利用含油碳酸钙污泥制备橡胶填充剂

本文以中原油田含油碳酸钙污泥为研究对象,根据高分子理论化学和橡胶工程理论,论证了油田含油碳酸钙污泥开发含油橡胶填充剂的理论基础。经粉体加工,将含油碳酸钙污泥制备成实验用橡胶填充剂。通过橡胶工程实验及产品测试,结果表明,与正在使用的普通碳酸钙和纳米碳酸钙填充剂相比,含油碳酸钙污泥制备的填充剂对橡胶制品的性能没有明显的影响;在分散性、橡胶网状分子的交联性、磨耗、回弹性等方面,较普通碳酸钙和纳米碳酸钙的填充效果稍优。     

超细煤矸石矿粉作天然橡胶补强填充剂的性能研究

以煤矸石为原料，通过超细粉碎、表面改性等深度加工，制取了一种新的橡胶补强剂，并对煤矸石作补强剂影响因素进行初步的研究，实验表明它能够取代或部分取代炭黑用作天然橡胶的补强剂。     

碱厂白泥在电厂烟气脱硫中的工业化实践

白泥治理和综合利用是氨碱厂的一大技术难题。白泥用于电厂烟气脱硫既可以消化废弃物白泥,又可以削减二氧化硫的排放,可实现"以废治废",并可取得环境效益和经济效益的双赢。本文在对白泥的产生、性状以及青岛碱厂白泥成分和粒度特征进行分析的基础上,对比了国内外制碱企业对于白泥的处置方法,并在华电青岛发电有限公司1#发电机组进行了白泥烟气脱硫工业化试验,结果表明:白泥脱硫效率大幅度提高,稳定在90%以上;同时也减少了电厂海水和曝气风机的使用,达到了节能减排的效果。     

黄原胶对多硫化钙还原地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

通过加入黄原胶对流体进行黏度改性,增强修复剂在地下非均质环境中的迁移性能和污染物的接触效率,从而提高修复效率。实验重点研究了在黄原胶存在条件下,各因素(黄原胶浓度、多硫化钙剂量、地下水离子)对多硫化钙处理Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。结果表明,黄原胶对Cr(Ⅵ)去除具有一定抑制作用且在反应45 min内符合二级动力学方程;多硫化钙剂量对Cr(Ⅵ)去除影响显著:随着多硫化钙剂量的增加,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率显著增加,但增加到1.25×后,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率增速减缓;HCO_3~-具有抑制作用,Mg~(2+)具有促进作用,NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-、Ca~(2+)和K~+影响很小。     

功能填充剂对丁基橡胶吸声性能的影响

为了提高吸声橡胶在深水环境下的吸声性能,从声学填料角度考虑,以无机中空微球、片状结构填充剂和重金属微球等填料为研究对象,考察了声学填料对高静水压力环境下丁基橡胶声学性能的影响。试验结果表明,与传统吸声填料蛭石相比,通过多种功能填充剂的优选并用,有效提高了丁基橡胶在高水压下的吸声性能。     

白泥烟气脱硫的应用

综述了国内碱厂白泥用于烟气脱硫的研究现状。用白泥作脱硫剂脱除烟气中的SO2,不仅可以降低运行费用,还可以“以废治废”,使经济与环保共赢,具有广泛的开发前景。     

激发剂对钢渣复合胶凝材料再利用

炼钢过程中产生的废渣则为钢渣,主要原料为钢渣,可作为循环再利用材料,将少量激发剂掺入,分析激发剂对钢渣胶凝材料性能所产生的影响。钢渣中掺入激发剂后,其活性显著提高,将早期钢渣胶凝材料性能极大改变。在激发剂的作用下,可增加119.8%的钢渣胶凝材料3d抗压强度。对于钢渣胶凝材料而言,激发剂对浆体水化产物种类没有明显影响。     

轻质复合墙体隔声性能研究

对非承重轻钢龙骨结构及双层轻质复合墙体隔声性能进行了试验研究。轻质复合墙体以水泥板材为外面板,石膏板材为内侧板,并采用弹性连接件作为减振装置附着在龙骨上,吸声超细玻璃棉作为填充。对墙体构件的隔声性能进行了实验室测试,分析了吸声填充和弹簧减振件对轻质复合墙体隔声性能的影响。结果显示,轻质复合墙体的计权隔声量达到56dB。吸声填充对轻质复合墙体结构具有显著作用,弹性连接件在低频及高频隔声都具有较好的改善作用。     

