共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
Characterization and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
JIANG Bin ZHENG Hai-long HUANG Guo-qiang DING Hui LI Xin-gang SUO Hong-tu LI Rui 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(3):306-311
In this study sediment samples were collected from 13 sites of Haihe River in Tianjin City, China, sixteen of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed in USEPA were analyzed by means of GC-MS. The total concentrations of PAH ranged from 774.81 to 255371.91 ng/g dw, and two to four rings of PAHs were dominant in sediment samples. Molecular ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene and low-molecular-weight PAH/high-molecular-weight PAH, were used to study the possible sources of pollution. It indicated a mixed pattern of parolytic and petrogenic inputs of PAHs in sediments in Haihe River. The petrogenic PAHs may be mainly derived from the leakage of refined products, e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel and fuel oil vehicle traffics or gas stations from urban area. The pyrolytic PAHs might be from the discharge of industrial wastewater and the emission of atmospheric particles from petrochemical factories. In addition, the levels of PAHs in the urban and industrial areas are far beyond the values reported from other rivers and marine systems reported. This situation may be due to polluted discharging from some petrochemical industrial manufactories and worse traffic conditions in Tianjin. 相似文献
2.
Distribution, sources and potential toxicological significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Guanting Reservoir sediments, China 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The Guanting Reservoir lost its function as the second biggest drinking water source for Beijing due to the pollutions from the upstream flow of Yongding River in 1997. From 1998, lots of studies were carryied out to renew the function of Guanting Reservoir as domestic drinking water source before 2008 Olympic Games. This is the first time that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in the surface sediment of Guanting Reservoir have been analyzed. A distinctive spatial distribution of PAHs was observed. Sediments from four sites along Inlet of Yongding River to reservoir bam had PAHs concentrations of 1377--2855 μg/g dw in descending order. The composition of PAHs is investigated and used to assess patrogenic,combustion and naturally derived of the sediments samples of Guanting Reservoir. Special PAHs ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene(P/A) and fluoranthene/pyrene(Fl/Pyr) were calculated to assess the relative importance of different origins. The data confirmed a relatively high level of petrogenic contamination in four sites. These high PAHs levels were associated with the input of untreated and partially treated industrial sewage. In addition, the concentrations of PAHs compounds of samples indicated that sediments of reservoir were most likely to pose potential biological impairment. 相似文献
3.
Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments of the Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River in Tianjin, China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
DING Hui LI Xin-gang LIU Hun WANG Jun SHEN Wei-ran SUN Yi-chao SHAO Xiao-long 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2005,17(5):731-735
Persistent organochlorine compounds were analyzed by means of GC-ECD in surface sediment samples from two selected rivers in Tianjin, Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River. A total of 16 surface sediment sites were selected along the both rivers. The frequency of detection of T-HCH and T-DDT in sediment samples both was up to 100%, which illustrated that the contamination of HCH and DDT was widespread in Haihe and Dagu Drainage Rivers. Results indicated that the concentrations of various pesticides in sediments from Haihe River were in the range of 3.30-75.96 ng/g dw for T-HCH and 1.57-211.57 ng/g dw for T-DDT. Compared with Haihe River, Dagu Drainage River was contaminated by HCHs and DDTs along the all locations and the values of T-HCH and T-DDT residues in sediments ranged from 2.30 to 124.61 ng/g dw and from 11.28 to 237.30 ng/g dw, respectively, The possible pollution sources were analyzed through monitoring results of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) residues in sediments from the two rivers. The investigation also indicated that HCH was still used as pesticide in Tianjin partial area. 相似文献
4.
