Energy policy, planning and the environment in developing countries

MICROCOSM is a modified system dynamics model of the energy sector of a developing country, intended for energy analysis work of short duration in small, data-poor economies. It is also quite useful for quick survey use on a regional or national basis in more complex economies and assists in early identification of sectoral bottlenecks in major energy planning projects. Its other major application is in the teaching and training of energy planners and policy makers. MICROCOSM is an indicative planning tool for professionals in the energy-planning field. It does not present an optimal solution to balancing energy supply and demand, but is intended for circumstances where there are insufficient data to reach such conclusions. The purpose of this article is to explain the way in which the model works, as well as the equations upon which it is based. It concentrates on the conceptual basis and methodology, in order to assist the reader in understanding the model.     

Ecosystem and biodiversity conservation planning in Hiroshima City,Japan

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基于GIS的重庆市旅游资源评价、分析与规划研究

运用层次分析法定量地对重庆市主要自然和人文景区(点)的旅游资源进行综合评价,然后借助GIS技术,对旅游资源的结构和空间分布特征进行分析。综合评价和GIS空间分析结果表明:在重庆市的旅游资源结构中,自然资源起着基础作用,人文、社会景观为其重要组成部分;在空间分布上,重庆市旅游资源呈现“带状”、“圈状”的分布特征,地域空间分布不平衡。最后,在GIS技术支持下,对重庆市旅游资源进行了概念规划,得到4个结构区,并提出每个规划区发展的整体思路和方向。