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1.
战略环境评价的几个基本问题   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
阐述了战略、环境效应与环境影响、战略环境评价等基本概念,分析了战略环境影响发生机理,提出战略环境评价的三种类型,即预测型SEA、监控型SEA和回顾型SEA,并探讨了三类SEA的区别和联系。  相似文献   

2.
环境伦理(EE)渗地环境影响评价(EIA)的各个环节,深入揭示两才的联系,说明EIA过程中的EE的和,经正确的伦理原则指导EIA的开展,对二十一世纪EIA事业的发展具有重要意义。本文就环境影响“重大性”判断,环境影响预测、评价和备选方案决策中的伦理问题作了探讨,希望引起更多专业人员和决策者的兴趣。  相似文献   

3.
环境影响评价研究进展   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12  
文章从战略EIA,累积EIA、EIA有效性、清洁生产在EIA中的应用,区域对项目影响型EIA和环境影响后续评估等方面综述了我国目前EIA研究的最新进展。同时,归纳了我国现行EIA中存在的6个问题,并提出相应的建议。  相似文献   

4.
累积环境影响评价研究   总被引:29,自引:1,他引:29  
为了响应综合的环境管理和可持续发展对环境影响评价(EIA)的要求,有必要进行累积环境影响评价研究。本文介绍了累积环境影响的概念模型、分类和特点,并探讨了累积环境影响评价的方法。  相似文献   

5.
本文在分析香蕉作为一各出口物的重要性及与其生产有关的环境影响的基础上,综述哥斯达黎加的香蕉生产。本文采用系统分析方法鉴定了与香蕉生产有关的主要环境问题。依据对EARTH学院306hm^3香蕉园的管理经验,提出了一些生态学管理措施,希望这些经验有助于产生一种更为稳妥的开发哥斯达黎加自然资源的方法。  相似文献   

6.
浅论区域开发环境影响评价的涵义   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
浅论区域开发环境影响评价的涵义彭应登,王华东环境影响评价(EIA)自1969年在美国首次以法律形式确定下来以后,作为决策手段和规划手段,在对开发建设活动的环境管理中发挥了重要的作用。然而,传统的EIA形式主要是单个项目的EIA,即项目层次的EIA。项...  相似文献   

7.
三价砷对藻类群落结构的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了探讨三价砷对微型生物群落结构的影响,进而评价水质,采用Cairns提出的PFU方法在群落级水下上模拟研究了As^3+对藻类群落的毒性,结果表明,藻类类群随着As^3+浓度增大而减少,多样性指数随As^3+浓度增加而明显下降,藻类群落迁入速率随时间延长而下降,消失速度则随时间而上升,As^3+对藻类群落结构在LOEC为32mg/L和56mg/LNOEC为1mg/L,结果表明用藻类群落在PFU上群  相似文献   

8.
利用合成的NIPAAm-AAc温敏性线型共聚研究了其对无机金属离子的吸附性能,以期应用于水污染的治理,结果表明其有明显的浓度效果,在PH=4时,对Y^3+,Er^3+和UO^2+2的浓集率分别达到84%、65%和56%,相应的浓集量分别为11.2mg.g^-1,4.45mg.g^-1和11.3mg.g^-1,并讨论了影响浓集的条件和吸附机理。  相似文献   

9.
大型水利工程EIA动态与存在的问题   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
分析了国内外大型水利工程的环境影响评价(EIA)。指出了大型水利工程EIA中存在的问题,其主要是:(1)方法学尚未完全建立;(2)忽视了水资源的价值;(3)缺少环境风险评价;(4)环境经济评价缺乏可信度。同时指出了大型水利工程EIA发展趋势,它对于完善水利工程的EIA和提高我国水利工程EIA的规范化、科学化具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

10.
金属材料的环境影响因子及其评价   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
本文交环境意识引入金属材料学科,在考察金属元素分布的环境特征和生物效应的基础上,定义了环境影响因子EAF,并引出了强度环境负荷比(σb/p)/EAF等参数,由此综合评价了各种金属的性能与环境负荷间的关系。  相似文献   