Li Lin Lei Dong Xiaoyang Meng Qingyun Li Zhuo Huang Chao Li Rui Li Wenjun Yang John Crittenden 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(7):271-280
After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR), the hydrological situation of the reservoir has changed greatly. The concentration and distribution of typical persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment have also changed accordingly. In this study, the concentration, distribution and potential sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and 6 phthalic acid esters(PAEs) during the water drawdown and impoundment periods were investigated in water and sediment from the TGR. According to our results, PAHs and PAEs showed temporal and spatial variations. The mean ΣPAH and ΣPAE concentrations in water and sediment were both higher during the water impoundment period than during the water drawdown period. The water samples from the main stream showed larger ΣPAH concentration fluctuations than those from tributaries. Both the PAH and PAE concentrations meet the Chinese national water environmental quality standard(GB 3838-2002). PAH monomers with 2–3 rings and 4 rings were dominant in water, and 4-ring and 5–6-ring PAHs were dominant in sediment. Di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP)were the dominant PAE pollutants in the TGR. DBP and DEHP had the highest concentrations in water and sediment, respectively. The main source of PAHs in water from the TGR was petroleum and emissions from coal and biomass combustion, whereas the main sources of PAHs in sediments included coal and biomass combustion, petroleum, and petroleum combustion. The main source of PAEs in water was domestic waste, and the plastics and heavy chemical industries were the main sources of PAEs in sediment. 相似文献
5.
ZHANG Yuan-xun SHAO Min ZHANG Yuan-hang ZENG Li-min HE Ling-yan ZHU Bin WEI Yong-jie ZHU Xian-lei 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(2):167-175
Cereal straw is one of the most abundant biomass burned in China but its contribution to fine particulates is not adequately understood. In this study, three main kinds of cereal straws were collected from five grain producing areas in China. Fine particulate matters (PMzs) from the cereal straws subjected to control burnings, both under smoldering and flaming status, were sampled by using a custom made dilution chamber and sampling system in the laboratory. Element carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) was analyzed. 141 compounds of organic matters were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS). Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings were obtained. The results indicated that organic matters contribute a large fraction in fine particulate matters. Levoglucosan had the highest contributions with averagely 4.5% in mass of fine particulates and can be considered as the tracer of biomass burnings. Methyloxylated phenols from lignin degradation also had high concentrations in PM2.5, and contained approximately equal amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl compounds. 13-Sitostrol also made up relatively a large fraction of PMz5 compared with the other sterols (0.18%-0.63% of the total fine particle mass). Normal alkanes, PAHs, fatty acids, as well as normal alkanols had relatively lower concentrations compared with the compounds mentioned above. Carbon preference index (CPI) of normal alkanes and alkanoic acids showed characteristics of biogenic fuel burnings. Burning status significantly influenced the formations of EC and PAHs. The differences between the emission profiles of straw and wood combustions were displayed by the fingerprint compounds, which may be used to identify the contributions between wood and straw burnings in source apportionment researches. 相似文献
6.
Pengjun Xu Bu Tao Zhiqiang Ye Hu Zhao Yue Ren Ting Zhang Yeru Huang Jiping Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(10):102-111
The concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were measured in 23 farmland soil samples and 10 riverine sediment samples from Guiyu, China, and the carcinogenic risks associated with PAHs in the samples were evaluated. Guiyu is the largest electronic waste(EW) dismantling area globally, and has been well known for the primitive and crude manner in which EWs are disposed, such as by open burning and roasting. The total PAH concentrations were 56–567 ng/g in the soils and 181–3034 ng/g in the sediments.The Shanglian and Huamei districts were found to be more contaminated with PAHs than the north of Guiyu. The soils were relatively weakly contaminated but the sediments were more contaminated, and sediments in some river sections might cause carcinogenic risks to the groundwater system. The PAHs in the soils were derived from combustion sources,but the PAHs in the sediments were derived from both combustion and petroleum sources. 相似文献
7.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in urban soil from Beijing, China 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11
LI Xing-hong MA Ling-ling LIU Xiu-fen FU Shan CHENG Hang-xin XU Xiao-bai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2006,18(5):944-950
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (EPA-PAHs) in the urban surface soils from Beijing were determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is significantly complementary for understanding the PAHs pollution in soil of integrated Beijing city on the basis of the information known in the outskirts. The total concentration of 16 EPA-PAH was from 0.467 to 5.470 μg/g and was described by the contour map. Compound profiles presented that the 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs were major compositions. The correlation analysis showed that PAHs have the similar source in the most sampling sites and BaP might be considered as the indicator of PAHs. Characteristic ratios of anthracene (An)/(An+ phenanthrene (Phe)), fluoranthene (Flu)/(Flu/ pyrene (Pyr)) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)/laenzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP) indicated that the PAHs pollutants probably mainly originated from the coal combustion and it was not negligible from vehicular emission. The level of PAHs in our study area was compared with other studies. 相似文献
8.
