耐冷亚硝酸盐型反硝化细菌Pseudomonas putida Y-12脱氮特性

研究了温度、转速、pH、接种量、碳源和亚硝酸盐氮浓度对耐冷反硝化细菌Pseudomonas putida Y-12去除亚硝酸盐氮和总氮的影响,在此基础上,初步考察了反硝化脱氮产物中温室气体(CO2和N2O)的含量,探索了对富营养化景观水体中亚硝酸盐氮和总氮的去除能力.结果表明:Y-12菌株去除亚硝酸盐氮和总氮的最佳碳源为柠檬酸钠,在15℃和pH为7.2条件下,该菌以柠檬酸钠为唯一碳源对亚硝酸盐氮和总氮去除率分别达到了100%和81.8%;反硝化脱氮产生了19559.82 mg·m-3CO2和0.11 mg·m-3N2O;在15℃,150 r·min-1摇床培养条件下,48 h内菌株Y-12对景观水体中亚硝酸盐氮和总氮去除率分别达到了37.7%和51.5%,表明该菌在初春及晚秋水体的低温时段具有较好的应用潜力.     

工业废气中甲苯的生物降解研究

采用生物膜填料塔进行净化低浓度甲苯废气的研究结果表明，构成生物膜的假单胞菌属中的短杆菌对废气中甲苯有很强的生化降解能力，每升体积的生物膜填料对甲苯的生化去除量最大可达１０４．４ｍｇ／ｈ，且当入口气体甲苯浓度约低于２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，单塔净化效率可保持在８０％以上。反应级数的转换约在其液相浓度为０．８—１．２ｍｇ／Ｌ（相当于气相浓度约１．７—２．１ｍｇ／Ｌ）时发生。     

ICZS-活性污泥新技术处理CTMP废水的研究

探讨了ＩＣＺｓ－活性污泥生物系统在控制污泥膨胀过程中的影响因素及其处理效果。３个月的实验结果表明：当ＩＣＺｓ预反应段的条件控制在溶解氧小于０．０６ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为７－７．６时,该生物系统能够有效控制污泥膨胀。ＩＣＺｓ－活性污泥生物系统具有高效去除污染物的能力。ＢＯＤ５,ＣＯＤ和ＴＳＳ总去除率的平均值分别高于９７％,８０％及９０％,其中仅ＩＣＺｓ段在预处理时间为２０ｍｉｎ时就能去除４９．０％－６２．     

亚硝酸盐降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

从活性污泥中分离得到一株能以亚硝酸盐为唯一氮源生长的异养硝化细菌53,根据其形态、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析结果,将其初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。研究了亚硝酸盐的初始浓度、pH、温度、接种量4个影响因素对菌株53降解亚硝酸盐效果的影响,确定了最适降解条件。结果表明,该菌株在亚硝酸盐浓度10 mg/L、培养温度30℃、pH为8.0、接种量5%条件下,接种24 h后对亚硝酸盐的降解率达到94.8%以上。在亚硝酸盐质量浓度为5mg/L的10L污染水体模拟实验中,按1%的接种量接入53发酵菌液(A600nm≈0.4),在30℃的水温条件下经4 d,53菌株对亚硝酸的降解率可达96.52%,处理后水体中亚硝酸盐的含量能达到养殖水体标准。表明该菌株对污染水体中的亚硝酸盐具有较强的降解效果。     

Pseudomonas flava WD-3在人工湿地污水净化中的应用研究

为了研究Pseudomonas flava WD-3在复合垂直流人工湿地中对污水的处理效果,将其按照不同梯度接种量(菌悬液浓度为4.575×108个·mL-1)投加到复合垂直流人工湿地中,研究其对污水中氨氮、CODCr、NO-2-N、NO-3-N、总磷的去除效果,确定该菌株的最佳投加量,建立降解动力学模型.结果表明,该菌株对污水中的有机污染物以及氮磷等营养物具有明显的去除效果.菌株的最佳投加量为6.0%,且对污水中NH+4-N、COD、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、TP的去除效果分别为未投加该菌的1.49、1.48、1.45、1.41、1.83倍,且去除性能稳定.低温菌Pseudomonas flava WD-3对污水中各污染物的降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型.     

