污泥的改性调理压榨脱水研究进展

污泥深度脱水可以大大减小污泥的体积,降低管理、运输、处理成本,便于后续脱水污泥的资源化利用。污泥的化学及物理调理是改善污泥脱水性能最有效、最常用的方法。本文介绍了压榨脱水几种技术,并对污泥改性调理情况进行探讨。     

双氧水与硫酸铝联用改善污泥脱水性能的试验研究

基于化学溶胞和絮凝剂单独调理污泥,均能在一定程度上改善污泥脱水性能。通过联用双氧水和硫酸铝对污水厂剩余污泥进行调理,分析两者联用对污泥脱水性能的改善效果,探求最佳的试验条件。将污泥脱水滤液回用至原泥(含水率80%),探求滤液回用在两种药剂联用下对脱水性能的改善效果。试验结果表明:在双氧水和硫酸铝联合调理下,污泥的脱水性能有明显改善;两者联用的最佳条件如下:初始污泥pH=3,投加2 mL/L(AR H_2O_2体积/湿污泥体积)的双氧水,调理60 min,再投加0.2 g/g的硫酸铝。     

Fenton试剂调理污泥的研究进展

提高污泥脱水性能是污泥减量化的关键,污泥脱水前进行调理可提高其脱水性能。近年来,Fenton试剂被认为是有效的污泥调理剂。综述了近十年通过Fenton反应调理污泥以提高污泥脱水性能的研究进展。从污泥自身性质出发,分析影响污泥脱水性能因素,阐述Fenton反应调理污泥的机理;探讨Fenton反应调理污泥的影响因素和最佳条件;总结近年来针对Fenton反应调理污泥过程的问题而出现的Fenton与其他方法联用的技术。最后,对基于Fenton反应的污泥调理技术的研究方向提出了建议。     

丝状真菌调理对柠檬酸污泥脱水性能的影响

利用实验室分离的丝状真菌Aspergillus niger SS5对柠檬酸污泥进行了污泥脱水前的生物调理.结果表明,菌液浓度和调理时间是影响污泥脱水性能的主要因素,调理后污泥的脱水性能、沉降性能均有明显改善,调理后的污泥负电荷减少,粒径显著增大,结合水含量比未投加菌液的空白对照降低了近40%.同时,真菌调理显著降低了上清液COD及污泥各EPS层的蛋白质和多糖含量,EPS中蛋白质的降解与污泥结合水含量、D₅₀和Zeta电位显著相关,是影响柠檬酸污泥脱水性能改善的重要因素,且有机物的降解并未导致污泥pH值的显著变化,这和柠檬酸污泥拥有较大的酸碱缓冲容量有关.采用20mL/g DS的Aspergillus niger SS5调理柠檬酸污泥,调理3d可使泥饼含水率降至71.98%,且调理过程无化学药剂加入,更有利于柠檬酸等食品发酵类工业污泥的后续资源化综合利用.     

化学絮凝与电絮凝调理污泥脱水性能影响作用的对比研究

电絮凝污泥调理是近年来发展起来的一种新型污泥预处理技术,具有破解污泥絮体、溶出胞外聚合物、改变污泥颗粒结构等作用,是实现后端污泥稳定化和减量化的有效手段.本研究比较了传统化学絮凝与电絮凝调理对污泥脱水性能的影响,深入分析了调理过程对污泥过滤性能、EPS组分和絮体结构的改变,并在此基础上优化了电絮凝操作条件.结果表明,以铁板为阳极,铝板为阴极,当工作电压为15 V,极板间距为4 cm时,污泥的脱水性能可达到最佳,此时污泥毛细吸水时间（CST）下降55.4%;而采用传统絮凝法,当铁盐投加量与铁的阳极溶出量相同时,污泥CST值仅下降17%.电絮凝能够同时实现污泥絮体颗粒的破解与脱稳,调理20 min后,污泥沉降体积降至25 mL,污泥泥饼含水率可降至66%,污泥崩解度(DD_SCOD)可达1.79%.此时松散附着型（LB-EPS）和紧密结合型胞外聚合物（TB-EPS）组成均发生明显改变,污泥絮体结构得以重建,污泥沉降性能和脱水性能显著提升.     

