可持续发展指标和指标体系研究现状述评：兼论中国可持续发展指标构建

从认识和方法论的角度将国内外已有的可持续发展指标（体系）分为应用经济学方法、生态学方法和统计学方法三大类,并分别加以评述。从面向用户、政策相关性、综合及定量化,可评价性四个方面评述各种指标的特征。在此基础上提出中国可持续发展指标的构建设想。．     

发展中国家超前进入循环城市建设的可能性

按循环城市的指导思想建设新城市和改造旧城市是执行可持续发展的重要内容、也是解决以城市污染为主要原因所造成的全球性环境问题发生的重要手段，现有许多国家忆展开建设循环城市的工作，本文以日本建设循环城市的工作为启迪，明确循环城市的基本概念以及中国等发展中国家即时应展开的工作。探索实现可持续过程中之中城市建设、社会意识以及产业战略的发展方向示谕其超前进入循环建设的可能性。     

评价系统可持续发展能力的能值指标

对国际能值分析理论现行能值评价指标体系作了归并简化,提出了评价系统可持续发展能力的新的能值指标(EISD);并将其应用于珠江三角洲基塘农业生态工程建设中,对3种基塘农业生态工程模式进行了实例比较研究.结果表明,EISD同时兼顾环境影响和经济效益,能更好地评价同等环境压力下不同的产品生产结构对社会经济发展贡献的不同,即系统可持续发展能力的不同及其成因.     

国内外可持续发展区域指标与实例研究

可持续发展指标体系可以用来衡量城市或区域发展与资源环境协调性。本文在文献调研的基础上,总结了国外可持续发展指标体系,并对国外发展指标与国内进行了对比,具体包括城市发展指标和环境可持续发展指标。可以对国内可持续发展指标评价研究提供参考依据。     

货币化可持续发展指标的评价

可持续发展指标是评价和监测可持续发展状态和程度的基础工程 ,是实施可持续发展管理的依据。本文通过几种货币化可持续发展指标的内容介绍 ,分析了货币化可持续发展指标存在的优缺点     

“可持续发展”的南北之争

近年来,“可持续发展”和“持续发展”在报刊上出现频率极高,成为各国政府、学术界的热门话题,各方面研究成果时有发表。人们不禁要问:可持续发展与持续发展有无区别?它们是同一含义吗?这还要从其产生背景谈起。“可持续发展”英文作Sustainable development,较早出现于80年代中期一些发达国家的文章和文件中。1980年《世界自然保护大纲》首次作为术语提出了“可持续发展”,要求把保护与发展结合起来,不能就保护论保护,合理利用生物圈,使目前这一代人得到最大的持久性利益,且保持其潜力,以     

系统可持续发展的能值评价指标的新拓展

剖析阐述了国际现行能值可持续指标(ESI)中存在的不足之处,拓展构建了新的综合指标(SDI)评价系统可持续发展,实现了能值分析与经济分析和物质分析的耦合.以我国著名的基塘农业生态工程模式——珠江三角洲瓜菜基鱼塘模式为例进行案例分析结果表明,新拓展的SDI能更全面、更明晰地度量被评价系统的可持续发展能力,并指示其能物流及经济流各自的运营状况,为系统的进一步优化指明方向.     

人类发展指数的修正与可持续发展的替代指标

本文确认了全球社会-生态问题（过度消费,道德危机）的主要根源并提出了新的可持续发展的愿景,重点要关注精神、道德、心理、生理和人的智力开发（而代替以消费为导主的理念）。讨论了人类发展指标不足所涉及到的因素（寿命预期、人均国内生产总值）,提出了测量人类可持续发展的替代指标,即：健康人口的比例。生态效率也被建议作为转化可持续发展的必要条件,人的精神,根据生态中心立场（社会-生态幸福）。通过适当的教育和体制政策而实现环境和人类健康、公平和整个人类的发展。     

王禾兵农村能源系统生态工程可持续发展效应评价指标标体系的研？…

为全面，准确评价农村能源系统生态工程的社会效益及其能源生态经济效益，我们研究提出三个层次共１５个指标组砀农村能源系统生态工程综合评价指标体系，并运用ＡＨＰ法确定指标体系中各层次的权值，最后再运用该指标体系对课题组研究的“二六”工程规划进行可量化的评价，在此基础上提出了有效规划方案，让决策者面对种农村能源系统工程建设方案有选择的科学依据。     

可持续发展评价指标体系建立原理与方法研究

探讨了可持续发展评价指标设置的原则、指标筛选的思路和方法,建立了一种主客观判断相结合的主成分分析和独立性分析方法,分析了区域发展特征和指标体系的层次结构;在此基础上建立了常州市可持续发展评价指标体系,满足了指标设置的各项原则。     

真实储蓄率与可持续发展研究

随着全球经济高速发展,地球上的环境却持续恶化,由于经济与环境相互牵制又相互促进,如何实现经济不断增长并能有效保护环境,即实现“可持续发展”成为目前大家普遍关注的问题,本文分析了真实储蓄概念的提出,认为真实储蓄率是基于传统国民经济核算以上两方面的缺陷而提出的。并进一步解释了真实储蓄率的概念,绿色GDP和真实储蓄的关系,及真实储蓄,可持续收入（SI）及生态国民生产净值（EDP）,可持续经济福利指标（ISEW）和真实发展指数（GPI）几种货币化的可持续发展指标的相互关系,认为真实储蓄是一种比较实用的衡量可持续发展的综合指标。     

发展观与环境伦理之间的关系探究

21世纪,人类面对的最大问题莫过于因发展而带来的生态环境危机.文章针对当前全球化进程中面临的生态环境问题,从中外传统发展观及环境伦理问题出发,阐述了环境伦理与发展观的密切关系,要实现人类的可持续发展,必须改变对自然的态度和价值观,构筑新的发展观和环境伦理观,当前中国倡导的"科学发展观"是实现人类可持续发展的环境伦理观.     