浅谈橡胶工业的污染与控制

在橡胶工业中,从原材料配合、混炼、成型和硫化等一系列单元操作到制成制品的过程中,各种粉尘、光化学烟雾、有机溶剂的挥发等,构成了橡胶工业的污染危害,并危及人们的身体健康。因此,探讨和防治橡胶工业生产中的污染问题,已成为现代橡胶工业进一步发展的迫切需要。     

硅藻土基多孔吸附填料的制备及其对Pb2+的吸附

以硅藻土为主要原料,添加超细碳粉、烧结助剂和粘结剂,按一定比例混合、搅拌、造粒,在设定程序下煅烧,制备了硅藻土基多孔吸附填料(DBPAF),探讨了烧成温度、造孔剂添加量、硅藻土粉体粒径对DBPAF孔隙特征的影响,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对DBPAF的微观形貌和物相组成进行了观察和分析,采用动态吸附实验研究了DBPAF的可操作性,采用静态吸附实验研究了DBPAF吸附Pb2+的性能和机制.结果表明,最适烧成温度范围为900~1000℃,最适造孔剂添加量为7.0%,最适硅藻土粉体粒径为2.40μm;与硅藻土原土(粉体)相比,DBPAF的可操作性明显提高,孔隙结构得到了明显改善,物相组成以方石英相为主.研究还表明,烧制过程升温速率以2~5℃/min为宜以保证DBPAF气孔分布均匀;DBPAF对Pb2+吸附容量较硅藻土原土(粉体)提高了78.0%,吸附过程速率控制步骤为Pb2+与DBPAF孔道内的基团发生的化学反应,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型.     

废丁基橡胶再生及其应用

再生胶、胶粉及活化胶粉是废丁基橡胶回收利用的主要途径和方法,其中再生胶应用效果最好。综述了废丁基橡胶的再生方法及其应用,重点介绍了废丁基橡胶的常温塑化法再生工艺及机理,并结合实验,介绍了丁基再生胶用于制备防水卷材的一些经验。     

酸性介质对橡胶材料在盐雾环境下老化行为的影响研究

目的研究SO_2、稀硫酸两种酸性介质对橡胶材料在盐雾环境下老化行为的影响。方法以乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶为试验对象,分别以SO_2、稀硫酸为酸性介质,开展"SO2-盐雾"、"稀硫酸-盐雾"试验,利用宏观形貌观察、拉伸性能测试方法,结合扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱技术,分析两种酸性介质对橡胶材料老化过程的影响。结果乙丙橡胶在"SO2-盐雾"复合环境中暴露48 h后,表面由紫色变为淡蓝色;暴露12d后,表面出现密集的脱落坑和长条状的粉化带,亚甲基含量略微降低,第三单体中,残余双键特征吸收峰消失。丁腈橡胶在"SO2-盐雾"环境中暴露12d后,橡胶断裂拉伸强度保留率降低至75%,聚合物中的酰胺键、亚甲基含量显著降低。结论"SO2-盐雾"复合试验对橡胶材料的侵蚀作用更加剧烈,丁腈橡胶暴露12 d后的断裂拉伸强度损失率比在"稀硫酸-盐雾"环境下高出14.39%。SO_2气体加速了橡胶中填充剂颗粒的析出、脱落过程,造成橡胶表面出现变色、脱落等缺陷,导致橡胶材料的拉伸性能降低。     

新型硫铁复合填料强化再生水深度脱氮除磷

为强化再生水深度脱氮除磷的能力,利用硫磺粉、海绵铁粉等制备出一种新型复合填料,并在不同HRT和C/N条件下将其与同种物质组成的颗粒混合填料进行对比实验.最后通过高通量测序技术对两填料表面的微生物种群结构进行了研究.结果表明,在不同条件下新型填料的脱氮除磷能力均优于颗粒混合填料;当HRT=4 h、C/N=1时,新型填料的总氮、总磷去除率均分别比颗粒填料高出30%以上.根据高通量测序结果,两反应器内的反硝化体系均由硫自养反硝化种群和异养反硝化种群构成,且新型填料系统内的硫自养反硝化菌群所占比例更大,两反应器内的优势种属分别为Sulfurimonas和Acinetobacter.     

