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1.
采用共沉淀法制备磁性埃洛石复合材料,并对其吸附十八烷胺的行为进行研究.利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电子显微电镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对磁性埃洛石进行表征,研究吸附剂浓度、吸附时间、溶液p H值和温度对十八烷胺在磁性埃洛石上吸附的影响,采用Lagrange准二级动力学方程、Langmuir等温线方程及Freundlich等温线方程对实验数据进行拟合.结果表明:Fe3O4纳米粒子成功的负载到埃洛石的表面;p H值和温度对十八烷胺在磁性埃洛石上的吸附影响较大;十八烷胺在磁性埃洛石上的吸附符合二级动力学模型;热力学符合Langmuir等温线方程,并且高温利于十八烷胺的吸附.  相似文献   

2.
采用化学共沉淀法成功制备了磁性埃洛石,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等手段详细表征了改性前后埃洛石的结构和形态,并采用静态批量平衡法对Co(Ⅱ)在磁性埃洛石上的吸附行为和机理进行探究,考察了料液比、平衡时间、p H值和温度等因素对吸附的影响.实验结果表明:温度为50℃时,Co(Ⅱ)在磁性埃洛石上的最大吸附容量为17.5mg·g-1.p H7.5时,随着p H增加,吸附量增大;当p H=7.5时,吸附量达到最大;以后即使p H增大,吸附量也不会明显变化.动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程;热力学过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线;升高温度利于Co(Ⅱ)在磁性埃洛石上吸附.  相似文献   

3.
铝改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附水溶液中砷的性能研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
采用湿法与干法相结合的方法合成铝改性粉煤灰漂珠环境材料,借助静态吸附实验研究吸附剂量、pH值、离子强度、共存离子、反应时间和温度对其吸附水溶液中砷性能的影响,并进行吸附等温线和动力学拟合.结果表明:铝改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附水中As(V)的最佳pH值范围为中性偏酸;混合离子和H2PO4-对As(V)的吸附影响较大,CO32-次之;离子强度对As(V)吸附的影响不明显;在温度298K、吸附剂量2.5g/L和反应时间24h的条件下,最大吸附容量约5000μg/g;吸附等温线符合Langmuir单层吸附模型;动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型.  相似文献   

4.
文章以生物质炭为吸附剂,研究了其对以孔雀石绿和酸性橙Ⅱ两种染料作为水污染物时的吸附行为,并且探讨了初始浓度、温度、离子强度及溶液p H值等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明吸附符合准二级动力学方程;离子强度对吸附效果贡献不大;随着p H值的增加,生物质炭对孔雀石绿的吸附量增加,而对酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附量降低;吸附热力学研究表明,吸附过程为自发的吸热反应,用Langmuir方程能够更好地对吸附等温线进行拟合。  相似文献   

5.
该实验研究了针铁矿(α-Fe OOH)对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的影响因素、吸附等温线和吸附动力学。探讨在不同初始浓度、p H、吸附剂的量、离子强度条件下针铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性。结果表明,针铁矿的吸附平衡时间为30 min;p H为3时,针铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效率最高;Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为15 mg/L时,最佳针铁矿投加量为2 g/L;Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随离子强度的升高而降低;温度升高,Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随之升高。分别用Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin等温模型对不同条件下针铁矿吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的实验结果进行模拟,结果表明用Freundlich方程的拟合效果最佳,在35℃时相关性达到了0.995 2。针铁矿吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学满足准二级动力学方程,吸附表观活化能Ea=31.306 k J/mol。实验结果表明,针铁矿在废水除铬(Ⅵ)领域有实际应用的潜力。  相似文献   

6.
本研究用Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和NaOH合成羟基铁并对膨润土进行覆膜。探索最宜覆膜方式,并考察吸附剂投加量与pH值对覆膜膨润土吸附砷的影响,并采用Langmuir、Freundlich吸附等温线模型和准一级动力学模型、准二级动力学模型对实验数据进行拟合。结果表明:当铁碱比为1∶2时以及水样pH=4.5时,吸附效果最佳;覆膜膨润土对砷的吸附符合Freundlich方程和准二级动力学模型,最大吸附量为40.69 mg/g,存在明显的化学吸附。  相似文献   