SCDD污泥处理处置工艺简述

污泥的化学及物理调理是改善污泥脱水性能最有效、最常用的方法;污泥深度脱水可以大大减小污泥的体积,降低管理、运输、处理成本,便于后续脱水污泥的资源化利用。本文介绍了高效、实用的SCDD污泥处理处置工艺,即"调理(sludge conditioning)-深度脱水(high pressure filtration dewatering)-综合处置(comprehensive disposal)"工艺路线。目前该工艺已经在多个市政和工业污泥处理处置项目中得到了应用,取得了良好的环境和社会效应。     

厌氧消化结合双氧水溶胞处理剩余污泥试验研究

通过实验室装置将城市污水厂剩余污泥厌氧消化后进行双氧水溶胞脱水处理,分析组合工艺对污泥脱水性能的改善效果,并探索双氧水调理厌氧消化污泥的最佳反应条件,考察脱水滤液回流与剩余污泥共同厌氧消化对滤液的处理效果,并对组合工艺的产、耗能进行了分析。试验结果表明:厌氧消化污泥在双氧水调理下脱水性能显著改善,厌氧消化过程能减少双氧水用量;双氧水调理厌氧消化污泥的最佳反应条件为:双氧水投加量0.106 m L/g(以干污泥计),p H=3,调理时间60 min,调理温度为常温;污泥溶胞脱水滤液回流处理效果良好,且对污泥厌氧消化过程无明显不良影响;厌氧消化产能不仅能够维持自身反应,还有富余能量供出。     

不同混凝剂对污泥脱水性能的影响研究

采用无机和有机混凝剂对污泥进行调理,通过测定污泥比阻、Zeta电位以及污泥上清液中蛋白质、多糖和DNA含量,同时结合污泥上清液的三维荧光光谱分析,研究了不同混凝剂及其投加量对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明:当聚合氯化铝(PAC)、高效聚合氯化铝(HPAC)和氯化铁(FeCl3)的投加量在干污泥量的10%附近时,污泥比阻值最小,同时三维荧光强度值也最小,Zeta电位以及上清液中蛋白质、多糖和DNA的含量基本趋于稳定.无机混凝剂与有机混凝剂联合作用调理污泥后其脱水效果明显优于单一混凝剂调理.有机混凝剂与无机混凝剂投加顺序对污泥脱水性能影响显著,先投加无机混凝剂再投加有机混凝剂的脱水效果最佳,研究筛选出两种混凝剂联合作用调理污泥后,其脱水效果顺序为10%PAC+0.5%PAM>10%FeCl3+0.5%PAM>10%HPAC+0.5%PAM.     

污泥调理对其脱水性能的实验研究

以南京某污水处理厂的污泥为研究对象,采用化学调理法及热水解法对污泥进行调理,来改善污泥的脱水性能,从而达到污泥减量化的目的。考察了几种调理剂(Fe2(SO4)3、Al Cl3、PAM)与氧化钙(Ca O)同时作用对污泥的调理效果,确定了各自的最佳投加比例:Fe2(SO4)3与Ca O最佳投加比例为0.4,Al Cl3与Ca O的最佳投加比例为1.3,PAM与Ca O的最佳投加比例为0.27,其中Fe2(SO4)3与Ca O组合调理对污泥脱水性能的改善最好。研究了热水解对污泥脱水性能的影响,表现随着热水解温度的升高,污泥的脱水性能不断得到改善。     

