Cover features and new Associate Editors of the Journal of Environmental Sciences

正We are very pleased to announce that five Associate Editors have joined the editorial team of the Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES).Professors/Drs.Yong Cai,Paul Lam,Jonathan Martin,Michael Plewa,and Po Keung Wong bring a wealth of expertise in environmental sciences.As preeminent scientists in their chosen areas of research,they have made outstanding contributions to the discipline of environmental     

Combined amendment reduces soil Cd availability and rice Cd accumulation in three consecutive rice planting seasons

The scientific application of stabilized materials has been considered an effective method for the in situ remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of the effect of a combined amendment of limestone and sepiolite(LS) on soil Cd availability and accumulation in rice grown in a mildly Cd-contaminated paddy field(0.45 mg/kg of Cd) over three consecutive rice seasons. 1125–4500 kg/ha of LS was applied to the soil before the first rice planting season and 5...     

News: Eight research teams receive Outstanding Publication Awards

<正>Eight research groups have been nominated and selected to receive Outstanding Publication Awards,in recognition of their significant contributions to the Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES)through their scholarly publications.The award recipients were celebrated and invited to present their recent     

The Second Sino-FrenchWorkshop on Atmospheric Environment (Orleans, December 2010): Preface

A sound scientific understanding of the factors affecting the environment is essential to guarantee the sustainable development of the world's economic and societal activities.Many environmental issues,such as air quality and climate change are intimately linked to atmospheric chemistry and physics,therefore research in these areas is of tremendous importance.Both anthropogenic and biogenic emissions contribute greatly to the chemical composition of the atmosphere.Even though the atmosphere is a self-cleaning system through its photochemically-driven reactions,the hazardous direct impacts of primary and secondary pollutants on human health and ecosystems are observable and have been evidenced on different scales from local to global (e.g.ozone hole,climate change,air quality…).The chemical processing of the species present in the atmosphere is one of the most important players in driving the evolution of the atmosphere.     

Concentrations and distribution of novel brominated flame retardants in the atmosphere and soil of Ny-Ålesund and London Island, Svalbard, Arctic

Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were investigated in Arctic air and soil samples collected from Ny-Ålesund and London Island, Svalbard, during Chinese scientific research expeditions to the Arctic during 2014–2015. The concentrations of Σ₉NBFRs in the Arctic air and soil were 4.9–8.7 pg/m³ (average 6.8 pg/m³) and 101–201 pg/g dw (average 150 pg/g dw), respectively. The atmospheric concentration of hexabromobenzene (HBB) was significantly correlated with that of pentabromotoluene (PBT) and pentabromobenzene (PBBz), suggesting similar source and environmental fate in the Arctic air. No significant spatial difference was observed among the different sampling sites, both for air and soil samples, indicating that the effects of the scientific research stations on the occurrence of NBFRs in the Arctic were minor. The fugacities from soil to air of pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), and decabromodiphenylethane 1,2-bis (pentabromophenyl) ethane (DBDPE) were lower than the equilibrium value, indicating a nonequilibrium state of these compounds between air and soil, the dominant impact of deposition and the net transport from air to soil. The correlation analysis between the measured and predicted soil-atmosphere coefficients based on the absorption model showed that the impact of the soil organic matter on the distribution of NBFRs in the Arctic region was minor. To the best of our knowledge, this work is one of the limited reports on atmospheric NBFRs in the Arctic and the first study to investigate the occurrence and fate of NBFRs in the Arctic soil.     

