GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST凝胶的制备及对亚甲基蓝吸附性能

采用微波辐射技术,通过接枝共聚反应制备了阿拉伯胶（GA）-g-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）/丙烯酸（AA）/海泡石黏土（ST）（GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST）复合水凝胶,利用FTIR、XRD、SEM对复合水凝胶进行了表征,研究了水凝胶对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）染料的吸附性能.结果显示：GA、ST和AA与AMPS发生了接枝共聚反应,形成具有均匀三维网络结构的复合水凝胶.0.025g水凝胶可以使体积为50mL、pH值为6.4、浓度为600mg/L的MB溶液的吸附量和吸附率分别达1146mg/g和95.5%,水凝胶具有较好的重复利用性能.Freundlich等温模型和准二级动力学模型能更好地描述吸附过程.热力学研究表明水凝胶对亚甲基蓝吸附是自发、吸热和不可逆的过程.该水凝胶可用作阳离子染料和阳离子型污染物的潜在候选生物质吸附剂.     

GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST凝胶的制备及对亚甲基蓝吸附性能

采用微波辐射技术,通过接枝共聚反应制备了阿拉伯胶（GA）-g-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）/丙烯酸（AA）/海泡石黏土（ST）（GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST）复合水凝胶,利用FTIR、XRD、SEM对复合水凝胶进行了表征,研究了水凝胶对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）染料的吸附性能.结果显示：GA、ST和AA与AMPS发生了接枝共聚反应,形成具有均匀三维网络结构的复合水凝胶.0.025g水凝胶可以使体积为50mL、pH值为6.4、浓度为600mg/L的MB溶液的吸附量和吸附率分别达1146mg/g和95.5%,水凝胶具有较好的重复利用性能.Freundlich等温模型和准二级动力学模型能更好地描述吸附过程.热力学研究表明水凝胶对亚甲基蓝吸附是自发、吸热和不可逆的过程.该水凝胶可用作阳离子染料和阳离子型污染物的潜在候选生物质吸附剂.     

Adsorption of phenthoate and acetochlor from water by clays and organoclays

IntroductionImmobilizationorseparationofcontaminantscontainedinpollutedwaterisanobjectiveofincreasingimportanceinavarietyofenvironmentalsettings.Theextentofpesticidecontaminationofthewaterenvironmenthasrecentlyraisedmuchconcernbecauseofthepotentialhealthh…     

氨基硫脲改性山竹壳对Cd2+. Pb2+的吸附

采用氨基硫脲改性山竹壳,制备新型的改性山竹壳吸附剂,研究其对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附性能。结果表明,吸附Cd2+、Pb2+的适宜条件为:pH 6.0,吸附时间120 min。改性后山竹吸附剂对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附容量能有了很大程度的提高,Cd2+、Pb2+最大吸附量分别达到39.37、57.14mg/g。吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果优于Freundlich方程。     

活性炭中孔结构对双组分染料的竞争吸附

为探讨GAC(颗粒活性炭)的V_mes(中孔孔容)对双组分染料吸附行为的影响,对GAC进行改性,得到V_mes分别为0.16、0.25、0.30、0.50 cm3/g下的中孔GAC,并对MB(亚甲基蓝)、CV(结晶紫)、MO(甲基橙)进行了单组分和双组分体系的吸附试验.结果表明:①单组分体系中,随着V_mes的增加,各染料的饱和吸附量均增大,MB从88.98 mg/g增至226.69 mg/g;CV从56.04 mg/g增至105.17 mg/g;MO从64.87 mg/g增至129.66 mg/g.②在由MB和MO组成的分子量接近的双组分体系中,两种染料表现为拮抗作用;随着V_mes的增加拮抗作用增强,并且对MB的拮抗作用大于对MO的作用.③在由MB和CV组成的分子量相差较大的双组分体系中,对于分子量较小的染料MB表现出拮抗作用,随着V_mes的增加,拮抗作用逐渐减小;对于分子量较大的染料CV来说,随着V_mes的改变吸附行为发生改变,当V_mes小于0.25 cm3/g时表现为协同作用,大于0.30 cm3/g转变为拮抗作用,并且随着V_mes的增大逐渐增强.研究显示,染料分子的物理形态对双组分物质竞争吸附的影响起到决定性作用,而吸附剂V_mes的增加促进了对单双组分染料分子的吸附容量增加.      

Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions

The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon^-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) followed the pseudo-second-order equation. It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430 mg/g. Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent.     

Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly(acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions

The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(CNMR)), silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy((XPS)). From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II)followed the pseudo-second-order equation. It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430 mg/g. Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly(acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent.     

木耳菌糠生物炭对阳离子染料的吸附性能研究

为了有效处理印染废水,以废弃木耳菌糠（AG）为原料,采用限氧热解法在350、550、750℃的温度下制备木耳菌糠生物炭（AGBC）,处理含有孔雀石绿（MG）、番红花红T （ST）的有色废水.考察了不同初始pH值、吸附时间、初始浓度对AGBC吸附MG、ST的影响,讨论了吸附动力学及等温吸附特性.并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等技术对吸附前后的菌糠生物炭进行表征,探究吸附机理.结果表明：随着热解温度的升高,吸附剂表面的含氧官能团数量逐渐减少,而比表面积和芳香化程度逐渐增加.MG的平衡吸附量随溶液pH值的升高而增大,而ST的平衡吸附量呈现相反趋势.AGBC对MG、ST的吸附分别在8h和4h基本达到平衡.AGBC对MG的吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型与Freundlich模型,说明吸附过程以物理吸附为主;对ST的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型与Freundlich模型,说明吸附过程以化学吸附为主.与AG350和AG550相比,AG750对MG和ST的吸附量更高,经Langmuir模型拟合,其对MG和ST的最大吸附量分别为10249.79mg/g、3353.49mg/g.吸附机理表明,AGBC对MG的吸附主要为静电引力和π-π共轭作用,对ST的吸附主要为氢键作用、π-π共轭作用以及静电引力.说明AGBC对阳离子染料具有一定的吸附潜力,是一种经济高效的吸附材料.     

Dye removal from wastewater using the adsorbent developed from sewage sludge

Introduction Adsorptionisrelevantinenvironmentalpollutionandprotectionwithreferencetowaterandwastewatertreatment(Bowen,1992).Toxicmaterials,hazardousionsanddyes fromindustrialeffluentsbythewayofadsorptionareofgreatsignificantinconnectionwithenvironmentala…     

膨润土-白云石复合吸附剂对Fe2+和Mn2+的吸附性能

针对煤矿排出的大量含重金属离子的酸性矿山废水污染问题,采用自制膨润土-白云石复合颗粒吸附剂对含Fe2+和Mn2+的酸性矿山废水进行吸附试验研究。结果表明:膨润土-白云石复合颗粒吸附剂释放总碱度达118.39mg/g(以CaCO3计),可中和酸性矿山废水;随着废水中Fe2+和Mn2+浓度增加,膨润土复合颗粒吸附剂的吸附量在不断增加,且大于原膨润土颗粒吸附剂;建立了膨润土复合颗粒吸附剂对Fe2+和Mn2+的吸附等温式和吸附动力学方程式:膨润土复合颗粒吸附剂对Fe2+的吸附符合BET吸附,对Mn2+的吸附符合Freundlich吸附,对Fe2+、Mn2+的吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学。膨润土-白云石复合颗粒吸附剂既能释放碱度、又对Fe2+和Mn2+具有优良的吸附性能,可作为处理含重金属离子酸性矿山废水的绿色环保矿物材料应用于实际。     

Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite

The adsorption behavior of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite was investigated.Natural bentonite from Gaozhou in Guangdong Province,China was collected.Organo-bentonite was prepared by intercalation of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide into the natural bentonite.The physicochemical properties of the prepared organo-bentonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that montmorillonite is the main component of the natural bentonite.The basal spacing of the natural bentonite is 1.47 nm,which increased to 1.98 nm on intercalation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.Moreover,both the surface area and pore volume increased with intercalation.Clear CH2 stretching(3000-2800 cm-1) and scissoring(1480-1450 cm-1) modes of the intercalated surfactants were observed for organobentonite.Compared with the pseudo first-order kinetic model,the pseudo second-order kinetic model is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite.The adsorption capacity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite increased with increasing initial concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage.The adsorption isotherm of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite fits well with the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of organo-bentonite for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was 33.61 mg/g,indicating that organo-bentonite is a promising adsorbent for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.     