活化粉煤灰在橡胶制品中应用的研究

本研究是将多种活化粉煤灰应用于橡胶制品中分别代替活性碳酸钙,轻质碳酸钙和中超炭黑作填料或补强剂。结果表明,良好的活化剂是获得优良活化灰的关键因素之一,粉煤灰的粒度和其表面性能是影响复合材料机械性能的主要因素,用良好的活化剂,采用干法研磨的活化方法可以兼顾这２个因素,获得较理想的活化灰,活化灰与有机物能很好地相容,加上它的球粒结构,因而有很好的加工性在。在橡胶制品中用活化灰全部代替活性碳酸钙,各项物     

Identification of key factors governing chemistry in groundwater near the water course recharged by reclaimed water at Miyun County, Northern China

Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater.     

废胶粉与聚氨酯聚苯乙烯互穿聚合物网络

对废胶粉进行了裂解气相色谱、红外光谱、热重分析,并且制备了共轭三组分聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯/废胶粉半互穿聚合物网络(PU/PS/SRP-IPN),并进行了力学性能测试。结果表明:在废胶粉中含有天然橡胶、顺丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶,其中天然橡胶含量较高,顺丁橡胶和丁苯橡胶含量较低,三种胶的含量比为天然橡胶:顺丁橡胶:丁苯橡胶为12:6.2:1;胶粉含胶率为49.61%,炭黑含量为18.89%,无机填料含量为21.01%。当聚苯乙烯含量为40%时,体系的扯断伸长率与拉伸强度都出现最大值,随着聚苯乙烯在体系中所占比例增大,硬度与永久变形逐渐增大。差示扫描量热仪测定的玻璃化转变温度和扫描电镜分析结果表明作为公共组分的聚苯乙烯与废胶粉及聚氨酯发生了互穿缠结,整个材料性能得以提高。     

不同生产阶段产生的压电陶瓷废品对氯化丁基橡胶阻尼减振性能的影响

将压电陶瓷生产过程中不同生产阶段产生的废品应用于氯化丁基橡胶阻尼减振材料，并比较了它们对阻尼减振性能的影响。     

粉煤灰表面改性的研究

本文利用H-NA,H-R等六种不同的表面活化剂,采用干法和湿法的活化工艺,对粉煤灰的表面进行改性研究。试验表明,活化粉煤灰表面的羟基数目减少,增加了活化剂的相应基团,它在有机介质中的分散性明显好转。用活化粉煤灰作聚氯乙烯和橡胶的填料,制成试样,测试结果表明,与未活化的粉煤灰相比,各种性能均明显改善,除橡胶磨耗减量质量有待进一步提高外,其余各项指标均达到和超过有关标准。因此,这是利用再生资源,降低复合材料成本,保护环境的一种新途径。     

Hydrological eco-service of rubber plantations in Hainan Island and its effect on local economic development

The impacts of economic forest on global environmental change(GEC) are one of the hot issues in environmental study. Based on the 3-year observation data and 40-year climate data, GEC and analysis of the hydrological dynamic characteristics of rubber plantations and estimate of the water balance in the rubber plantations in Hainan Island were made. The results showed that the rainfall intercepted by thecanopy of the plantations accounted for 11.4-5 % of the annual rainfall, the total runoff for 23.71%, the total evaporation and transpiration for 63.24%, the soil moisture storage for 1.6%. Analysis of the 40year rainfall data in the 19 counties of Hainan Island during 1951—1990 showed that the large-scale substitution of the natural vegetation with the rubber plantations had no significant effect on the local rainfall in Hainan Island. The main reasons are (1) 80% of the rainfall in Hainan is brought by typhoons; (2) the proportion of 11.6% rubberplantations in total forest coverage in Hainan is not enough to influence the local rainfall in Hainan Island; and (3) although the rubberplantation is artificial vegetation, it has the similar function to the tropical rain forest. Analysis of the total water resource and I‘otal GDP ofHainan in 1997 showed that the economic benefit resulted from the water resource was 1.0 RMB Yuan/m3 . The value of hydrological of therubber plantation in Hainan was 113.9 million RMB Yuan/a when compared with the tropical rain forest. The paper reaches conclusion that the hydrological eco-service function of rubber plantation has been enhanced after transformed from natural vegetation, which includes the natural service and powerful social service.