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1.
利用光合细菌处理豆制品废水的研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
光合细菌(PSB)法是处理高浓度有机废水的一种比较经济、有效的方法。在多年试验研究的基础上,进行了处理豆制品废水的中试,取得了令人满意的结果。当PSB段进水COD_(Cr)为12000mg/l,BOD_5为8500mg/l,容积负荷4.23kg COD_(Cr)/m~3·d(2.98kg BOD_5/m~3·d)时,PSB段出水COD_(Cr)为817.6mg/l,BOD_5为146.4mg/l,COD_(Cr)去除率93.2%,BOD_5去除率98.3%。同时有较高的脱氮效果。总氮去除率达66.7%。PSB段的出水与淡有机废水以1∶4相混和,通过好氧处理,可达排放标准。处理过程中得到的PSB污泥营养丰富,含蛋白质40%以上,用作鸡饲料添加剂使产蛋率和总蛋重增加,有较大的利用价值。  相似文献   

2.
超高浓度抗生素废水预处理试验   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
采取絮凝→芽孢杆菌生物降解(缺氧水解)→再絮凝→Fenton试剂氧化的流程对COD_(Cr)50000mg/L以上超高浓度抗生素废水进行了预处理实验研究。其中各阶段的COD_(Cr)去除率为30.31%、27.01%、32.88%、33.82%。通过预处理可使废水COD_(Cr)从50000mg/L以上下降到10000mg/L左右,有利于下一步的常规生化处理。本试验为超高浓度抗生素废水的预处理提供了实验数据。  相似文献   

3.
一、概述浙江省美术地毯厂是一家主要生产出国地由表1可以看出洗毛废水的浓度最高,水量占全部废水的比重较大;而在四个洗毛水槽中,第一槽的 COD_(Cr)为10000~12000毫克/升,第二槽的 COD_(Cr)为20000毫克/升左右;第三槽COD_(Cr)为2000~2500毫克/升,第四槽 COD_(Cr)仅700毫克/升。由此说明洗毛废水的重点是  相似文献   

4.
含制药残液废水的处理工艺研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
探讨了含制药残液废水的预曝-生物接触氧化-混凝沉降处理工艺。研究结果表明,经石灰乳调pH8.0曝气48h的废水,COD_(Cr)去除率可达47.5%;采用出水回流,进水COD_(Cr)1500~4000mg/L时,负荷为1.00~2.67kg/m~3·d,COD_(Cr)去除率超过86%;生化出水经投加PAC52.8mg/L,COD_(Cr)去除率为64.8%,达到国家工业废水排放标准。  相似文献   

5.
酸化—生物接触氧化法处理生产维生素C废水   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
本研究结果表明,对生产维生素C低浓度有机废水。采用酸化——生物接触氧化处理,比单纯的生物接触氧化工艺具有较大的优越性。本文探讨了酸化反应的废水停留时间、温度及浓度对处理效果的影响和酸化手段,对提高废水可生化性的贡献。当酸化柱的平均COD_(Cr)容积负荷为7.16kg/m~3d,好氧柱的平均COD_(Cr)容积负荷为1.78kg/m~3d时,COD_(Cr)平均总去除率达88.64%,BOD_5平均总去除率达92.65%;在进水的COD_(Cr)浓度达1000mg/l时,出水的COD_(Cr)、BOD_5及SS的含量仍可达标。  相似文献   

6.
利用酸化—两级光合污泥—砂滤工艺处理啤酒废水,通过比较是否酸化、光合污泥和普通活性污泥的处理效果,得到最优的处理工艺。实验结果表明:该工艺能有效处理啤酒废水,COD_(Cr)去除率达96.3%,比未酸化工艺COD_(Cr)去除率提高近5%,比普通活性污泥法COD_(Cr)去除率提高10%以上。各工艺平行试验显示,各工艺出水水质较稳定,试验结果可靠。  相似文献   

7.
柠檬酸废水处理工艺研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
对应用上流式厌氧污泥床工艺处理柠檬酸废水进行了研究。考察了COD_(Cr)和BOD_5的处理效果及产气率,以及水温、pH、HRT和有机负荷等条件的影响。研究结果表明,在HRT为24h、水温为(35±1)℃、pH为5和有机负荷为14kg(COD_(Cr))/m~3·d的工艺条件下,处理后COD_(Cr)去除率为88%,BOD_5去除率为92%,产气率为0.45m~3/kg(COD_(Cr))。  相似文献   

8.
卡那霉素废水处理工艺探索   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
采用预曝—膜法A/O系统,在调节废水pH至7.5,以Q=4m~3/h·m~3(水)气量预曝48h后,COD_(Cr)去除率可达52.2%。用60%左右的出水回流,调节水质COD_(Cr)1500~2000mg/L,使膜法一级反应器COD_(Cr)容积负荷为3.45kg/m~3·d,二级反应器COD_(Cr)容积负荷为1.8~3.4kg/m~3·d时,COD_(Cr)去除率可高达93%。COD_(Cr)为5357.6~13134mg/L的废水,经处理后出水COD_(Cr)为90~175mg/L。  相似文献   

9.
凤眼莲对含银废水的净化研究——动态模拟试验   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
动态模拟试验结果表明,凤眼莲对含银废水具有很强的净化能力.当污水停留时间为24—48h时,银的净化率达98.6%以上,BOD_5为91.0%,COD_(Cr)为44.6%,浊度为91.1%,总磷(TP)为53.9%,NH_4~+-N为40.4%,NO_2~--N为92.9%,NO_3~--N为37.6%,PO_4~(3-)为56.8%.它与同期运行的活性污泥法相比较,效果要好.  相似文献   

10.
SBR工艺在肉类加工废水处理中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
卢普涛 《环保科技》2001,7(3):20-22
SBR艺(序批式活性污泥法)处理肉类加工废水,特别是屠宰废水时,比其他工艺更具有优越性。在进水COD_(Cr)=1500mg/L时,COD_(Cr)平均去除率达到95%以上,出水的各项污染指标优于GB 13457—92二级排放标准,改进后的滗水器克服了带泥现象。  相似文献   

11.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

12.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

13.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

15.
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.  相似文献   

16.
RemovalofheavymetalsfromsewagesludgebylowcostingchemicalmethodandrecyclinginagricultureWuQitang,NyirandegePascasie,MoCehuiF...  相似文献   

17.
Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.  相似文献   

18.
Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.  相似文献   

19.
Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene (PS) bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as "purge and trap" and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.  相似文献   

20.
Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury (Hg) on urease activity in 4 soils (meadow burozem and phaeozem) was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase (up to 13%-21%) in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship (P〈0.05) between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose (ED50) values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.  相似文献   

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