Biodegradation of mixture of VOC's in a biofilter

Volatile organic compounds(VOC‘s) in air have become major concern in recent years. Biodegradation of a mixture of ethanol and methanol vapor was evaluated in a laboratory biofilter with a bed of compost and polystyrene particles using an acclimated mixed culture. The continuous performance of the biofilter was studied with different proportion of ethanol and methanol at different initial concentration and flow rates. The result showed significant removal for both ethanol and methanol, which were composition dependent.The presence of either compound in the mixture inhibited the biodegradation of the other.     

Biodegradation of mixture of VOC''''s in a biofilter

IntroductionDeterioratingatmosphericairqualityhasresultinginmorestringentregulationsarebeingenforcedtocontrolairpollutants .Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)areamongthenewclassofaircontaminantsgeneratedfromavarietyofindustrialsources .Effortstocontroltheemis…     

Biological removal of air loaded with a hydrogen sulfide and ammonia mixture

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater pumping stations is a major issue of concern to China. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are commonly the primary odor and are important targets for removal. An alternative control technology, biofiltration, was studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of unit systems packed with compost in terms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions treatment, and to establish optimal operating conditions for a full-scale conceptual design. The laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost was continuously supplied with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas mixtures. A volumetric load of less than 150 gH2S/(m^3.d) and 230 gNH3/(m^3.d) was applied for about fifteen weeks. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia elimination occurred in the biofilter simultaneously. The removal efficiency, removal capacity and removal kinetics in the biofilter were studied. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency reached was very high above 99%, and ammonia removal efficiency was about 80%. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized into sulphate. The ammonia oxidation products were nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia in the biofilter was mainly removed by adsorption onto the carrier material and by absorption into the water fraction of the carrier material. High percentages of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia were oxidized in the first section of the column. Through kinetics analysis, the presence of ammonia did not hinder the hydrogen sulfide removal. According to the relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity for the biofilter and Reynolds number, non-Darcy flow can be assumed to represent the flow in the medium.     

常温ANAMMOX工艺运行性能及功能菌研究

通过改变进水基质浓度,对以火山岩为填料的常温上向流厌氧氨氧化生物滤池在不同基质浓度下的脱氮性能进行了研究.借助显微镜、电镜(SEM)观察对滤池内的微生物形态进行了分析,利用变性凝胶电泳(DGGE)和克隆测序等微生物方法,对ANAMMOX种属进行了鉴定.试验结果表明,常温条件下,厌氧氨氧化滤池在高、低不同基质下都能够保持较高的脱氮效果,其中TN去除负荷最高能够达到2.99kgN/(m3×d),NH4+-N和NO2--N最高去除率分别能够达到99.4%和98.8%;显微镜、电镜观察显示:滤池下部的微生物种类更丰富,ANAMMOX菌在滤池的中部和上部的比例更高;16SrRNA克隆测序鉴定结果表明:滤池中的ANAMMOX菌为Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis,其对温度和基质浓度都有着较宽的适应性.     

白腐真菌生物过滤塔处理氯苯气体的研究

以竹子为填料,构建新型的白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium生物过滤塔,考察该过滤塔在不同操作条件下对氯苯的去除性能.结果表明,白腐真菌生物过滤塔对氯苯表现出较好的去除效果,在进口浓度200～1 500 mg/m3,空塔停留时间122 s的条件下,最大去除率接近80%,平均去除率约50%.过滤塔的去除速率与进口负荷和去除率有关,在进口浓度500～1 500mg/m3,流量0.5 m3/h的条件下,最大去除速率可达94 g/(m3·h),平均去除速率为60 g/(m3·h).过滤塔去除速率对进口负荷变化的响应幅度与流量有关,在低流量条件下随进口负荷的变化率较大.过滤塔中氯苯浓度的沿程分布呈现出非线性下降的特征,造成这一现象的原因可能与过滤塔内生物量的分布情况有关.     