Estimating source strengths of HCl and SO2 emissions in the flue gas from waste incineration

HCl and SO_2 emission is one of the major concerns related to municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI). In this study, a material flow analysis model was developed to estimate the HCl and SO_2 concentrations in the MSWI flue gases(FGs), and their concentrations in the full-scale MSWI were monitored. The calculated concentrations of HCl and SO_2 in the FG were 770–1300 mg/Nm~3 and 150–640 mg/Nm~3, respectively, in close agreement with the monitored values. More than 99% of Cl and 92% of S from the FG were captured into solid residues by the air pollution control(APC) systems. Moreover, since only 48.4%–67.5% of Cl and 21.3%–53.4% of S were transferred to the FG from the municipal solid waste(MSW), it was more reliable to estimate the source strengths and release amounts of HCl and SO_2 in the FG based on the amounts of Cl and S in the APC residues(AR) and exhaust gas rather than in the MSW. This simple method is easily applicable and the estimated results could provide scientific basis for the appropriate design and operation of the APC systems as well as corrosion control of heat recovery systems.     

CH4 emission and conversion from A2O and SBR processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants

Wastewater treatment systems are important anthropogenic sources of CH4emission. A full-scale experiment was carried out to monitor the CH4 emission from anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process(A2O) and sequencing batch reactor(SBR) wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) for one year from May 2011 to April 2012. The main emission unit of the A2O process was an oxic tank, accounting for 76.2% of CH4emissions; the main emission unit of the SBR process was the feeding and aeration phase, accounting for 99.5% of CH4emissions. CH4can be produced in the anaerobic condition, such as in the primary settling tank and anaerobic tank of the A2O process. While CH4can be consumed in anoxic denitrification or the aeration condition, such as in the anoxic tank and oxic tank of the A2O process and the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4emission flux and the dissolved CH4concentration rapidly decreased in the oxic tank of the A2O process. These metrics increased during the first half of the phase and then decreased during the latter half of the phase in the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4oxidation rate ranged from 32.47% to 89.52%(mean: 67.96%) in the A2O process and from 12.65% to 88.31%(mean: 47.62%) in the SBR process. The mean CH4 emission factors were 0.182 g/ton of wastewater and 24.75 g CH4 /(person·year) for the A2O process, and 0.457 g/ton of wastewater and 36.55 g CH4 /(person·year) for the SBR process.     

Management of process performance at low water temperatures in respect of filamentous organisms

The management of sludge-settling properties in Nordic conditions is of importance during the low temperature (spring) season because of the peak settler load. A survey was made in 10 Finnish waste water treatment plants(WWTP‘ s) and the total extended filament length and DSVI in haft of the plants exceeded the limits, which indicates sludge bulking( 15 km/g SS and 150 ml/g respectively). The dominant organism was Microthrix parvicella, the abundance of which was 59.22% of total extended filament length on average.Chemicals were tested to control the filaments, and it was found that special attention has to be paid to maintaining the nitrification at low temperature. A dosage of(H2O2-besed) oxidants controlled the growth of Microthrix parvicella effectively and rapidly, whereas with the use of aluminium hydroxidechloride a 2 to 5-week period was needed to decrease the filament length.     

Introduction of DWSEC

The Drinking Water Science and Engineering Center (DWSEC) is based on the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry in the Research Center of Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES),the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Through integration of other pertinent research forces in the RCEES and establishment of strategic cooperative relations with water-related industries and institutions,DWSEC is aimed to provide a scientific and technological platform for     

Significant developments for the Journal of Environmental Sciences in 2014

<正>First of all,it is my honor to announce that Professor X.Chris Le has been appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES)after an international search and selection by the committee members of the Research Center of Eco-environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Professor Hongxiao Tang,the former Editor-in-Chief,wanted to retire considering his age.Professor Tang has been working with us as Editor-in-Chief from 2008to 2014.During this period,JES has made signification achievements     

浅析连云港市工业废水处理设施所存在的问题

根据连云港市污染物排放量的比较和污染减排任务的要求,选取COD和NH3-N 2种具有代表性的污染物,详细研究连云港市工业行业的COD和NH3-N产、排量,根据数据测算出所占排放量比重,对比重较大的饮料制造业、食品加工业和化学品原料及化学品制造业的污染治理设施进行了详细调查,发现治理设施大部分为生物接触氧化法等废水生物处理法进行有机物治理.总结了连云港市在工业废水处理设施中存在的问题,提出对策与建议.     

