自缅甸的生物质燃烧气溶胶)高度处;生物质燃烧污染日气溶胶浓度随高度增加而降低,3000、3500、4100 m 3个主要峰值高度处的气溶胶都来至于缅甸地区;城市工业气溶胶污染日峰值高度处气溶胶主要来自局地东北部区域,且气溶胶浓度随高度增加先增加后减小.  相似文献   

5.
现阶段大气PM2.5遥感反演方法大多数都基于卫星气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth,AOD)产品,这些产品通常是从表观反射率(top-of-atmosphere reflectance,TOA)中反演而来.直接建立TOA产品和地面站点监测的PM2.5浓度间的反演模型能够有效降低由AOD反演所带来的误差传递,但是现阶段反演PM2.5所用到的TOA同时耦合了地表反射率和大气贡献值,想要进一步提升反演精度则需要设法将二者分离.基于此,本文利用Himawari-8(H8)卫星数据,由6S模型进行大气校正,继而统计得到H8前6个波段之间的地表反射率关系式,再运用卫星第六波段表观反射率与地表反射率接近的特性,估算得到前5个波段的地表反射率,并扣除地表反射率得到大气贡献值,以此来达到地气解耦的目的.随后,本文基于深度神经网络构建了PM2.5、大气贡献值、卫星亮温数据、观测角等之间的关系.以安徽省为例,反演结果表明,与不考虑地气解耦的TOA-PM2.5方法相比,本文提出的ATM-PM2.5方法精度更高,在未参与训练的验证站点上,ATM-PM2.5R2和RMSE值为0.87和13.77 μg·m-3,相对于未经过地气解耦的TOA-PM2.5R2提高了20%,RMSE值降低了5.24 μg·m-3.另外,利用H8卫星时间分辨率较高的特点,本文对安徽省域范围内进行了逐小时的PM2.5监测,显示本文方法有潜力为PM2.5实时监测提供数据支撑.  相似文献   

6.
中国地区气溶胶类型变化及其辐射效应研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
贺欣  陆春松  朱君 《环境科学学报》2020,40(11):4070-4080
利用AERONET网站中国地区各区域多个站点长期的观测数据,通过各类气溶胶光学特性的差异(Extinction Angstrom Exponent,EAE;Single Scattering Albedo,SSA)将中国地区华北区域北京、香河站点,华东区域太湖站点,华南区域香港站点,西北区域SACOL站点气溶胶进行分类分析其气溶胶占比特征及年际变化,并进一步研究不同地区各类气溶胶光学及辐射特性差异.研究结果表明,不同地区各类气溶胶占比特征显著,华北区域北京、香河站点混合吸收型气溶胶Type5占比最多,分别占比35%、31%;其次为城市/工业型气溶胶Type3和Type4;华东区域以Type3、Type4和Type5三类气溶胶为主,分别占比32%、26%、25%;华南区域Type3、Type4气溶胶占比最为突出,占比分别达到46%、21%.西北区域Type5占比高达45%,出现高达34%的沙尘型气溶胶Type7.以不同地区各类气溶胶占比特征为基础,不同气溶胶的年际变化趋势差异较大.不同地区各类气溶胶光学特性参数(AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)、EAE、SSA)年变化特征表明,华北、华东区域AOD减少、EAE变化小、SSA增大;华南区域整体AOD增大,但近年来AOD显著减少、EAE变化小、SSA增大;西北区域AOD增大、EAE增大、SSA减少,即除了西北区域外,其余区域环境空气质量逐渐好转,粒子尺度变化较小,吸收能力下降.地表气溶胶直接辐射强迫效率(ARFE-BOA)结果显示,除华东区域太湖站点外,Type1对地表的降温冷却作用最大,绝对值均大于210 W·m-2,其次为Type2,即吸收型粒子对地表的贡献大于散射型粒子;关于ARFE-TOA的平均特征,Type4或Type7对大气顶的降温冷却作用最强,而各类气溶胶对大气层的加热作用与ARFE-BOA的平均特征类似,吸收型细粒子对大气层的加热作用较强.  相似文献   

7.
利用紫外辐射监测资料,结合对流层紫外与可见光辐射传输模式,反演气溶胶单次散射反照率(SSA).敏感性试验和误差分析表明:紫外辐照度对SSA敏感;气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)对反演SSA的误差影响最大,波长指数次之,地表反照率和其他因素的影响较小.使用该方法计算的珠三角地区的气溶胶单次散射反照率为0.84~0.99,平均值为0.92,与以往研究相比具有较好的一致性.  相似文献   