焦化废水中解氰细菌的分离选育

从被氰化物长期污染的太原某焦化厂－曝活性污泥和黄血盐工段废水中,用浓度梯度法分离选育耐ＣＮ＾－性较高的１２个菌株中,选出６个菌株,并进行ＣＮ＾－降解率的测试,结果表明,顺２４℃,菌株００７号、０１２号及１＾＃混６ｈ的ＣＮ＾－降解率达８０％以上;若进水ＣＮ＾－浓度为４０ｍｇ／Ｌ,水力停留时间８ｈ,出水ＣＮ＾－下降到０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,达到污水排放一级标准。     

纳滤膜对有机物的截留机理研究

选用美国ＴｒｉＳｅｐ公司ＴＳ８０纳滤膜，在操作压力０．７ＭＰａ下考察了纳滤膜对有机物的截留机理，ＴＳ８０纳滤膜平均去除率为９０．３％，根据色谱质谱联机分析结果可知．ＴＳ８０纳滤膜能使色谱质谱峰丰度降低５０％左右，其对有机物的去除是由有机物的结构特征（如分子量、极性）与有机物问膜问的相互作用关系共同决定的。     

一株环境Klebsiella pneumoniae硝化与反硝化研究

文章对分离于自然环境中的一株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的氮代谢特性进行研究,以期为解释异养硝化和好氧反硝化的机制和为生物脱氮工艺提供理论依据。用16S r DNA基因序列分析法对分离菌株进行鉴定。以铵盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐作为细菌氮源,每隔3 h连续取样,检测培养基中氮和细菌浓度的变化。经鉴定该菌株属于肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)。该菌株具有降解铵盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的作用,24 h内的降解率分别为96%、100%、100%,氮去除速率分别为4.8、2.2、3.3 mg/(L·h)。该研究为中国内首次报道环境肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌具异养硝化与好氧反硝化特性,提示该类细菌具重要生态作用,广泛参与环境氮循环,也是污水中去除氮的一类可选微生物资源。     

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-I,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei．该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg／L的培养基,最大脱色率为99％,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h．克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5％（体积分数）,培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源（NH4）2S04浓度不低于0．1％,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0．5％．对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色．此外,该菌株对另外9种染料（50mg／L）的脱色率在62％～96％之间．其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90％以上,对三苯甲烷染料（酸性媒介漂蓝B）的脱色率达到了93％．表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能．     

不同组合净水工艺对水中致突变物的去除

对５种组合净水工艺的出水及原水进行Ａｍｅｓ试验,结果显示,生物陶粒能部分去除水中直接致突变有机物,降低原水的ＭＲ比值,ＴＡ９８菌株ＭＲ比值在剂量为１Ｌ／皿水样及０．５Ｌ／皿水样时,分别比原水减少了４０．２％及４１．９％。     

好氧反硝化芽孢杆菌筛选及其反硝化特性

从对虾养殖池塘中筛选出多株具有好氧反硝化性能的芽孢杆菌,其中芽孢杆菌YX-6能够在14 h内将ρ(亚硝酸盐氮)由10 mg/L降至0;ρ(DO)为5.2~5.8 mg/L时,该菌对亚硝酸盐氮的去除率接近100%.试验选取具有降氮功能的芽孢杆菌作为阳性对照菌,比较研究了芽孢杆菌YX-6在不同pH,温度,ρ(亚硝酸盐氮)和盐度时的好氧反硝化性能.结果表明,芽孢杆菌YX-6的好氧反硝化性能显著高于阳性对照菌(P0.05).通过对芽孢杆菌YX-6的形态学观察、生理生化及16S rDNA分子鉴定,初步鉴定其为凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans).     

High nitrogen removal from wastewater with several new aerobic bacteria isolated from diverse ecosystems

Introduction The presence of nitrogenous substance has attracted attention because of the role of nitrogen in eutrophication of receiving waters. Denitrification is the ability of bacteria to use nitrogen oxides (NO3- and NO2-) as electron acceptors produ…     

Differences in nitrite-oxidizing communities and kinetics in a brackish environment after enrichment at low and high nitrite concentrations