7.
采用湿法+干法制备铝改性漂珠材料,借助静态吸附实验研究吸附剂用量、pH值、共存离子、反应时间和反应温度对去除水溶液中氟离子性能的影响,并对实验数据进行吸附等温线和动力学拟合。结果表明:铝改性漂珠材料吸附水中氟离子的最佳pH值为3;最佳吸附剂用量2.5 g/L;共存离子影响由强到弱的顺序为H2PO4-,SO42-和NO3-的混合物﹥H2PO4-﹥SO42-﹥NO3-;在温度298 K、吸附剂用量2.5 g/L、pH值为3和反应时间24 h的条件下,最大吸附容量约10.2 mg/g;吸附等温线符合Langmuir单层吸附模型;动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型。  相似文献   

8.
通过水热法对冷冻干燥得到的雨生红球藻粉(PRCP)进行改性,合成了磁性γ-Fe2O3/PRCP,并采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、BET等方法对材料的形貌和结构进行了表征,通过静态吸附实验分别探究了不同pH值、初始铀浓度、温度、时间等对铀酰离子吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在初始pH=6时,材料对铀的吸附效果最好.从吸附动力学看,吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型.通过对材料进行热力学模型拟合发现,在25℃、pH=6时材料吸附过程更符合Langmuir方程,且随着溶液中初始铀酰离子浓度的升高,材料表现出了更好的吸附效果.  相似文献   

9.
以泰乐菌素作为目标有机污染物,系统研究了不同来源的纳米黑炭与腐殖酸的复合物对泰乐菌素的吸附特性和机制.结果表明:黑炭与腐殖酸复合后其对泰乐菌素的吸附明显增强;吸附在24h可完全达到平衡,吸附动力学可以用二级动力学较好的拟合;且线性吸附模型和Freundlich吸附模型可以较好的拟合吸附等温线;黑炭与腐殖酸复合后其对泰乐菌素的吸附受溶液p H值和离子强度的影响.吸附机制主要以疏水性分配、氢键作用和离子交换为主.  相似文献   

10.
制备高温焙烧改性底泥作为吸附剂,采用静态吸附试验来研究其吸附废水中重金属Mn~(2+)的效果。分别对高温焙烧改性底泥吸附重金属Mn~(2+)的影响因素(Mn~(2+)的质量浓度、吸附时间、p H、吸附剂的投加量)及吸附动力学进行研究。结果表明:改性底泥吸附Mn~(2+)的浓度为10 mg/L、平衡时间为130 min、p H为中性偏酸(范围4~7)、投加量为30 g/L时效果最佳,并对数据进行拟合且符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,但拟合效果更好地符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。在高温焙烧改性底泥对Mn~(2+)的吸附阶段用伪一级吸附动力学方程和伪二级吸附动力学方程进行拟合,其结果表明吸附过程更好地遵循伪二级吸附动力学方程,表明以化学吸附为主,对Mn~(2+)的平衡吸附量为11.560 7 mg/g。  相似文献   

11.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

13.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

14.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

15.
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.  相似文献   

16.
RemovalofheavymetalsfromsewagesludgebylowcostingchemicalmethodandrecyclinginagricultureWuQitang,NyirandegePascasie,MoCehuiF...  相似文献   

17.
Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury (HgT), combinative mercury (Hgc) and gaseous mercury (HgG), and content of total organic carbon (TOC), but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of (HgG,/HgT)1992〉(HgG/HgT)1996〉〉(HgG/HgT)2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn: with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants (e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum) are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.  相似文献   

18.
Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.  相似文献   

19.
A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several (halo)aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no (chloro)catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.  相似文献   

20.
Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury (Hg) on urease activity in 4 soils (meadow burozem and phaeozem) was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase (up to 13%-21%) in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship (P〈0.05) between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose (ED50) values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.  相似文献   

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