真菌降解废气中邻-二甲苯试验研究

采用真菌降解废气中的邻-二甲苯,试验装置为真菌生物滤池.将滤池内填料分成3段,考察每一段的负荷能力、去除效率以及pH值、温度、湿度的变化特点等.邻-二甲苯的进气浓度为400～700mg·m-3,气量为0 25m3·h-1,停留时间为100s.试验结果表明,真菌能够有效地去除废气中的邻 二甲苯,总去除率达到90%以上.其中,从上到下各段的去除率分别为36 8%,28 6%和25 5%.生物滤池内产生CO2的浓度与邻 二甲苯的降解有密切关联,通过在线监测进出气中的CO2浓度变化,可以间接反映出生物滤池的运行状况和生物生长量.在本研究中,降解的邻二甲苯中的碳约74%转化成CO2.微生物鉴定结果表明,降解邻 二甲苯的微生物主要是青霉菌和诺卡氏菌.     

不同载体生物滤池对渗滤液污染物的处理效果

以陈垃圾和煤渣作为生物滤池反应器填料,分别构建了单一陈垃圾、煤渣以及复合该2种填料的生物反应器,对渗滤液中的污染物进行了去除效果实验.结果表明,煤渣生物滤池对于渗滤液中COD和氨氮的去除效果高于陈垃圾滤池,但是总氮的去除率低于陈垃圾.复合填料滤池对于负荷和低温变化具有较好的耐受能力.电镜观察和微生物计数结果表明,2种载体适合微生物挂膜生长.粒径分析结果表明,2种载体的颗粒粒径组成对于滤池通透性能以及污染物去除有重要影响.     

复合生物滤池处理NH3和H2S混合恶臭气体的实验研究

采用复合生物滤池处理NH₃和H₂S酸碱混合气体,其中复合生物滤池由生物滴滤池和生物过滤池组成.研究表明:在气体流量为0.9～1.4 m3/h,气体质量浓度为15 mg/m3,营养液喷淋量为4.56 L/h时,出气NH₃和H₂S的质量浓度分别达到<恶臭污染物排放标准>(GB14554-93)中的一级和二级排放标准,除臭效果好.研究还表明:复合生物滤池中微生物的生长条件差别较大,在生物滴滤池内生长的微生物为枯草芽孢杆菌、钟虫等细菌,而在生物过滤池内生长的微生物则为白曲霉菌、葡萄球菌等真菌.      

Performance of rotating drum biofilter for volatile organic compound removal at high organic loading rates

Uneven distribution of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and biomass, and excess biomass accumulation in some biofilters hinder the application of biofiltration technology. An innovative multilayer rotating drum biofilter （RDB） was developed to correct these problems. The RDB was operated at an empty bed contact time （EBCT） of 30 s and a rotational rate of 1.0 r/min. Diethyl ether was chosen as the model VOC. Performance of the RDB was evaluated at organic loading rates of 32,1, 64.2, 128, and 256 g ether/（m^3·h） （16.06 g ether/（m^3·h） ≈ 1.0 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m^3·d））. The EBCT and organic loading rates were recorded on the basis of the medium volume. Results show that the ether removal efficiency decreased with an increased VOC loading rate. Ether removal efficiencies exceeding 99% were achieved without biomass control even at a high VOC loading rate of 128 g ether/（m^3·h）. However, when the VOC loading rate was increased to 256 g ether/（m^3·h）, the average removal efficiency dropped to 43%. Nutrient limitation possibly contributed to the drop in ether removal efficiency. High biomass accumulation rate was also observed in the medium at the two higher ether loading rates, and removal of the excess biomass in the media was necessary to maintain stable performance. This work showed that the RDB is effective in the removal of diethyl ether from waste gas streams even at high organic loading rates. The results might help establish criteria for designing and operating RDBs.     

不同流态生物膜反应器对微囊藻毒素的降解特性

以富营养化源水为处理对象,考察了三阶、单阶气水顺流、单阶气水逆流生物膜反应器对微囊藻毒素的去除特性.三阶生物膜反应器比单阶反应器更接近于推流反应器,对藻毒素的去除效率高于单阶反应器,且效果稳定.在试验水质条件下,水力停留时间(HRT)为2h时,三阶反应器可有效去除85.9%的胞外微囊藻毒素与84.0%的总微囊藻毒素,对胞外微囊藻毒素-LR、RR与总微囊藻毒素-LR、RR的去除率分别为86.7%、81.7%与71.5%、80.5%.三阶生物膜工艺可用于富营养化源水的预处理.     