污泥与煤共热解制备吸附剂及其对活性艳红X-3B的吸附性能

以污水处理站脱水污泥和煤为原料共热解制备吸附剂,将其用于活性艳红X-3B模拟染料废水的吸附处理.考察了吸附时间,温度,pH及吸附剂投加量对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和热力学特性进行了探讨.结果表明:所制备吸附剂的碘吸附值为321.62 mg/g,产率为44.85%,比表面积为189.23 m2>/sup>/g,浸出液中未检测出重金属;吸附剂对活性艳红X-3B的去除率随吸附时间、温度和吸附剂投加量的增加均增大,并逐渐趋于平衡,而随pH的增加而减小;吸附剂对活性艳红X-3B的吸附动力学比较符合伪二级吸附动力学方程和二阶段吸附动力学方程,颗粒内扩散过程是吸附速率的控制步骤,但不是唯一的速率控制步骤;Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述该吸附行为;吸附焓变(ΔH0>/sup>)>0,吸附是一个吸热过程,提高温度有利于吸附的进行,吸附自由能变(ΔG0>/sup>)<0,吸附过程为自发进行,吸附熵变(ΔS0>/sup>)>0.      

改性膨润土的制备及其对Cr~(6+)的吸附研究

探讨了膨润土提纯土、有机改性土及锰化改性土在静态吸附条件下吸附Cr6+的最佳条件。同时进行了等温吸附研究,结果表明Freundlich吸附等温线模式能很好地描述改性膨润土对Cr6+的吸附。最后进行了改性膨润土吸附Cr6+的动力学研究,发现改性膨润土对Cr6+具有良好的吸附性能,动力学数据满足准二级动力学方程。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺改性膨润土对靛蓝的吸附性能

采用CPAM(阳离子聚丙烯酰胺)改性膨润土作为吸附材料,对靛蓝进行吸附研究,考察膨润土投加量、溶液的pH、反应温度、吸附时间及溶液初始ρ(靛蓝)对吸附效果的影响,并对膨润土的性能进行了表征. 结果表明,CPAM改性膨润土对靛蓝的去除率随着投加量的增加迅速增加,最佳投加量为3g/L,达到吸附平衡所需时间为40min. 当溶液pH为4.0~10.0时,CPAM改性膨润土均能保持较大吸附量,并且pH的变化对吸附量影响较小;当溶液pH大于10.0时,吸附量明显降低. CPAM改性膨润土对靛蓝的吸附动力学符合拟一级动力学方程,热力学符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,回归系数均达0.99以上;pH为6.0时,最大吸附量为5287.0mg/g,是未改性膨润土吸附量的21.4倍,吸附性能比未改性膨润土有显著提高. 通过比表面积的测定及红外光谱和透射电子显微镜分析发现,CPAM与钠基膨润土土层中的阳离子发生离子交换反应,CPAM改性膨润土疏水性增强,层间结构发生变化,同时外比表面积增大,对有机染料的吸附作用增加,说明改性后的膨润土在结构和性能上明显优于未改性膨润土.      

毒死蜱和三唑磷在膨润土和腐殖质上的热力学吸附及影响因素

采用平衡法研究膨润土和腐殖质对毒死蜱和三唑磷的吸附规律及影响因素.结果表明,腐殖质对2种农药的吸附能力均大于膨润土,毒死蜱和三唑磷在腐殖质上的吸附行为均可用Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型描述,相关系数分别为:R2(毒死蜱)0.9964和0.9963;R2(三唑磷)0.9989和0.9924;膨润土对2种农药的等温吸附线可用Langmuir模型拟合,相关系数为:R2=0.9957(毒死蜱)、R2=0.9989(三唑磷).pH条件、吸附时间和温度均对吸附有影响.腐殖质、膨润土混合吸附剂对2种农药的吸附平衡时间分别为:毒死蜱12h,三唑磷6h.腐殖质﹕膨润土质量比分别达12%和14%时对三唑磷和毒死蜱的吸附最为强烈并趋于饱和.通过计算不同温度各热力学参数ΔG、ΔH和ΔS,理论上证实该吸附为一自发的放热过程,在pH=6.0,温度为15℃时,吸附效果最佳.     