Genotoxicity evaluation and a primary risk assessment of organic pollutants in the drinking water sources of Nanjing, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An increasing number of industrial, agricultural, and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment leads to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In this study, the comet assay was conducted to investigate the genotoxicity to human body caused by organic concentrates in the drinking water sources of Nanjing City from Yangtze River of China, and health and ecology risk due to expose to these organic pollutants were evaluated with the multimedia environmental assessment system (MEAS). For all the water samples, they were collected from four different locations in the drinking water sourcr samples, es of Nanjing City. The results of the comet assay showed that all the organic concentrates from the water samples could induce different levels DNA damages on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a statistically significant difference (p〈0.01) was observed compared with the solvent control, which demonstrated the genotoxicity was in existence. According to the ambient severity (AS) of individual compound, we had sorted out the main organic pollutants in the drinking water source of the four waterworks, and the results showed that there was some potential hazard to human body for all the source water, namely the total ambient severity (TAS) of health for each water source was more than 1. However, the TAS of ecology for each water source was less than 1, which indicated that it was safe to ecology. The results of this investigation demonstrate the application of the comet assay and the MEAS in aquatic environmental monitoring studies, and the comet assay found to be fast, sensitive, and suitable for genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water source. 相似文献
9.
Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core from Lake Dagze Co, Tibetan Plateau, China: Comparison of three receptor models 下载免费PDF全文
Changchun Huang Yixin Bai Kunlin Shi Heyu Yu Nana Shang Weiyue Hao Chuan Wang Tao Huang Hao Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(11):224-233
Receptor models are a useful tool for identifying sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in multiple environmental media. In this study, three different receptor models (including the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Unmix models) were used to apportion the sources of 16 priority PAHs in a sediment core of Lake Dagze Co. The ∑PAHs (sum of all 16 measured PAHs) concentrations ranged from 51.89 to 132.82 ng/g with an average of 80.39 ng/g. The ∑PAHs were dominated by 2-3 ring PAHs, accounting for 80.12% on average, thereby indicating that they mainly originated from biomass and coal combustion and/or from long-range atmospheric transportation. The three models produced consistent source apportionment results. The greatest contributor to ∑PAHs was biomass combustion, followed by coal combustion, vehicle emissions, and petrogenic sources. Moreover, the temporal variation of the common sources was well-correlated among models. The multi-method comparison and evaluation results showed that all three models were useful tools for source apportionment of PAHs, with the PMF model providing better results than the PCA-MLR and Unmix models. The temporal trends of factor contributions were verified by PAHs with different ring numbers. Significant correlations were found between the simulated concentrations of each source factor and the PAHs with different ring numbers (P<0.01), except for the petrogenic source identified by the Unmix model (P>0.05). This study can provide useful information for further investigation of source apportionment of PAHs in the sediment cores. 相似文献
10.
Natalicio Ferreira Leite Patricio Peralta-Zamor Marco Tadeu Grassi Yutao Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):904-911
The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in surface sediment samples from nine sites
located at the Iguac?u River Basin in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Brazil to evaluate their distribution and sources. The total
concentration of the PAHs was greater for sediments from highly urbanized areas, while the sediments from the Ira′? Environmental
Protection Area (Ira′? EPA) showed significantly low concentrations. The sediments from the Iguac?u and Barigui rivers were classified
as highly contaminated, while those from the Cercado and Curralinho rivers were classified as moderately contaminated. The
predominance of PAHs containing two to four aromatic rings in most of the samples suggested the direct input of raw sewage into the
water resources evaluated. Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were predominant in sediments
from the areas under the greatest urban and industrial development. The correlation between thermodynamic stability and the kinetics
of evolution presented by the isomeric pairs indicated that combustion is the predominant source of PAHs in the sediments because the
combustion of fossil fuels affected most of the points evaluated, followed by combustion of biomass and eventually combustion of oil
product inputs. In general, the results showed that areas under strong urban influence, as well as the Ira′? EPA, receive contributions of
PAHs from similar sources. 相似文献
11.