Development based climate change adaptation and mitigation—conceptual issues and lessons learned in studies in developing countries

This paper discusses the conceptual basis for linking development policies and climate change adaptation and mitigation and suggests an analytical approach that can be applied to studies in developing countries. The approach is centred on a broad set of policy evaluation criteria that merge traditional economic and sectoral goals and broader social issues related to health and income distribution. The approach is inspired by institutional economics and development paradigms that emphasise human wellbeing, resource access, empowerment, and the arrived freedoms. It is outlined how indicators of wellbeing can be used to assess policies that integrate development and climate change policy objectives, and this approach is discussed in comparison with other work that rather have been inspired by sustainable development aspects of manmade, natural, and social capital. The experiences and results from case studies of development and climate that have done a first attempt to use human wellbeing indicators are reported and discussed. The studies include work from India, China, South Africa, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Senegal. A number of policy examples in the energy-, food-, and water sectors in these studies have shown up to demonstrate numerous linkages between development policies and climate change. Various analytical tools have been used in the studies including quantitative and qualitative scenario work as well as detailed micro-based analysis. The methodological conclusion that can be drawn from these studies, is that it is possible to apply wellbeing indicators to the more detailed policy assessment, but a link to more general national and regional scenario work is not yet established.     

Climate Change Daaptational Deficiencies in Developing Countries: the Case of Sub-Saharan Africa

Adaptation is nowrecognized as an inevitable component ofthe overall climate change responsestrategy. For a developing region likesub-Saharan Africa with low greenhouse gasemissions and high vulnerability to theimpacts of climate change, the importanceof adaptation in climate change policy iseven more fundamental. This paper examined alook at the adaptational preparedness ofthe sub-Saharan African region to climatechange. Clearly evident in theenvironmental strategy and developmentfocus of these countries is lack ofrecognition of the need to adapt, poorincentive to adapt and low capacity toadapt to climate change. This furtherexacerbates their vulnerability and hasimplications for the global climate changeresponse strategy. Unfortunately, fewattempts have been made to understand thestructural reasons underlying the pervasivepattern of adaptational unpreparedness inthe region, neither has there been acomprehensive and systematic analysis ofhow to remedy this problem. This paper is acontribution in this regard. It alsohighlights the factors to whichinternational community need to payattention, if it truly wishes to make itsefforts at adaptation more global inscope.     

社区可持续发展与公众参与

可持续发展是环境、社会、经济的共同发展。社区作为人类赖以生存的场所,社区可持续发展在可持续发展建设进程中具有十分重要的作用。而且社区可持续发展建设离不开公众的积极参与。本文通过阐明社区可持续发展的提出和意义,结合一定的实例,论述了社区可持续发展这一新的发展观的优越性,讨论了公众参与社区可持续发展建设的重要性,提出了完善公众参与社区可持续发展的对策。     

工业-环境系统可持续发展定量研究

应用系统论分析了工业－环境系统内部相互作用的特征,建立了工业－环境系统可持续发展的定量判据。对区域工业－环境可持续发展问题进行了定量研究。     

Role of Bio-Energy Plantations for Carbon-Dioxide Mitigation with Special Reference to India

Fuelwood plays an important role in the rural economy of the developing countries of Asia and Africa. Optimizing energy fixation in forest trees through high density energy plantations (HDEP), gasification of wood, and conversion of forest tree biomass, are some of the potential areas whereby additional research and development input for efficient management of atmospheric carbon in our energy system can be incorporated. For example, the photosynthetic efficiency of forest trees is rarely above 0.5%, which on the basis of theoretical considerations can be increased by up to 6.6%. Thus there is an ample scope to improve the efficiency up to 1%, which amounts to doubling of the productivity of the forests. Recent policy changes and experiences with wood-based bio-energy programmes in several countries indicate that woodfuels may become increasingly attractive as industrial energy sources. Use of biodiesel and the formulation of a project for undertaking 13.4 million ha of Jatropha plantations in India highlight the seriousness with which the Government of India is promoting carbon neutral energy plantations. The cost of establishment of plantations primarily for fuel production and its conversion to energy are major deterrents in this pursuit. Some of the issues in developing countries, like low productivity on marginal lands, degraded forest lands, and unorganized units for biomass energy conversion, result in cost escalation as compared to other energy sources. This paper revisits the scope for raising energy plantations, a comparison of the direct and indirect mitigation potential uses of plantations as an adaptation strategy through reforestation and afforestation projects for climate change mitigation and socio-economic issues to make this venture feasible in developing countries.