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80年代以业南极上空平流层臭氧层不断减少,1998年9月臭氧洞的面积和深度达历史最高记录。平流层臭氧耗损会导致到达在面地的有害紫外线增加,损害人类的健康和破坏地球生态。介绍了了臭氧层损耗的机理、现状、该领域的研究进展和复旦大学的研究结果。 相似文献
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黄磷与氧气在潮湿空气中反应诱发臭氧等活性粒子,可应用于难降解的有机废水处理。实验结果表明,聚乙烯废水、乙醇废水脱色率可达77%-87%。对分散染料废水脱色率仅达26.3%。半黄磷直接投加入聚乙烯废水,乙醛废水诱发反应产生的臭氧等活性粒子通入废水的实验结果表明,以废水体积1L计,投加黄磷5g,脱色反应基本完成,脱色率达80%;CODCr去除量与黄磷投加量成正比。 相似文献
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本文通过臭氧对蚕豆急性伤害的研究,描述了蚕豆遭受臭氧急性伤害的反应症状,并阐明蚕豆叶片叶绿素a的变化对蚕豆受害程度的表征作用。 相似文献
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Yichang Yang Xingang Liu Jun Zheng Qinwen Tan Miao Feng Yu Qu Junling An Nianliang Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(5):297-310
A continuous online observation of ozone and its precursors(NOx, VOCs) was carried out in central urban Wuhan from September 2016 to August 2017. The concentration levels of ozone,NOx, VOCs and their variations in urban Wuhan were analyzed, as well as effects of VOCs on ozone photochemical generation and the main controlling factors for ozone production. During the observation period, the average concentrations of ozone and NOx in Wuhan was 22.63 and30.14 ppbv, respectively, and the average concentration of VOCs was 32.61 ppbv(42.3% alkanes,13.0% alkenes, 10.0% aromatics, 7.3% acetylene, 9.9% OVOCs, and 10.5% halohydrocarbons).Ozone concentration was higher in spring and summer as compared with autumn and winter,wheras VOCs and NOx concentratios were lower in spring and summer but higher in autumn and winter. Aromatics and alkenes, two of VOCs species, showed the highest contributions to ozone formation potential in Wuhan(35.7% alkenes, 35.4 aromatics, 17.5% alkanes, 8.6% OVOCs,1.6% halogenated hydrocarbons, and 1.4% acetylene). Among all VOCs species, those with the highest contribution were ethylene, m-xylene, toluene, propylene and o-xylene. The contribution of these five compounds to the total ozone formation potential concentration was 43.90%.Ozone-controlling factors in Wuhan changed within one day; during the early morning hours(6:00–9:00), VOCs/NOx was low, and ozone generation followed a VOCs-limited regime.However, during the peak time of ozone concentration(12:00–16:00), the ratio of VOCs/NOx was relatively high, suggesting that ozone generation followed a NOx-limited regime. 相似文献
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对沈阳市区环境空气中的臭氧污染现状进行了调查与分析,利用沈阳市大气自动监测系统的数据,分别分析了沈阳城市中心区和城市边缘区臭氧的污染情况以及臭氧与其他污染物之间的相关性,并总结了臭氧与其他污染物的季节性变化趋势。 相似文献
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超声-臭氧氧化处理硝基苯废水实验研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
在实验装置上对超声-臭氧氧化处理硝基苯废水进行了实验研究,主要考察了废水初始pH值、反应时间,臭氧通入量、超声功率等因素对硝基苯去除率的影响,实验结果表明,超声辐射可以在臭氧氧化过程中起加速反应的作用,而且随着超声功率的增大,加速反应的能力增强;废水初始pH值为11时硝基苯去除效果最佳;随着臭氧通入量的增大,反应时间的延长,硝基苯去除率不断增大;超声-臭氧处理硝基苯废水过程中硝基苯的降解规律为表现一级反应。 相似文献