Nitrite accumulation in shrimp ponds can pose serious adverse effects to shrimp production and the environment.This study aims to develop an effective process for the enrichment of ready-to-use nitrite-oxidizing bacteria(NOB)inocula that would be appropriate for nitrite removal in brackish shrimp ponds.To achieve this objective,the effects of nitrite concentrations on NOB communities and nitrite oxidation kinetics in a brackish environment were investigated.Moving-bed biofilm sequencing batch reactors and continuous moving-bed biofilm reactors were used for the enrichment of NOB at various nitrite concentrations,using sediment from brackish shrimp ponds as seed inoculum.The results from NOB population analysis with quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)show that only Nitrospira were detected in the sediment from the shrimp ponds.After the enrichment,both Nitrospira and Nitrobacter coexisted in the reactors controlling effluent nitrite at 0.1 and 0.5 mg-NO_2~--N/L.On the other hand,in the reactors controlling effluent nitrite at 3,20,and 100 mg-NO_2~--N/L,Nitrobacter outcompeted Nitrospira in many orders of magnitude.The half saturation coefficients(Ks)for nitrite oxidation of the enrichments at low nitrite concentrations(0.1 and 0.5 mg-NO_2~--N/L)were in the range of 0.71–0.98 mg-NO_2~--N/L.In contrast,the Ksvalues of NOB enriched at high nitrite concentrations(3,20,and 100 mg-NO_2~--N/L)were much higher(8.36–12.20 mg-NO_2~--N/L).The results suggest that the selection of nitrite concentrations for the enrichment of NOB inocula can significantly influence NOB populations and kinetics,which could affect the effectiveness of their applications in brackish shrimp ponds.     

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expaned granular sludge bed reactor

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) was studied in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor in this work. Experimental results from the continuous treatment of wastewater with nitrite and ammonium, which lasted for 107 days, demonstrated that wastewater with high nitrite and ammonium could be anaerobically treated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. More than 91% to 97% of COD were removed at up to about 3.9 g COD/(L x d) of COD volumetric loading rate. More than 97% to 100% of nitrite was denitrified at up to about 0.8 g NO2(-) -N/(L x d), which is 16 times higher than that in a conventional activated sludge system with nitrification/denitrification (0.05 gN/(L x d)). No dissimilatory reduction of nitrite to ammonium occurred in the process. However, maximum of about 40% ammonium was found to be lost. Batch tests of 15 days with sludge from the reactor showed that 100% of nitrite was denitrified completely, and about 3% of ammonium was removed when only ammonium (34.3 mg/L) and nitrite (34.3 mg/ L) were added into the sludge suspension medium. Furthermore, about 15% of ammonium amounts were lost with organic COD addition. It suggested that the methanogenesis in the system could enhance ANAMMOX because of intermediate hydrogen produced during methanogenesis.     

缺氧附着生长反应器同步脱氮除硫除碳运行效果探讨

在缺氧环境下,应用附着生长反应器,通过降低水力停留时间增加进水底物负荷,对废水中硫化物,硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和有机物等污染物质的降解情况进行了研究.结果表明,进水硫化物、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮和有机物浓度分别为200、52.5、20和20mg/L,去除率分别达到99%、99%、95.5%和80%,实现了兼养脱硫反硝化氮、硫、碳的同步去除.随着底物负荷的增大,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐对冲击负荷的适应性逐渐变小;硝酸盐降解对进水负荷冲击的适应性强于亚硝酸盐;与增加进水负荷对反应器带来的冲击相比,缺氧环境的破坏对硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的降解影响大;去除硫化物的60%被生物氧化为单质硫;缺氧反应器中发生了自养反硝化和异养反硝化作用,自养反硝化占主导地位,异养反硝化的发生力度为21.76%.     

进水亚硝氮限制下Anammox去除氨氮研究

利用UASB反应器分别在降低进水亚硝氮/氨氮比（R）和停供亚硝氮条件下研究了Anammox体系运行特性.发现随着进水亚硝氮减少,亚硝氮与氨氮去除摩尔比减小,发生氨氮超量去除现象,即使进水无亚硝氮时也可去除氨氮.当R为1：2时,氨氮超量去除量达最大,均值为57.2mg/L;长期停供亚硝氮条件下氨氮能够稳定去除,平均去除量为45.6mg/L.停供亚硝氮后Anammox体系中微生物群落多样性增加,AnAOB、氨氧化菌和反硝化菌相对丰度均增加.其中AnAOB相对丰度从9.44%增长到13.26%;氨氧化菌相对丰度从3.29%增长到7.3%;反硝化菌相对丰度由0.54%增加到3.14%.研究表明,溶解氧是氨氮超量去除量的限制性因素,氨氮超量去除的途径包括：好氧氨氧化、厌氧氨氧化与部分内碳源反硝化.在微量溶解氧作用下,主要是氨氧化菌与厌氧氨氧化菌协同实现了氮的去除.     