利用KOC*值判别杭州市地面水中多环芳烃污染来源 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
测定了2002年12月杭州市钱塘江和运河杭州段地面水、底泥和土壤中10种多环芳烃的含量,计算了底泥和土壤中PAHs富集倍数K和有机碳标化表观分配系数KOC*.结果表明,地面水中PAHs总浓度范围为1.104~9.663μg·L-1,底泥中为132.7~7343μg·kg-1(干重),土壤为59.71~219.5μg·kg-1(干重),污染较为严重.钱塘江底泥PAHs的K值随水流而降低,而运河杭州段则增大.钱塘江底泥和土壤的KOC*比值接近1,PAHs主要来自土壤淋溶输入,污染历史不长.运河在城区(如拱宸桥和卖鱼桥)的KKOC*比值远大于1,地面径流输入少,而工业排放输入多,且污染历史较长. 相似文献
12.
利用高效液相色谱法检测杭州青山水库沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,并对其垂直分布特征及来源进行分析。结果表明,青山水库沉积物中共检出属于美国EPA优先控制16种PAHs中的15种,主要单体为芘和菲,各采样点位PAHs总量的浓度在324~881 ng/g(干重)之间,平均值为453 ng/g,属低污染水平。ΣPAHs含量空间分布受人类活动影响较大,以游船码头附近点位沉积物中含量最高;垂直尺度方面,各点位沉积物中ΣPAHs含量均是沉积柱中层最高,自水库底层往上呈现增加再减少的变化过程。沉积物中的多环芳烃以高分子量组分为主,其中4环PAHs含量最高,占比34. 3%~45. 6%。通过特征组分比例可确认其主要来自燃烧源,以油料的不完全燃烧形成的污染输入为主。利用沉积物质量基准法、沉积物质量标准法分别对青山水库沉积物中PAHs的风险评价表明,青山水库沉积物尚不存在严重的多环芳烃生态风险,但按照质量标准法评价有PAHs单体含量超过临界效应浓度值,需加强监测查明污染源,并采取措施控制污染物输入。 相似文献
13.
杭州湾潮滩表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及来源 总被引:21,自引:2,他引:21
对杭州湾潮滩表层沉积物样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定量分析.结果表明,沉积物中PAHs总含量范围为45.78~849.93ng/g.PAHs的空间分布总体呈现钱塘江杭州河段>杭州湾南岸>杭州湾北岸.PAHs含量分布与有机碳(TOC)含量存在良好的线性关系,受人类活动和水动力条件的影响较大.样品中PAHs的燃烧来源所占的比重较大,呈现出油料燃烧与木材、煤燃烧的混合污染来源特征.该地区表层沉积物样品中的PAHs尚未对生物造成显著的负面影响. 相似文献
14.
为了解银川市湖泊及城市河流沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染状况及生态风险,于2018年4~5月在银川市各湖泊及城市河流采集17个表层沉积物样品,采用气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)检测样品中PAHs含量.结果表明,银川市湖泊及城市河流表层沉积物中16种PAHs总含量范围为767.35~3961.53ng/g,平均值为2129.86ng/g,与国内外沉积物中PAHs污染状况相比,银川市湖泊及城市河流沉积物中PAHs污染处于较高水平.来源解析表明,银川市湖泊及城市河流沉积物中主要的污染来源为石油及煤炭等生物质的不完全燃烧.通过效应区间低中值法分析沉积物中PAHs的生态风险评价结果显示,部分采样点表层沉积物中菲的含量超过效应区间中值(ERM);沉积物质量标准法(SQSs)分析沉积物中PAHs生态风险结果表明,萘、苊检测含量在可能效应浓度值(PEL)与频繁效应浓度值(FEL)之间,菲的检测含量高于FEL;风险商值法分析显示苊烯、苊、菲、荧蒽风险熵值RQ>1.综合分析认为沉积物中多环芳烃的污染可能会造成一定程度的生态风险. 相似文献
15.
16.