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探讨了Pb、Pb-0.5%Sn、Pb-0.8%Sn、Pb-1.78%Sn、Pb-1.35%Sn-0.049?、Pb-0.8%Sn-0.1%Ca-0.1%Ce铅合金电极的电化学性能、耐腐蚀性能和电解产生臭氧的产率,及铅合金电极在不同电流强度条件下电解产生臭氧的最佳条件。实验结果表明:掺杂了Sn,Ce等金属能提高铅合金电极的析氧电位和臭氧产率,其中当以PB-0.8%Sn-0.1%Ca-0.1%Ce合金电极为阳极,铂电极为阴极。饱和硫酸钾溶液为电解液,电流强度为7.5mA时,臭氧产率最高达到19%。 相似文献
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有机废水湿式O_3氧化降解过程的研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
采用 O3 湿式氧化降解含氯乙烯的有机废水 ,实验研究了不同 p H、不同温度以及不同初始氯乙烯浓度对反应过程的影响 ,初步探讨了在高 p H时 O3 的自分解催化产生自由基 OH·机理和污染物的氧化降解过程。通过实验研究与分析 ,获得了氯乙烯有机废水 O3 氧化过程的动力学方程 相似文献
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Ozone concentrations, flux and potential effect on yield during wheat growth in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ozone (O3) concentration and flux (Fo) were measured using the eddy covariance technique over a wheat field in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China. The O3-induced wheat yield loss was estimated by utilizing O3 exposure-response models. The results showed that: (1) During the growing season (7 March to 7 June, 2012), the minimum (16.1 ppbV) and maximum (53.3 ppbV) mean O3 concentrations occurred at approximately 6:30 and 16:00, respectively. The mean and maximum of all measured O3 concentrations were 31.3 and 128.4 ppbV, respectively. The variation of O3 concentration was mainly affected by solar radiation and temperature. (2) The mean diurnal variation of deposition velocity (Vd) can be divided into four phases, and the maximum occurred at noon (12:00). Averaged Vd during daytime (6:00–18:00) and nighttime (18:00–6:00) were 0.42 and 0.14 cm/sec, respectively. The maximum of measured Vd was about 1.5 cm/sec. The magnitude of Vd was influenced by the wheat growing stage, and its variation was significantly correlated with both global radiation and friction velocity. (3) The maximum mean Fo appeared at 14:00, and the maximum measured Fo was − 33.5 nmol/(m2·sec). Averaged Fo during daytime and nighttime were − 6.9 and − 1.5 nmol/(m2·sec), respectively. (4) Using O3 exposure-response functions obtained from the USA, Europe, and China, the O3-induced wheat yield reduction in the district was estimated as 12.9% on average (5.5%–23.3%). Large uncertainties were related to the statistical methods and environmental conditions involved in deriving the exposure-response functions. 相似文献
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银川市臭氧污染特征及影响因素分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
依据2014年银川市6个自动空气监测子站的监测数据,分析银川市臭氧浓度的污染特征,并对夏季臭氧相关气象因子进行分析。结果表明,从监测点位来看,银湖巷站点臭氧浓度最高,宁安大街次之,宁化生活区臭氧浓度最低。从时间变化规律来看,银川市臭氧浓度呈夏季最高,春季次之,秋季、冬季污染较低,其中臭氧月均浓度最大值出现在5月、6月。臭氧日变化呈单峰变化规律,夜间臭氧浓度较低,白天臭氧浓度较高。夏季臭氧浓度与二氧化氮、相对湿度呈显著的负相关性,与气温、风速呈显著正相关性。 相似文献
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污水中染料的生物毒性及其去除方法的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了在实验室模拟条件下,利用蚕豆根尖的微核效应,分析了3种染料溶液及实际污水的生物毒性和它的去除方法。实验表明,这3种染料和实际污水都存在着生物毒性。在溶液 pH,温度,臭氧发生量一定条件下,3种染料溶液经臭氧氧化后,生物毒性去除率达56%以上,实际污水经臭氧处理后,生物毒性去除达31.09%。 相似文献
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污泥分解技术与厌氧消化相结合,能提高厌氧消化的效率,其中在污泥厌氧消化工艺中适当的结合臭氧氧化技术,可以使挥发性固体平均降解率提高至65%,并减少1/3的厌氧消化池容积。 相似文献