真菌生物滤池净化苯乙烯废气的研究

采用接种Aspergillus candidus和Penicillium frequentans的真菌生物滤池处理苯乙烯废气,考察苯乙烯在生物滤池中的净化效果和物质转化特性。苯乙烯的进气质量浓度为200～800 mg/m3,气体流量分别为0.28,0.38和0.48 m3/h,对应的气体停留时间分别为60,45和35 s。试验结果表明:苯乙烯在真菌生物滤池中有较好的处理效果,最大去除能力达66.78 g/(m3.h),真菌生物滤池中二氧化碳的产生量和苯乙烯去除量呈线性关系。微生物分析结果表明,接种的Aspergillus candidus和Penicillium frequentans在反应器内能够长期保持优势地位。     

Three-stage aged refuse biofilter for the treatment of landfill leachate

A field-scale aged refuse(AR) biofilter constructed in Shanghai Refuse Landfill,containing about 7000 m3 aged refuse inside,was evaluated for its performance in the treatment of landfill leachate. This AR biofilter can be divided into three stages and can manage 50 m3 landfill leachate per day. The physical,chemical,and biological characteristics of AR were analyzed for evaluating the AR biofilter as leachate treatment host. The results revealed that over 87.8%-96.2% of COD and 96.9%-99.4% of ammonia nitrog...     

Enhanced anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater with methanol addition

Coal gasification effluent is a typical refractory industrial wastewater with a very poor anaerobic biodegradability due to its toxicity.Methanol was introduced to improve anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater,and the effect of methanol addition on the performance was investigated in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 24 hr.Experimental results indicated that anaerobic treatment of coal gasification wastewater was feasible with the addition of methanol.The corresponding maximum COD and phenol removal rates were 71% and 75%,respectively,with methanol concentration of 500 mg COD/L for a total organic loading rate of 3.5 kg COD/(m3 ·day) and a phenol loading rate of 0.6 kg/(m3 ·day).The phenol removal rate was not improved with a higher methanol concentration of 1000 mg COD/L.Substrate utilization rate (SUR) tests indicated that the SURs of phenol were 106,132,and 83 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) at methanol concentrations of 250,500,and 1000 mg COD/L,respectively,and only 45 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) in the control reactor.The presence of methanol could reduce the toxicity of coal gasification wastewater and increase the biodegradation of phenolic compounds.     

膜吸收法脱除电厂模拟烟气中的CO2

以氨基乙酸钾、一乙醇胺和甲基二乙醇胺水溶液为吸收液,研究了聚丙烯膜接触器分离模拟烟气中CO₂的技术.分析了气液流速、吸收剂浓度、烟气CO₂浓度和吸收液CO₂负荷等对传质速率和脱除率的影响.结果表明:1mol·L^-1MEA在流速0.1m·s^-1,烟气流速0.211m·s^-1时,CO₂传质速率高达7.1mol·(m²·s)^-1;1mol·L^-1氨基乙酸钾在流速0.05m·s^-1,烟气流速0.211m·s^-1时,脱除率为93.2%;4mol·L^-1氨基乙酸钾在同样条件下脱除率达98%;而且在试验的较广烟气CO₂浓度范围内,氨基乙酸钾CO₂脱除率保持在90%以上.试验证明膜吸收法既适合目前最为普遍的PF和NGCC烟道气脱除CO₂,也是一种应用广泛、有良好发展前景的CO₂分离法.     

多层填料生物转鼓去除NO废气的效能比较研究

生物转鼓过滤器能有效去除一氧化氮(NO)废气,为进一步提高生物转鼓过滤器的去除效能,实验改变了生物转鼓的填料结构,并与单层填料的生物转鼓进行了比较研究.结果表明,多层填料生物转鼓比单层填料生物转鼓更能有效去除NO,运行也更加稳定.8个月的连续运行实验表明,多层填料生物转鼓对NO去除率稳定在53.9％ ～93.4％之间,平均去除效率79.8％,而单层填料生物转鼓的平均去除率仅有68.7％;在相同实验条件下,空床停留时间(EBRT)可从单层填料生物转鼓的86.4 s降至多层填料生物转鼓的57.6 s.多层填料生物转鼓的最优工艺条件为,营养液量为1.3～3L,转速为0.75 r·min-1,在以葡萄糖为碳源时,TOC＞ 1250 mg·L-1后,去除效率增长幅度趋于平缓.     