11.
河流水环境污染风险模糊综合评价模型   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
综合考虑水环境污染的脆弱性和受污染水体对人体健康的危害性, 建立了河流水环污染风险模糊综合评价模型.运用模糊语言,将脆弱性和危害性均分为6个等级,并根据F统计法和专家咨询法确定脆弱性和危害性的模糊隶属函数.由模糊综合评价得出河流水环境污染的风险水平.将该评价模型应用到湘江14个断面的水环境风险评价中,直观地表达各个断面污染风险水平,为湘江水资源管理和优先控制断面的选取提供新思路和新方法.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of this study is to contribute to the analysis of the environmental impacts deriving from common aspects of the service sector activity and to identify auxiliary actions and hot spots in order to improve the environmental performance of offices used for educational purposes. In that aspect, a screening life cycle assessment (LCA) for a university office-workstation of Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, was performed with the application of the SimaPro LCA software, and the Impact 2002+ method with fifteen impact categories for the interpretation of results. Findings from this research indicated that energy consumption for the powering electronic appliances was the key factor affecting most of the environmental impact categories examined. The impact categories most seriously affected by the office life cycle were the emissions of respiratory inorganics (39%), global warming (31%) and non-renewable energy use (27%). The saving of the energy consumed due to standby mode could lead to a reduction of 2.4% of the total energy consumption in the office in a yearly basis with proportional positive influence in all the respective impact categories. Additionally, utilization of solar energy through photovoltaic panels could lead to a reduction close to 90% for a number of impact categories. Therefore, actions and strategies for improving the environmental performance of academic offices should focus on the reduction of energy consumption.  相似文献   

13.
Although the selection of product categories is a deciding factor for the success of eco-labelling schemes, there are no consistent methods for determining selection factors and how to prioritise product categories for developing countries (DgCs). This paper attempts to identify appropriate factors for product category selection and formulate a prioritisation method applicable to DgCs. We first examined the selection factors currently utilised in schemes worldwide by conducting a questionnaire survey of representatives of foreign schemes. Selection factors were illustrated on a plot graph, which indicated the percentage of factors implemented in the schemes of DgCs and developed countries (DGs), and their plausibility assessed when utilised in the schemes of DgCs. In this way, we proposed three groups of factors: an exclusion factor, five core factors and seven operational factors. Then, under the conditions of DgCs, such as socioeconomic issues and availability of data, we used and modified some judging guidelines of the European Ecolabel (the EU Flower), e.g. determining the environmental impacts and potential of environmental improvements, in the scoring method to prioritise product categories by weighting factors. In light of our findings, we utilised the proposed factors and modified the scoring method to prioritise the screened primary list of product categories of Vietnamese manufacturing sub-sectors. By scoring factor-based questions and prioritising in three ways, i.e. following the scoring method of the EU Flower programme, totalling all values with equal weighting, and totalling all values but by doubling the weighting of core factors compared with operational factors, we observed that the weighted prioritisation differentiates priority product categories more clearly than the other methods. We propose the two highest potential candidates for eco-labelling in Vietnam, namely textile/garment and fishery products.  相似文献   

14.
环境审计理论研究自1995年引入我国以来,在经历了十多年的实践探索后,目前已在全国范围内广泛开展,在元化环境审计多理念的推动下,环境审计已渗透到了涵盖财政、金融、固定资产投资等几乎所有类别的政府审计。与此同时,环境审计也向纵深方向发展,甚至涉足节能减排这一极具专业性、且此前没有任何审计理论指导和实践经验的领域,作者正是在参与了两次的节能减排审计(调查)后,以二氧化硫排放量占比超过60%的电力行业为研究对象,对主要污染物二氧化硫间排量审计实践整理成文,以期填补环境理论研究的一方空白并对审计实践有所裨益。  相似文献   