为探明北运河流域(北京段)多层沉积物中PAHs(多环芳烃)的污染状况,利用活塞式底泥取样器于2014年11月采集了9处沉积物样品,取样深度为30~80 cm,每处样品根据其垂向介质特征大致分成3~4层,分别测定各层样品的粒径、TOM(总有机质)及16种PAHs的质量分数,探讨PAHs在河道沿程与垂向上的分布特征、来源及生态风险评价.结果表明,北运河流域(北京段)沉积物以砂质壤土为主,w(TOM)(以干质量计,下同)为103.4~146.8 g/kg,w(∑16PAHs)为598.1~28 730.6 ng/g,各层w(∑16PAHs)为108.5~8 810.8 ng/g.沉积物中PAHs以高环为主,主要包括有Phe(Phenanthrene,菲)、Fla(Fluoranthene,荧蒽)、Pyr(Pyrene,芘)、BbF〔Benzo(b)fluoranthene,苯并[b]荧蒽〕.在河道沿程变化上,中下游沉积物的污染程度远高于上游.在垂向变化上,w(TOM)和沉积物粒径对PAHs的分布影响有限,PAHs的垂向分布主要受所处沉积环境与历史污染程度影响.根据主成分分析与同分异构体比值法推断,PAHs主要来源于化石燃料与生物燃料的燃烧,少部分为石油源.利用效应区间值得出的生态风险评价结果表明,北运河流域(北京段)沉积物中PAHs可能已对环境产生负面影响,其中BbF、BkF、InP与BgP已对环境产生毒副作用,需要给予关注与解决. 相似文献
17.
18.
于2015年8月采集大冶湖表层沉积物8个及上覆水样8个,使用GC-MS分析16种EPA优控PAHs.结果表明在表层沉积物及水体中ΣPAHs范围分别为:35.94~2 032.73 ng·g-1和27.94~242.95 ng·L~(-1),平均值分别为940.61 ng·g-1和107.77 ng·L~(-1);表层沉积物中PAHs分布呈现湖中高于岸边趋势,水体则呈大致相反趋势,表层沉积物中以4~5环高环化合物为主要组分,在水体中主要以2环以及4环和5环PAHs为主,与国内外其他湖泊相比处于中度污染水平;来源解析表明大冶湖表层沉积物及水体中多环芳烃主要来自于高温燃烧源,沉积物中PAHs高环分子都占据绝大部分,反映出了沉积物受矿冶冶炼长期累积污染的效应;所检测沉积物中各单体PAH及ΣPAHs含量均未超过ERM以及FEL,表明大冶湖表层沉积物中PAHs无潜在生态风险;终生致癌风险评价表明大冶湖水体中PAHs通过摄入和皮肤接触风险都处于USEPA推荐的可接受水平范围之内,但都高于瑞典环保局和英国皇家协会推荐的最大可接受风险水平,需要对7种致癌PAHs污染加以防治. 相似文献
19.
20.
在滦河上、中、下游和河口地区布设了15个采样点,对滦河流域的河水和表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析.结果表明,水中PAHs总量为9.8~310ng.L-1,表层沉积物中PAHs总量最高达478ng.g-1.城市地区河段中PAHs的浓度高于农村河段中PAHs的浓度,河口地区相对中游地区污染较轻.就组成特征而言,水中PAHs以3环(40.9%)、4环(56.2%)为主,表层沉积物中PAHs以3环(30.0%)、4环(39.3%)、5环(15.8%)为主.总的来讲,3环、4环PAHs是滦河流域PAHs最主要的成分.地表水健康风险评价结果显示,韩家营、瀑河口两个采样点苯并[a]芘(BaP)毒性当量值(EBaP)分别为11.8、11.4ng.L-1,超出中国国家环境保护部(CEPA)制定的EBaP=2.8ng.L-1的国家标准,存在不利的健康风险.表层沉积物生态风险评价结果显示,韩家营、上板城、乌龙矶地区的PAHs可能存在着对生物的潜在危害,剩余研究区域不存在生态风险.滦河水和表层沉积物PAHs主要表现为以草、木柴和煤燃烧来源为主的特征,部分样点存在燃油与木柴、煤燃烧的混合来源特征.瀑河口、大黑汀受石油源污染影响明显. 相似文献