铝、铁、钛3种金属盐基混凝剂调理污泥的性能比较

以铝盐、铁盐和钛盐混凝剂为研究对象,重点比较了3种混凝剂的污泥调理性能.通过测定调理前后污泥比阻、胞外聚合物中蛋白质和多糖的含量变化,结合三维荧光光谱与分子量变化分析及调理前后污泥尺寸大小与颗粒表面形貌变化,系统比较了它们对污泥的调理性能,并揭示了调理机制.3种无机混凝剂的污泥调理能力依次为:聚合氯化铝(PAC)、钛凝胶混凝剂(TXC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS);调理后,污泥胞外聚合物中蛋白质和多糖含量明显降低;PFS和TXC对有机物的结合能力要强于PAC,疏松结合的胞外聚合物中多糖含量是影响污泥脱水性能的关键因素;调理过程中3种混凝剂所形成污泥颗粒的大小顺序为:TXCPFSPAC,所形成污泥颗粒的大小并非影响污泥脱水性能的关键因素,无机混凝剂电中和能力和与有机物的络合能力共同影响无机混凝剂的污泥调理性能.本研究为污泥调理混凝剂的选取提供了实验和理论依据.     

污泥调理对氨基糖苷类耐药菌的削减作用研究

采用异养菌培养法比较了4种污泥调理方法（聚丙烯酰胺调理、Fe[III]/CaO调理、化学酸化调理以及生物沥浸调理）对脱水泥饼和脱水滤液中链霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素3种典型氨基糖苷类ARB的削减效果.结果表明,PAM调理未能有效削减脱水泥饼及滤液中的ARB;Fe[III]/CaO调理和生物沥浸调理大幅削减脱水泥饼中3种ARB,并且可完全去除脱水滤液中的ARB;化学酸化调理虽然可将脱水泥饼中的ARB削减0.83~1.65个数量级,但却使滤液中的ARB增加0.26~0.39个数量级.脱水泥饼中氨基糖苷类ARB的含量与调理污泥中微生物细胞裂解程度显著相关,说明调理过程导致的污泥微生物细胞裂解是脱水泥饼中ARB削减的主要原因.进一步研究表明,采用Fe[III]/CaO法、化学酸化法及生物沥浸法处理后的脱水泥饼自然放置过程中ARB的数量有反弹的趋势,存在一定的环境风险.     

Exploitation of Fenton and Fenton-like reagents as alternative conditioners for alum sludge conditioning

The use of Fenton’s reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) and Fenton-like reagents containing transition metals of Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) for an alum sludge conditioning to improve its dewaterability was investigated. The results obtained were compared with those obtained from conditioning the same alum sludge using cationic and anionic polymers. Experimental results show that Fenton’s reagent was the best among the Fenton and Fenton-like reagents for the alum sludge conditioning. A considerable e ectiveness of capillary suction time (CST) reduction e ciency of 47% can be achieved under test conditions of Fe2+/H2O2 = 20/125 mg/g DS (dry solid) and pH 6.0. The observation of floc-like particles after Fenton’s reagent conditioning of alum sludge suggested that the mechanism of Fenton’s reagent conditioning was di erent from that of polymer conditioning. In spite of the lower e ciency in the CST reduction of Fenton’s reagent in alum sludge conditioning compared to that of polymer conditioning, Fenton’s reagent o ers a more environmentally safe option. This study provided an example of proactive treatment engineering, which is aimed at seeking a safe alternative to the use of polymers in sludge conditioning towards achieving a more sustainable sludge management strategy.     

基于半焦的城市污泥调质与机械压滤脱水

采用污泥调质和机械压滤脱水的实验方法,研究了半焦添加量和压榨压力对基于半焦的城市污泥调质与机械压滤脱水泥饼含水率的影响。结果表明:在相同的实验条件下,城市污泥机械压滤脱水泥饼含水率随着半焦添加量的增加、压榨压力的增大而降低,当半焦添加量为4 g/100 mL污泥（含水95%）,压榨压力为1.6 MPa时,压滤泥饼的含水率由现有的80%左右降至32.19%;基于半焦的城市污泥调质与机械压滤脱水的半工业试验验证了上述结论的正确性,同时发现压滤泥饼的热值由原污泥的7.82 MJ/kg提高到15.29 MJ/kg,可直接代替煤炭燃烧发电。半焦调质城市污泥+机械压滤脱水能实现城市污泥的高效能源化利用,对节约资源,保护环境有重要意义。     