对硫磷分子印迹膜传感器的制备及识别特性

用电聚合的方法在金电极上制备了以对硫磷为模板分子的自组装邻氨基硫酚分子印迹膜传感器.在含有5 mmol/L对硫磷模板分子、5mmol/L四丁基高氯酸铵支持电解质和30 mmol/L邻氨基硫酚的二氯甲烷的聚合液中于-0.3～1.4 V范围内循环伏安扫描30圈即得到邻氨基硫酚印迹聚合膜.结合在印迹膜上的对硫磷模板分子用0.5 mol/L HCl溶液超声20 min洗脱.循环伏安法用于电化学检测.当富集时间为10 min,磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH=6.8时,在1.0×10-4～5.0×10-7mol/L浓度范围内与对硫磷还原峰电流成良好的线性关系,检测下限为2.0×10～mol/L.用分子印迹膜传感器对实际样品进行分析,回收率为98.0%～104%.印迹膜传感器和非印迹膜传感器对一系列与对硫磷相近似的化合物如甲基对硫磷、对氧磷、辛硫磷、氧乐果、硝基苯及邻、间、对硝基苯酚进行检测,该传感器对对硫磷具有良好的选择性和灵敏度.     

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＵＡＳＢｒｅａｃｔｏｒａｎｄｉｔｓｖａｒｉｏｕｓｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒ(ｈｉｇｈｔｏｌｏｗｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ,ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌａｎｄｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃ)ｕｎｄｅｒｐｓｙｃｈｒｏｐｈｉｌｉｃ ,ｍｅｓｏｐｈｉｌｉｃａｎｄｔｈｅｒｍｏｐｈｉｌｉｃｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ(Ｌｅｔｔｉｎｇａ ,1995 ) .Ｍｏｄｅｒｎａｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃｒｅａｃｔｏｒｓ…     

反硝化细菌对硫酸盐还原菌的竞争抑制研究

以从大庆油田采出水中筛选到的硫酸盐还原菌SRB-2和反硝化细菌DNB-1为目的菌,考察两者之间的竞争抑制关系,以及添加营养物质的种类和浓度对SRB-2数量及产H2S活性的影响。结果表明,当体系中硝酸盐浓度为0.5 g/L或亚硝酸盐浓度为0.1-0.5 g/L时,DNB-1就能够有效降低SRB-2活性,抑制H2S的产生,抑制时间10 d以上,H2S产生可以减少85%以上;当体系中硝酸盐浓度为0.1-0.25 g/L时,在10 d内DNB-1对SRB-2活性和产H2S活性也有较好的抑制效果,H2S产生减少65%左右;亚硝酸盐对SRB-2生长的抑制作用好于硝酸盐。     

Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal landfill leachate

A system consisting of a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), an anoxic/aerobic (A/O) reactor and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), was used to treat landfill leachate. During operation, denitrification and methanogenesis took place simultaneously in the first stage UASB, and the e uent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was further removed in the second stage UASB. Then the denitrification of nitrite and nitrate in the returned sludge by using the residual COD was accomplished in the A/O reactor, and ammonia was removed via nitrite in it. Last but not least, the residual ammonia was removed in SBR as well as nitrite and nitrate which were produced by nitrification. The results over 120 d (60 d for phase I and 60 d for phase II) were as follows: when the total nitrogen (TN) concentration of influent leachate was about 2500 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was about 2000 mg/L, the shortcut nitrification with 85%–90% nitrite accumulation was achieved stably in the A/O reactor. The TN and ammonia nitrogen removal e ciencies of the system were 98% and 97%, respectively. The residual ammonia, nitrite and nitrate produced during nitrification in the A/O reactor could be washed out almost completely in SBR. The TN and ammonia nitrogen concentrations of final e uent were about 39 mg/L and 12 mg/L, respectively.