8.
天津市冬季气溶胶吸湿因子的粒径分布特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
气溶胶粒径吸湿增长因子[g(RH)]是影响气溶胶消光和气溶胶辐射强迫的重要因素.利用吸湿性串联差分电迁移率分析仪(HTDMA)观测了天津市冬季不同污染状态下气溶胶粒子gm(RH)的粒径分布.同时基于水溶性离子的粒径分布,利用κ-Köhler理论获取了较宽粒径范围内(60 nm~9.8 μm)的gκ(RH),为环境状态下气溶胶光学参数和直接辐射强迫的模拟提供基础.结果表明,清洁状态下大气光化学反应较为活跃,超细粒子(<100 nm)的gm(RH)较高,gm(RH=80%)在1.30以上.重度污染天,气溶胶中水溶性离子的质量分数随粒子粒径增大而增加,导致gm(RH)随着粒子粒径增大而增大,300 nm粒子的gm(RH=80%)和gm(RH=85%)分别可达1.39和1.46.在较宽粒径范围(60 nm~9.8 μm)内,不同模态气溶胶的吸湿性强弱表现为积聚模态>爱根模态>粗模态.大气重污染过程中气溶胶粒径明显增大,积聚模态气溶胶中NO3-和SO42-含量较清洁天明显增加,受此影响,污染状态下积聚模态气溶胶的吸湿性较清洁天明显增强,gκ(RH)达到1.3~1.4,具有强吸湿性的气溶胶粒径范围也同时扩大,在0.18~3.1 μm粒径段均较高,对能见度恶化有重要的贡献.  相似文献   

9.
利用区域气候和大气化学模式系统,对2000年春季生物质燃烧排放影响东南亚及中国南部地区对流层臭氧含量进行模拟研究.结果表明,春季东南亚和南亚的生物质燃烧不仅影响源区对流层臭氧含量,而且对处于环流下游的中国南部地区也有显著作用;燃烧源区主要影响对流层低层,下游地区则影响对流层中低层.在源区引起的对流层臭氧总浓度增加达2.1×10-1g/m2,对下游的中国南部地区增加量为9.0~12.0×10-2g/m2;源区大气低层1000~900hPa的臭氧含量可增加36×10-9m3/m3 以上,而在中国南部750~700hPa高度上空的增加达15×10-9m3/m3.  相似文献   

10.
西安冬春季PM10中碳气溶胶的昼夜变化特征   总被引:12,自引:7,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
为探讨西安市大气碳气溶胶的季节变化和昼夜变化特征及来源,于2006-12-19~2007-01-21 (冬季)和2007-04-01~2007-04-30 (春季)连续采集了大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品,并采用IMPROVE热光分析法分析了其中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的昼夜浓度.结果显示,冬季白天PM10及其中OC和EC的平均浓度分别为455.0、 62.4和7.5 μg/m3,夜晚的平均浓度分别为448.7、 66.1和6.9 μg/m3,对应春季白天的平均浓度分别为397.9、 26.7和6.9 μg/m3,夜晚分别为362.1、 31.9和8.6 μg/m3.冬季白天OC与EC的相关系数为0.44,较之春季0.81要差,主要与冬季采暖期燃料的多样性有关.碳气溶胶组分中,冬季白天和晚上二次有机碳气溶胶(SOC)的平均浓度为8.9和10.2 μg/m3,远高于春季(2.8和3.4 μg/m3),说明冬季较高的OC排放及较低的大气扩散能力利于碳气溶胶中SOC的生成.对碳气溶胶8种组分的因子分析结果表明,冬季燃煤排放及郊区的生物质排放对碳气溶胶有重要的贡献,而春季机动车的贡献明显增加.  相似文献   

11.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

12.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

13.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

15.
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.  相似文献   

16.
The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.  相似文献   

17.
A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p < 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.  相似文献   

18.
RemovalofheavymetalsfromsewagesludgebylowcostingchemicalmethodandrecyclinginagricultureWuQitang,NyirandegePascasie,MoCehuiF...  相似文献   

19.
A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several (halo)aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no (chloro)catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.  相似文献   

20.
Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury (Hg) on urease activity in 4 soils (meadow burozem and phaeozem) was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase (up to 13%-21%) in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship (P〈0.05) between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose (ED50) values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.  相似文献   

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