壳聚糖絮凝剂在活性污泥调理中的应用

研究了自制的壳聚糖絮凝剂在活性污泥调理中的应用,通过污泥比阻、上清液剩余浊度、泥饼含水率及沉降性能等的测定,重点分析了活性污泥脱水的pH范围、絮凝剂投量和壳聚糖分子量及其脱乙酰度对调理效果的影响,并与絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)作了比较,在此基础上还进行了双絮凝剂两段法处理污泥的初步探索。研究发现,壳聚糖作为活性污泥调理剂,投量(干污泥质量百分比)在0.8％～1.2％,pH值在5～8时即有较好的调理效果,与PAM效果基本相当,接近于8％～16％的PAC;壳聚糖相对分子量在30×10~4左右,脱乙酰度在70％左右时有较好的调理效果;双絮凝剂两段法处理污泥,在同等用量时效果好于单絮凝剂一段法。     

城市污泥生物沥浸法和化学法调理的效果比较——对污泥理化性质及其深度脱水性能的影响研究

分别用生物沥浸法（BC）、Fenton法和石灰/三氯化铁/PAM法（石灰法）对同一批城市污泥进行调理,并以常规PAM法（CC）为对照,探究不同调理后污泥的理化性质及其脱水性能的变化差异,并用流式细胞仪测定污泥中细胞裂解情况,以分析其机理.结果表明,BC法、Fenton法和石灰法均能大幅提高城市污泥脱水性能,表现在污泥过滤比阻（SRF）值仅为常规处理的0.43%~6.12%,尤其以石灰法处理脱水性能最佳.但BC法脱水泥饼中的有机质和养分能得到最大程度的保留,有机质（56.9%）、总氮（4.66%）、速效氮（0.47%）、矿化氮（1.80%）和总磷（1.60%）含量均远高于石灰法处理,而且污泥中重金属能被部分去除（Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn溶出率分别为18.7%、50.0%、48.7%和72.9%）,该处理的污泥最具资源化潜力.而石灰法脱水泥饼由于大量脱水剂添加导致有机质（49.5%）、总氮（3.55%）和总磷（1.20%）含量明显下降,且泥饼呈强碱性（pH值接近11）.脱水滤液中的sCOD（645mg/L）和TP（4.62mg/L）也显著高于其他处理.流式细胞仪测定结果显示,BC法、Fenton法和石灰法均能导致污泥微生物凋亡,活细胞数量由原始的86%降至75%左右,特别是石灰法对污泥中细胞的破解效果最为彻底,从而释放出更多内部水和胞内物质,这可能是引起其有机质和养分大量损失至脱水滤液中的原因之一.与Fenton法和石灰法调理相比,生物沥浸法既具有能大幅提高污泥脱水性能,脱水滤液水质相对较好的优点,又具有泥饼有机质和氮磷养分高,重金属含量低的优点.     

Enhancing sewage sludge dewaterability by bioleaching approach with comparison to other physical and chemical conditioning methods