生物法处理含氮硫无机有机恶臭气体研究

生物滴滤塔处理含三甲胺(TMA)和二硫化碳(CS)2的双组分含氮硫无机有机混合恶臭气体的研究结果表明,生物法能有效去除含三甲胺和二硫化碳的混合恶臭气体,三甲胺(TMA)和二硫化碳(CS)2的去除效率分别可达99.8%、93.8%,生物脱臭装置对恶臭污染物的改变具有很强的适应性,对新恶臭污染物质的进入有较好的适应性,具有较好的抗冲击负荷性,运行稳定,能适应非连续性生产的要求。污染物之间没有明显的相互抑制作用,进气浓度的提高对三甲胺的生物降解效率影响微弱,对二硫化碳的生物降解效率影响较大。适宜空床停留时间为20.6 s,三甲胺去除几乎不受循环液pH变化的影响,二硫化碳的去除则在pH=7～8.3时较高。生物降解动力学研究表明,生物塔对三甲胺的最大去除能力优于二硫化碳,对二硫化碳的亲和力优于三甲胺。     

自养型生物过滤器硝化氧化一氧化氮

采用一种新的工程材料多孔碳作为填料,在3个φ50.8mm填充着不同孔径多孔碳和驯化培养好的自养型亚硝酸盐硝化菌的生物过滤器中,进行了净化气体中NO的探索性研究.实验采用亚硝酸盐为唯一氮源,在多孔碳的表面培养生物膜,采用超声波气溶胶发生器来维持过滤器内的湿度并保持多孔碳表面液膜的厚度较小.液相硝化试验用来比较3种不同孔径的多孔碳之间硝化性能的潜力和差异结果表明,在亚氮(NO₂^--N)进口负荷约200～800g/(L·min)的范围内.24孔/cm(Pores Per Centimeter,PPC)多孔碳过滤器的硝化速率最大,达到94%～98%;8PPC和18PPC多孔碳过滤器的硝化速率分别达到15%～21%和30%～40%.气相试验表明,在NO空床停留时间3.5min、进口浓度66.97～267.86mg/m³的范围内,24PPC多孔碳过滤器对NO的去除效率为41%～52%左右,表明了该自养硝化系统在NO废气治理中的应用潜力.     

废气生物过滤系统填料层热迁移数值模拟

参考多孔介质体积平均模型和三参数模型.以多孔介质能量守恒方程为基础,建立了废气生物过滤填料层热迁移的数学模型,采用Galerkin有限元法对模型进行一维数值计算.结果表明,填料层热迁移模型计算结果与实验一致,且两者值也基本相符.填料层热迁移与气流特性.生物代谢产能及介质导热特性相关.介质导热性能增强、气流温度和污染物浓度增加、生物代谢产能增大,填料层的热迁移速率提高;气流流速增大,同一时刻沿轴向各填料层热迁移速率降低.     

生物过滤塔甲苯降解性能研究

在空塔气速0.7～3.5cm/h、停流时间30s～80s的试验范围内,选取柱状活性炭为滤料,选择甲苯为VOCs代表,研究过滤塔甲苯生物降解性能,分析浓度、流量以及湿含量对降解能力的影响,建立VOC生物降解模型并予以验证.运行试验表明,滤料微生物活性较强,对甲苯有较强的降解能力;菌落分析表明,在甲苯生物降解过程中,起主要作用的是真菌、杆菌和芽孢杆菌,其中芽孢杆菌为优势菌种.     

制备工艺对La改性湿式氧化催化剂活性和稳定性的影响

采用CWAO(催化湿式空气氧化)法处理甲基橙模拟印染废水,以过量浸渍法制备催化剂,以水样COD_Cr去除率和脱色率表征催化剂的活性,以催化剂使用后处理出水中溶出的金属离子质量浓度表征催化剂的稳定性. 结果表明,多组分催化剂的金属组分构成为Cu、Fe、La,m(Cu)∶m(Fe)∶m(La)为1∶1∶2, 35℃下动态共浸渍8h,450℃下焙烧3h,由此制备得到Cu-Fe-La/FSC催化剂. 应用该催化剂,以CWAO法处理模拟印染废水,废水COD_Cr去除率和脱色率可分别达到79.1%和98.9%,催化剂的活性较高;使用该催化剂处理后的废水中Cu、Fe、La、Al的溶出量(以ρ计)分别为6.1、2.4、2.2、3.2mg/L,说明金属元素的溶出量较低,催化剂的稳定性较高.