15.
Environmental indicators allow a firm to make measurements related to its environmental performance. In practical terms, they can be used to form a measuring, benchmarking and monitoring tool to track environmental performance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs).Within an Environmental Management System (EMS), environmental indicators can be used to check if a firm has met the targets it is required to set for itself. It can also be used in firms that have not yet implemented an EMS. The use of an Environmental Indicators System (EIS) is thus recommended for SMEs, many of which do not have an EMS, in order to enhance their environmental performance. As noted in A Guide to Corporate Environmental Indicators published by the Federal Environment Ministry (Bonn) and the Federal Environmental Agency (Berlin), three categories of environmental indicators can be developed, depending on whether they describe: (1) a company's environmental impact (environmental performance); (2) the management's environmental activities; or (3) the external condition of the company's environment.The objective of this paper is to present how environmental indicators were established and implemented for Philippine SMEs and to show that the indicators significantly correlate with the environmental performance of the SMEs. In order to test this hypothesis, a survey-questionnaire was designed and administered among SMEs covering six industrial sectors in the Philippines. Based on the survey responses, a Gap analysis between the environmental performances of SMEs and state-of-the-art companies was performed. The Gap analysis showed that environmental indicators were indeed able to capture the features of actual environmental performance.Further, a structural equation model was proposed and validated. It yielded a significant linkage between the environmental indicators and environmental performance.  相似文献   

16.
水泥窑共处置废白土的环境效益分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以废白土为研究对象,应用生命周期评价法(LCA)对水泥窑共处置和焚烧炉处置系统3个类别的环境影响[人类健康(HH)、生态系统质量(EQ)和资源(R)]进行研究和对比分析.结果表明,水泥窑共处置废白土有利于环境的可持续发展,焚烧炉处置对环境的影响较大.水泥窑共处置和焚烧炉处置功能单位废白土的总环境负荷分别为-1.03,0.273Pt,前者的环境负荷比后者减少了477%,相应各指标的减少率为:HH 413%, EQ 479%, R 36.9%. EQ在2种处置方式的LCA中均为最敏感的影响指标.水泥窑系统中,避免了贡献率占97%以上的矿山开采阶段的环境影响,是降低整个系统环境影响的关键环节;焚烧炉系统中,电力消耗是造成环境破坏的重要阶段,对各影响指标都有很高的贡献率.二 、苯、重金属的排放是水泥窑共处置废白土的主要影响因子;粉尘和重金属排放对焚烧处置系统的影响较大.  相似文献   

17.
环境税税制设计的探讨   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
结合国外经验与中国国情,论述了环境税的设计原则,。探讨了在我国环境税时,税制三大要素:税种,税基和税率的制定及实施方法。  相似文献   

18.
Energy use as a single indicator or in a set of few indicators is often used in applied research in the building, transportation and energy sectors. However, the environmental relevance of energy indicators is seldom questioned. The relation between environmental relevance and energy indicators might seem obvious. Nevertheless, how this is obvious has not been thoroughly discussed. The aim of this paper is to investigate the environmental relevance of the energy indicator and discuss implications for its use. The approach is to express environmental pressure in different environmental impact categories and determine the contribution to these from energy use. Because not all impact categories are closely linked to energy indicators, the aim and context in which it is used must be apparent.  相似文献   

19.
吴祖强 《上海环境科学》1999,18(11):520-530
叙述了发展野外环境教育活动的必要性,提出了开展野外环境教育活动的3种设计类型即描述解释型,验证假设型和设计发现型。结合实例说明了野外环境教育活动的设计与评估。  相似文献   

20.
通过对中国环境标志计划由来和发展以及环境标志定义的介绍,阐述了中国环境标志标准遵循的原则、框架及标准类别,介绍了中国环境标志认证制度和模式,分析了中国环境标志计划的实施对相关行业节能减排的促进作用,说明了中国环境标志计划已成为国家推动节能减排和循环经济战略的重要手段。  相似文献   

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