The sewage sludge conditioning process is critical to improve the sludge dewaterability prior to mechanical dewatering. Traditionally, sludge is conditioned by physical or chemical approaches, mostly with the addition of inorganic or organic chemicals. Here we report that bioleaching, an efficient and economical microbial method for the removal of sludge-borne heavy metals, also plays a significant role in enhancing sludge dewaterability. The effects of bioleaching and physical or chemical approaches on sludge dewaterability were compared. The conditioning result of bioleaching by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on sludge dewatering was investigated and compared with the effects of hydrothermal (121℃ for 2 hr), microwave (1050 W for 50 sec), ultrasonic (250 W for 2 min), and chemical conditioning (24% ferric chloride and 68% calcium oxide; dry basis). The results show that the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) or capillary suction time (CST) of sludge is decreased by 93.1% or 74.1%, respectively, after fresh sludge is conditioned by bioleaching, which is similar to chemical conditioning treatment with ferric chloride and calcium oxide but much more effective than other conditioning approaches including hydrothermal, microwave, and ultrasonic conditioning. Furthermore, after sludge dewatering, bioleached sludge filtrate contains the lowest concentrations of chroma (18 times), COD (542 mg/L), total N (TN, 300 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (208 mg/L), and total P (TP, 2 mg/L) while the hydrothermal process resulted in the highest concentration of chroma (660 times), COD (18,155 mg/L), TN (472 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (381 mg/L), and TP (191 mg/L) among these selected conditioning methods. Moreover, unlike chemical conditioning, sludge bioleaching does not result in a significant reduction of organic matter, TN, and TP in the resulting dewatered sludge cake. Therefore, considering sludge dewaterability and the chemical properties of sludge filtrate and resulting dewatered sludge cakes, bioleaching has potential as an approach for improving sludge dewaterability and reducing the cost of subsequent reutilization or disposal of dewatered sludge.     

Optimizing sludge dewatering with a combined conditioner of Fenton's reagent and cationic surfactant

Enhancing sludge dewatering is of importance in reducing environmental burden and disposal costs. In this work, a cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), was combined with Fenton's reagent for sludge dewatering. Results show that the Fenton-CTAB conditioning significantly promotes the sludge dewatering. Using combined techniques of response surface methodology and uniform design, dosages of Fe²⁺, H₂O₂, and CTAB for water content response were optimized to be 89, 276, and 233?mg/g dry solids (DS), respectively. The water content of sludge decreased from 79.0% to 66.8% under the optimal conditions. Compared with cationic polyacrylamide, the Fenton-CTAB system exhibited superior sludge dewatering performance. To gain insights into the mechanisms involved in sludge dewatering, the effects of Fenton-CTAB conditioning on the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the morphology of the sludge flocs were investigated. The decomposition of EPS into some dissolved organics and the release of proteins in tightly bound EPS facilitated the conversion of bound water to free water and further reduced the water content of sludge cake. After conditioning, morphology of sludge showed aggregation. Overall, the enhanced sludge dewatering by Fenton-CTAB treatment provides an efficient way for management of sewage sludge.     

Effects of alkalinity on interaction between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation in wastewater sludge conditioning with aluminum based inorganic polymer flocculant

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form a stable gel-like structure to combine with water molecules through steric hindrance, making the mechanical dewatering of wastewater sludge considerably difficult. Coagulation/flocculation has been widely applied in improving the sludge dewatering performance, while sludge properties (organic fraction and solution chemistry conditions) are highly changeable and have important effects on sludge flocculation process. In this work, the alkalinity effects on sludge conditioning with hydroxy-aluminum were comprehensively investigated, and the interaction mechanisms between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation were unraveled. The results showed that the effectiveness of hydroxy-aluminum conditioning gradually deteriorated with increase in alkalinity. Meanwhile, the polymeric hydroxy-aluminum (Al₁₃) and highly polymerized hydroxy-aluminum (Al₃₀) were hydrolysed and converted into amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃), which changed the flocculation mechanism from charge neutralization and complexing adsorption to hydrogen bond interaction. Additionally, both Al₁₃ and Al₃₀ showed higher binding capacity for proteins and polysaccharides in EPS than monomeric aluminum and Al(OH)₃. Al₁₃ and Al₃₀ coagulation changed the secondary structure of proteins in EPS, which caused a gelation reaction to increase molecular hydrophobicity of proteins and consequently sludge dewaterability. This study provided a guidance for optimizing the hydroxy-aluminum flocculation conditioning of sludge with high solution alkalinity.