土壤整体质量的生态毒性评价

土壤样品采自沈阳西部污灌区 .进行了污染物 (重金属和矿物油 )含量分析和生态毒性试验 .重金属采用原子吸收分光光度仪测定 ,矿物油采用紫外分光光度计测定 .生态毒性试验分别参照国际标准组织 (ISO)和OECD指南 ,进行了植物毒性试验、蚯蚓毒性试验和蚕豆根尖微核试验 .植物试验以小麦种子发芽根伸长抑制率为试验终点 ,试验周期50h ,蚯蚓毒性试验以蚯蚓死亡率、体重增长抑制率为试验终点 ,试验周期28d .土壤中矿物油含量在145mg/kg～1121mg/kg ,重金属Cd为0.34mg/kg～1.81mg/kg .土壤对植物和蚯蚓显示不同程度的毒性效应 ,土壤的蚕豆根尖微核率明显高于对照 .种子发芽根伸长抑制率为2.0%至-35.1% ,蚯蚓死亡率为0%～40%.体重增长抑制率由14d的-2.3%～-19.4%在28d增加到-2.1%～10.7% ,蚕豆根尖微核率最高达6.62/100.研究表明 ,土壤中的污染物积累较低 ,但具有明显的生态毒性 .     

多目标规划在预测区域总产值-排污-水质协调解中的应用研究

以某区域水环境－经济系统为研究实例，寻求值－排污－水质综合协调解方法，寻求净收益最大时的总体规划方案。建立目标参数规划模型，寻求不同生产规模条件下的产值－排污－水质协调解，又探讨了水环境标准约束下的某化工区废水治理费用的计算方法，提出了以供决策者选择的方案。     

论给水管材发展的新趋向

本文从给水管材的发展阶段、国内外给水管材的发展动向详细地阐述了我国现阶段给水管材的应用和未来发展趋向，提出了我们现在面临的问题和发展前景。     

国际化学危险品分类体系简介

介绍了当前国际化学危险品的各种分类体系,对比了GHS与TDG、EU_CLP、DOT、WHMIS等对化学危险品的具体分类。有助于GHS的理解与掌握,全面推进GHS在我国的实施。     

滇池富营养化特性评价

介绍了滇池水质状况,对滇池富营养化特性进行了分析和评价,并提出了对策.     

学生食堂优化管理的数学模型

从学生食堂的设备及场所、物资的储存与购入、工作人员的管理及就餐者对食堂的要求这4个方面描述了各自对学生食堂管理的影响,得出了评估学生食堂优劣的一般公式Y=n∑i=1ωixi,并着重解决了学生就餐排队等待时间太长的问题,分析了该等待问题在排队论中所属的模型,解决了该课题要研究的问题的一般情况和个别案例,确定了各参数之间的关系.通过分析,得出了最优排队模型、费用模型及服务台数,并证明了最优模型的一般性.     

哈尔滨松北区城市湿地的生态安全分析

以哈尔滨松北区城市湿地为研究对象,选择10个指标,采用因子分析法和聚类分析法,研究了松花江发生污染事故前后城市湿地的生态安全状况.结果表明:发生污染前哈尔滨松北区城市湿地东区的生态安全程度最高,发生污染后中区的生态安全程度最低;西区的抗干扰能力较差.各主因子中以水因子的下降幅度最大,说明水污染直接影响了哈尔滨松北区城市湿地的生态安全.最后有针对性地提出了哈尔滨松北区城市湿地的生态安全对策.     

后勤装备防腐涂层加速试验环境谱研究

结合后勤装备服役特点,综合考虑亚热带沿海地区湿热、紫外光照、盐雾等主要腐蚀因素的影响,建立了适用于后勤装备表面涂层的加速试验环境谱,给出了各环境块的具体确定方法,并且提出了建立加速谱与装备实际使用环境的当量加速关系的方法。为后勤装备外露关键部位涂层使用寿命评定、涂层有效性检验和腐蚀修理方案制定提供了重要的依据。