壳聚糖/改性平菇复合吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附特性

以壳聚糖和经酒石酸改性的平菇粉末为材料,通过戊二醛进行交联反应,制得壳聚糖-改性平菇凝胶小球（CMPOD）复合生物吸附剂,用于水溶液中Cr（VI）的吸附去除.结果表明,在实验所测pH值（2~10）范围内,复合吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附量随着pH值上升而降低;随着Cr（VI）初始浓度或温度的提高,吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附量均相应增加,当Cr（VI）初始浓度为600mg/L,温度为50℃,Cr（VI）吸附量可达190mg/g以上;Cr（VI）的吸附符合准二级动力学方程及Freundlich等温吸附模型;热力学分析表明,吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附过程为自发的吸热反应.扫描电镜（SEM）分析显示,吸附剂具有发达的网状结构,吸附Cr（VI）后网状孔隙被填充,且能谱分析（EDS）出现明显的Cr（VI）吸收峰;傅立叶红外光谱分析（FTIR）表明,壳聚糖中的氨基成功引入复合吸附剂中,在Cr（VI）吸附中为主要作用官能团.     

Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物的制备及其对水中As(Ⅲ)的去除

采用共沉淀法制备了新型Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物吸附剂,并对其表面特性及除砷性能进行了初步研究。比表面和孔隙测试结果表明:2种Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物TF和TM的比表面积分别为148.6,147.6 m2/g,平均孔径分别为6.2,6.5 nm。Lagergren二级吸附动力学模型,可以很好地描述Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物吸附去除As(Ⅲ)的动力学过程。Freundlich和Langmuir方程均能较好地描述Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物吸附As(Ⅲ)的过程,而且Freundlich方程的拟合效果更好(R2>0.96);TF和TM对As(Ⅲ)的饱和吸附容量分别达到76.92,38.76 mg/g。当PO34-浓度小于2 mmol/L时,TF和TM对As(Ⅲ)的去除率分别可以达到空白样的90%和80%以上;浓度为10 mmol/L时,去除率也可分别达到60%和55%。Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物能够有效减轻PO34-对吸附性能的抑制。     

Enhanced adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by chitosan-g-poly （acrylic acid）/vermiculite hydrogel composites

A series of chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/vermiculite hydrogel composites were synthesized and used as adsorbents for the investigation of the e ect of process parameters such as vermiculite content, pH of dye solution, contact time, initial concentration of dye solution, temperature, ionic strength and concentration of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate on the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The results showed that the adsorption capacity for dye increased with increasing pH, contact time and initial dye concentration, but decreased with increasing temperature, ionic strength and sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration in the present of the surfactant. The adsorption kinetics of MB onto the hydrogel composite followed pseudo second-order kinetics and the adsorption equilibrium data obeyed Langmuir isotherm. By introducing 10 wt.% vermiculite into chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid) polymeric network, the obtaining hydrogel composite showed the highest adsorption capacity for MB, and then could be regarded as a potential adsorbent for cationic dye removal in a wastewater treatment process.     

CTMAB有机膨润土对水中磷酸盐的吸附去除作用

研究了天然膨润土、钠化膨润土和CTMAB（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵）有机改性膨润土对水中磷酸盐的吸附去除作用,考察了膨润土用量、振荡时间、溶液pH对磷酸盐吸附的影响,并绘制了吸附等温线。结果表明：CTMAB有机膨润土的吸附能力远大于原土,当pH值在酸性范围内时,磷酸盐的去除效率较高,吸附是一个快速的过程,可在60min内达到吸附平衡,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。膨润土储量丰富、价廉易得,其改性产物可以成为处理磷酸盐污染,降低水体富营养化污染的高效吸附剂。     

乌贼墨黑色素对Pb2+-Cu2+二元体系的吸附性能研究

为探索新型生物吸附剂，以乌贼墨黑色素（SIM）为吸附剂，研究Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺单组分溶液及Pb²⁺-Cu²⁺二元混合体系中SIM对Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的吸附效果并构建等温吸附模型.结果表明，pH值、SIM添加量、吸附时间对SIM吸附Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺的吸附量影响较大，而吸附温度对吸附效果影响较小；单组分吸附与二元混合体系吸附对比表明，二元混合体系中Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺存在竞争吸附.应用L （Langmuir）和F （Freundlich）等温吸附模型拟合了SIM对Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺单组分金属离子的吸附过程，其中L模型与试验结果拟合度更高；应用Non-modified Langmuir、Modified Langmuir isotherm、Extended Langmuir、Extended Freundlich和SRS模型5种模型对Pb²⁺-Cu²⁺二元混合体系的等温吸附过程进行拟合，其中Extended Langmuir模型与试验结果拟合度最佳.应用红外光谱（FTIR）分析SIM吸附金属离子的原理时发现，SIM上羟基、-NH和不饱和键是金属离子的吸附位点，且SIM对Pb²⁺的吸附能力优于对Cu²⁺的吸附.